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ÖSTEMPERLEME SICAKLIK VE SÜRESİNİN ÖSTEMPERLENMİŞ SÜNEK DÖKME DEMİRLERİN MİKRO YAPI VE SERTLİĞİNE ETKİSİ

Year 2019, , 604 - 611, 01.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.613878

Abstract

Bu
çalışmada, östemperleme sıcaklık ve
süresinin östemperlenmiş sünek dökme demirlerin mikro yapı ve sertliğine etkisi
detaylı bir biçimde incelenmiştir. GGG-50
küresel grafitli dökme demirlere (KGGD) 950 °C’ de 2 saat östenitleme ısıl
işlemi uygulandıktan sonra 350 ve 320 °C sıcaklıklarda 90 ve 120 dakika süre
ile östemperleme yapılmıştır. Östemperleme işleminden sonra numunelerin faz
analizleri X-ışınları kırınım yöntemiyle, mikroyapıları ise optik mikroskop kullanılarak,
mekanik özellikleri ise Brinell sertlik testi ile incelenmiştir. Her iki
sıcaklık ve sürede östemperleme işleminden sonra karakteristik ösferrit ve
yüksek karbonlu östenitten oluşan östemperlenmiş sünek dökme demir mikro yapısı
elde edilmiştir. Östemperleme sıcaklığı azaldıkça ve süresi arttıkça
numunelerin sertliği artmıştır. Ayrıca, östemperleme süresinin artmasıyla
yüksek karbonlu östenitin karbon yüzdesi de artmıştır.

References

  • Aşkun, Y., Hasırcı, H., Şeker, U., 2003, “Ni ve Cu ile Alaşımladırılmış Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demirlerin İşlenebilirliğinin Kesme Kuvvetleri ve Yüzey Kaliteleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol. 9(2), pp. 191-199.
  • Bahmani, M., Elliott, R., Varahram, N., 1997, “The Austempering Kinetics and Mechanical Properties of an Austempered Cu-Ni-Mo-Mn Alloyed Ductile Iron”, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 32(18), pp. 4783-4791.
  • Blackmore, P.A., Harding, R.A., 1984, “The Effects of Metallurgical Process Variables on the Properties of Austempered Ductile Irons”, J. Heat Treat., Vol. 3, pp. 310–325.
  • Eric, O., Jovanovic, M., Sidjanin, L., Rajnovic, D., Zec, S., 2006, “The Austempering Study of Alloyed Ductile Iron”, Mater. Des. Vol. 27, pp. 617–622.
  • Gundlach, R. B., Janowak, J. F., 1983, “Development of Ductile Iron for Commercial Austempering”, AFS Transactions, Vol. 91, pp. 377–388.
  • Hasırcı, H., 2000, Östemperlenmis Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demirlerde Alasım Elementleri (Cu ve Ni) ve Östemperleme Süresinin Mikro Yapı ve MekanikÖzellikler Üzerine Etkileri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara
  • Hayrynen, K. L., Brandenberg, K. R. Keuogh, J. R., 2002, “Applications of Austempered Cast Irons”, AFS Transactions, Vol., pp. 110, 1-10.
  • Hsu, C.H., Shy, Y.H., Yu, Y.H., Lee, S.C., 2000, “Effect of Austempering Heat Treatment on Fracture Toughness of Copper Alloyed Gray Iron”, Mater. Chem. Phys. Vol., 63, pp. 75–81.
  • İzgiz, S., 1986, Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demir, Segem Yayını, Ankara
  • Keough, J.R., Hayrynen, K.L., 2010, “Designing with Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI)”, AFS Proc. 10–129.
  • Kim, Y.J., Shin, H., Park, H., Lim, J.D., 2008, “Investigation into Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron (ADI) in Accordance with Austempering Temperature”, Mater. Lett. Vol. 62, pp. 357–360.
  • Konca, E., Tur, K., Koç, E.,2017, “Effects of Alloying Elements (Mo, Ni and Cu) on the Austemperability of GGG-60 Ductile Cast Iron”, Metals, Vol. 7, 320, pp. 1-9.
  • Kovacs, B. V., 1994, “On the Terminology and Structure of ADI”, AFS Transactions, Vol. 102, pp. 417-420.
  • Meier, L., Hofmann, M., Saal, P., Volk,W., Hoffman, H., 2013, “In-situ Measurement of Phase Transformation Kinetics in Austempered Ductile”, Mater. Charact., Vol. 85, pp. 124–133.
  • Rao, P.P., Putatunda, S.K., 2003, “Investigations on the Fracture Toughness of Austempered Ductile Irons Austenitized at Different Temperatures”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, Vol. 349, pp. 136–149.
  • Roberts, C.S., 1953, “Effect Of Carbon On The Volume Fractions And Lattice Parameters Of Retained Austenite And Martensite” Trans AIME, Vol.197, pp. 203-204. Sadighzadeh, B.A, Yazdani, S., Avishan, B., 2011, “Effect of Shot Peening Process on Fatigue Behavior of an Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron”, China Foundry, Vol. 8(3), pp. 325-330.
  • Sadighzadeh, B.A., 2015, “Effect of Alloying Elements on Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) Properties and its Process: Review”, China Foundry, Vol. 12(1), pp. 54-70.
  • Sellamuthu, P., Samuel, D. G. H., Dinakaran D., Premkumar V.P., Li, Z., Seetharaman, S., 2018, “Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy Consumption”, Metals, Vol. 8 (53), pp. 1-12.
  • Sohi, M.H., Ahmadabadi, M.N., Vahdat, A.B., 2004, “The Role of Austempering Parameters on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Heavy Section ADI”, J. Mater. Process. Technol. Vol.153–154, pp. 203–208.
  • Spengler, A.F., Briggs, H.K., 1972, The Ductile Iron Process, Miller and Company Service Handbook, Compendium 4.
  • Tun, T., Lwin, K.T., 2008, “Optimizing the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Iron for Automobile Differential Gear”, J. Met. Mater. Miner., Vol. 18, pp. 199–205.
  • Ucun, İ., Aslantaş, K., Taşgetiren, S., Gök, K., 2007, “Östemperlenmiş Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demirin Sinterlenmiş Karbür Kesici Takım ile Tornalama İşleminde Takım Performansının İncelenmesi”, J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ, Vol. 22(4), pp. 739-744.
  • Voigt, R. C., Loper, C. R., 1984, “Austempered Ductile Iron — Process Control and Quality Assurance”, Journal of Heat Treating, Vol. 3(4), pp. 291–309.
  • Yalcın, Y., Özel, A., 1999, “Östemperlenmiş Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demir”, Metalürji Dergisi, Vol. 23(119), pp. 15-19.
  • Yescas-Gonzales, M.A., 2001, Modelling the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Irons, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, November.

Effect of Austempering Temperature And Time on Microstructure and Hardness of Austempered Ductile Cast Irons (ADI)

Year 2019, , 604 - 611, 01.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.613878

Abstract

In this study, the effect of austempering
temperature and time on microstructures and hardness of austempered ductile
iron (ADI) were investigated in detail. The GGG-50 nodular cast iron samples
were austenized at 950 °C for 2h, and then austempered at 350 and 320 °C for 90
and 120 minutes in salt bath. Phase analysis of the samples were performed via
X-ray diffraction analysis, microstructural examination were done by light
optical microscope and mechanical properties were investigated by Brinell
hardness test. After austempering heat-treatment the microstructure is characteristic
austempered ductile iron microstructure composed of ausferrite and high carbon
austenite. Hardness increases with decreasing austempering temperature and
increasing austempering time. Moreover, the carbon content of high carbon
austenite increased with increasing austempering time.

References

  • Aşkun, Y., Hasırcı, H., Şeker, U., 2003, “Ni ve Cu ile Alaşımladırılmış Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demirlerin İşlenebilirliğinin Kesme Kuvvetleri ve Yüzey Kaliteleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol. 9(2), pp. 191-199.
  • Bahmani, M., Elliott, R., Varahram, N., 1997, “The Austempering Kinetics and Mechanical Properties of an Austempered Cu-Ni-Mo-Mn Alloyed Ductile Iron”, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 32(18), pp. 4783-4791.
  • Blackmore, P.A., Harding, R.A., 1984, “The Effects of Metallurgical Process Variables on the Properties of Austempered Ductile Irons”, J. Heat Treat., Vol. 3, pp. 310–325.
  • Eric, O., Jovanovic, M., Sidjanin, L., Rajnovic, D., Zec, S., 2006, “The Austempering Study of Alloyed Ductile Iron”, Mater. Des. Vol. 27, pp. 617–622.
  • Gundlach, R. B., Janowak, J. F., 1983, “Development of Ductile Iron for Commercial Austempering”, AFS Transactions, Vol. 91, pp. 377–388.
  • Hasırcı, H., 2000, Östemperlenmis Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demirlerde Alasım Elementleri (Cu ve Ni) ve Östemperleme Süresinin Mikro Yapı ve MekanikÖzellikler Üzerine Etkileri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara
  • Hayrynen, K. L., Brandenberg, K. R. Keuogh, J. R., 2002, “Applications of Austempered Cast Irons”, AFS Transactions, Vol., pp. 110, 1-10.
  • Hsu, C.H., Shy, Y.H., Yu, Y.H., Lee, S.C., 2000, “Effect of Austempering Heat Treatment on Fracture Toughness of Copper Alloyed Gray Iron”, Mater. Chem. Phys. Vol., 63, pp. 75–81.
  • İzgiz, S., 1986, Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demir, Segem Yayını, Ankara
  • Keough, J.R., Hayrynen, K.L., 2010, “Designing with Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI)”, AFS Proc. 10–129.
  • Kim, Y.J., Shin, H., Park, H., Lim, J.D., 2008, “Investigation into Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron (ADI) in Accordance with Austempering Temperature”, Mater. Lett. Vol. 62, pp. 357–360.
  • Konca, E., Tur, K., Koç, E.,2017, “Effects of Alloying Elements (Mo, Ni and Cu) on the Austemperability of GGG-60 Ductile Cast Iron”, Metals, Vol. 7, 320, pp. 1-9.
  • Kovacs, B. V., 1994, “On the Terminology and Structure of ADI”, AFS Transactions, Vol. 102, pp. 417-420.
  • Meier, L., Hofmann, M., Saal, P., Volk,W., Hoffman, H., 2013, “In-situ Measurement of Phase Transformation Kinetics in Austempered Ductile”, Mater. Charact., Vol. 85, pp. 124–133.
  • Rao, P.P., Putatunda, S.K., 2003, “Investigations on the Fracture Toughness of Austempered Ductile Irons Austenitized at Different Temperatures”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, Vol. 349, pp. 136–149.
  • Roberts, C.S., 1953, “Effect Of Carbon On The Volume Fractions And Lattice Parameters Of Retained Austenite And Martensite” Trans AIME, Vol.197, pp. 203-204. Sadighzadeh, B.A, Yazdani, S., Avishan, B., 2011, “Effect of Shot Peening Process on Fatigue Behavior of an Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron”, China Foundry, Vol. 8(3), pp. 325-330.
  • Sadighzadeh, B.A., 2015, “Effect of Alloying Elements on Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) Properties and its Process: Review”, China Foundry, Vol. 12(1), pp. 54-70.
  • Sellamuthu, P., Samuel, D. G. H., Dinakaran D., Premkumar V.P., Li, Z., Seetharaman, S., 2018, “Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI): Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties and Energy Consumption”, Metals, Vol. 8 (53), pp. 1-12.
  • Sohi, M.H., Ahmadabadi, M.N., Vahdat, A.B., 2004, “The Role of Austempering Parameters on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Heavy Section ADI”, J. Mater. Process. Technol. Vol.153–154, pp. 203–208.
  • Spengler, A.F., Briggs, H.K., 1972, The Ductile Iron Process, Miller and Company Service Handbook, Compendium 4.
  • Tun, T., Lwin, K.T., 2008, “Optimizing the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Iron for Automobile Differential Gear”, J. Met. Mater. Miner., Vol. 18, pp. 199–205.
  • Ucun, İ., Aslantaş, K., Taşgetiren, S., Gök, K., 2007, “Östemperlenmiş Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demirin Sinterlenmiş Karbür Kesici Takım ile Tornalama İşleminde Takım Performansının İncelenmesi”, J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ, Vol. 22(4), pp. 739-744.
  • Voigt, R. C., Loper, C. R., 1984, “Austempered Ductile Iron — Process Control and Quality Assurance”, Journal of Heat Treating, Vol. 3(4), pp. 291–309.
  • Yalcın, Y., Özel, A., 1999, “Östemperlenmiş Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demir”, Metalürji Dergisi, Vol. 23(119), pp. 15-19.
  • Yescas-Gonzales, M.A., 2001, Modelling the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Irons, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, November.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emre Öztürk This is me

Mehmet Yıldırım This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2019
Submission Date January 21, 2019
Acceptance Date February 28, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

IEEE E. Öztürk and M. Yıldırım, “ÖSTEMPERLEME SICAKLIK VE SÜRESİNİN ÖSTEMPERLENMİŞ SÜNEK DÖKME DEMİRLERİN MİKRO YAPI VE SERTLİĞİNE ETKİSİ”, KONJES, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 604–611, 2019, doi: 10.36306/konjes.613878.