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A COMMERCIAL TURBOFAN ENGINE MODELING AND EXERGY ANALYSIS

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 109 - 122, 01.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1332160

Abstract

Turbofan engines are one of the most common types of engines used in modern commercial and military aircraft due to their efficiency and performance characteristics. In this study, a thermodynamic model is generated using GasTurb 14 software for a commercial two-spool, unmixed flow, and booster turbofan engine (CFM56-5A3) used in Boeing A320-212. Besides, an exergy analysis of the modeled turbofan engine is performed. Exergy performance criteria such as exergy efficiency, exergy development potential, exergy destruction ratio, productivity lack ratio, and fuel depletion ratio are evaluated for the engine components. In addition, how bypass ratio (BPR) affects net thrust and specific fuel consumption (SFC) for the modeled turbofan engine is investigated. As a result, the net thrust and SFC values of the modeled engine and the actual engine are overlapped with 14.0% and 7.2% deviation, respectively. The maximum exergy efficiency occurs at the high-pressure turbine as 0.992. When the bypass ratio is minimum, the maximum net thrust and SFC occur as 62.24 kN and 24.08 g kN-1 s-1, respectively. High pressure turbine has the minimum exergy development potential of 1528.5 kW.

References

  • S. Gudmundsson, “Thrust Modeling for Gas Turbines,” in General Aviation Aircraft Design, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2022, pp. 573-595.
  • R. Sangi and D. Müller, “Application of the second law of thermodynamics to control: A review,” Energy, vol. 174, pp. 938–953, May 2019.
  • C. E. Keutenedjian Mady, C. Reis Pinto, and M. Torelli Reis Martins Pereira, “Application of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Brazilian Residential Appliances towards a Rational Use of Energy,” Entropy, vol. 22, no. 6, p. 616, Jun. 2020.
  • T. K. Ibrahim et al., “Thermal performance of gas turbine power plant based on exergy analysis,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 115, pp. 977–985, Mar. 2017.
  • C. T. Yucer, “Thermodynamic analysis of the part load performance for a small scale gas turbine jet engine by using exergy analysis method,” Energy, vol. 111, pp. 251–259, Sep. 2016.
  • S. Manigandan, A. E. Atabani, V. K. Ponnusamy, and P. Gunasekar, “Impact of additives in Jet-A fuel blends on combustion, emission and exergetic analysis using a micro-gas turbine engine,” Fuel, vol. 276, p. 118104, Sep. 2020.
  • C. Cai, Q. Zheng, J. Fang, H. Chen, C. Chen, and H. Zhang, “Performance assessment for a novel supersonic turbine engine with variable geometry and fuel precooled: From feasibility, exergy, thermoeconomic perspectives,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 225, p. 120227, May 2023.
  • H. Y. Akdeniz, O. Balli, and H. Caliskan, “Energy, exergy, economic, environmental, energy based economic, exergoeconomic and enviroeconomic (7E) analyses of a jet fueled turbofan type of aircraft engine,” Fuel, vol. 322, p. 124165, Aug. 2022.
  • O. Turan, “Exergo-economic analysis of a CFM56-7B turbofan engine,” Energy, vol. 259, p. 124936, Nov. 2022.
  • O. Balli, “Exergy modeling for evaluating sustainability level of a high by-pass turbofan engine used on commercial aircrafts,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 123, pp. 138–155, Aug. 2017.
  • H. Aygun and O. Turan, “Analysis of cruise conditions on energy, exergy and NOx emission parameters of a turbofan engine for middle-range aircraft,” Energy, vol. 267, p. 126468, Mar. 2023.
  • E. Koruyucu, S. Ekici, and T.H. Karakoc, “Performing thermodynamic analysis by simulating the general characteristics of the two-spool turbojet engine suitable for drone and UAV propulsion,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 145, no. 3, p. 1303-1315, Jan. 2021.
  • A. Dinc, H. Caliskan, S. Ekici, and Y. Sohret, “Thermodynamic-based environmental and enviroeconomic assessments of a turboprop engine used for freight aircrafts under different flight phases,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 147, pp. 12693–12707, Jul 2022.
  • Y. Şöhret, S. Ekici, and A. Dinc, “Investigating the green performance limits of a cargo aircraft engine during flight: a thermo-environmental evaluation,” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, pp. 1-16, Dec 2021.
  • S. Ekici, “Design of Unmanned Helicopter Equipped with Turboshaft Engine for Agriculture Spraying Mission Based on Thermodynamic Analysis,” Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 532-546, Mar. 2020.
  • K. Coban, Y. Şöhret, C. O. Colpan, and T. H. Karakoç, “Exergetic and exergoeconomic assessment of a small-scale turbojet fuelled with biodiesel,” Energy, vol. 140, pp. 1358–1367, Dec. 2017.
  • S. Ekici, İ. Orhan, Y. Şöhret, Ö. Altuntaş, T. H. Karakoç, “Calculating Endogenous and Exogenous Exergy Destruction for an Experimental Turbojet Engine,” International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 233-240, May 2022.
  • P.Jeschke, J.Kurzke, R. Schaber, and C. Riegler. “Preliminary gas turbine design using the multidisciplinary design system mopeds,” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, vol. 126, no. 2, Apr. 2004.
  • EASA, “TYPE-CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/downloads/7689/en. [Accessed: 17-Jul-2023].
  • Jet-Engine, “Civil turbojet/turbofan specifications.” [Online]. Available: https://www.jet-engine.net/civtfspec.htm. [Accessed: 17-Jul-2023].
  • D. N. M. P. Paulo, “Exergy Analysis of a Turbofan Engine,” MSc, Aerospace Sciences of the University of Beira Interior, 2018.
  • GasTurb, “Design and Off-Design Performance of Gas Turbines,” [Online]. Available: https://www.gasturb.com/Downloads/Manuals/GasTurb14.pdf. [Accessed: 17-Jul-2023].
  • T. J. Kotas, The exergy method of thermal plant analysis. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1985. O. Balli, “Advanced exergy analyses of an aircraft turboprop engine (TPE),” Energy, vol. 124, pp. 599–612, Apr. 2017.
  • Y. A. Çengel and M. A. Boles. “Thermodynamics: an engineering approach,” Eighth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2015.
  • A. Bejan and D. L. Siems, “The need for exergy analysis and thermodynamic optimization in aircraft development,” Exergy, An International Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 14–24, Jan. 2001.
  • C. T. Yucer, “Thermodynamic analysis of the part load performance for a small scale gas turbine jet engine by using exergy analysis method,” Energy, vol. 111, pp. 251–259, Sep. 2016.
  • H. Caliskan, S. Ekici, and Y. Sohret, “Advanced exergy analysis of a turbojet engine main components considering mexogenous, endogenous, exegenous, avoidable and unavoidable exergy destructions,” Propulsion and Power Research, Aug. 2022.
  • R. Atilgan and Onder Turan, “Economy and exergy of aircraft turboprop engine at dynamic loads,” Energy, vol. 213, p. 118827, Dec. 2020.
  • M. Vera-Morales, and C.A. Hall,. “Modeling performance and emissions from aircraft in the aviation integrated modelling project,” Journal of Aircraft, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 812-819, 2010.
Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 109 - 122, 01.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1332160

Abstract

References

  • S. Gudmundsson, “Thrust Modeling for Gas Turbines,” in General Aviation Aircraft Design, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2022, pp. 573-595.
  • R. Sangi and D. Müller, “Application of the second law of thermodynamics to control: A review,” Energy, vol. 174, pp. 938–953, May 2019.
  • C. E. Keutenedjian Mady, C. Reis Pinto, and M. Torelli Reis Martins Pereira, “Application of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Brazilian Residential Appliances towards a Rational Use of Energy,” Entropy, vol. 22, no. 6, p. 616, Jun. 2020.
  • T. K. Ibrahim et al., “Thermal performance of gas turbine power plant based on exergy analysis,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 115, pp. 977–985, Mar. 2017.
  • C. T. Yucer, “Thermodynamic analysis of the part load performance for a small scale gas turbine jet engine by using exergy analysis method,” Energy, vol. 111, pp. 251–259, Sep. 2016.
  • S. Manigandan, A. E. Atabani, V. K. Ponnusamy, and P. Gunasekar, “Impact of additives in Jet-A fuel blends on combustion, emission and exergetic analysis using a micro-gas turbine engine,” Fuel, vol. 276, p. 118104, Sep. 2020.
  • C. Cai, Q. Zheng, J. Fang, H. Chen, C. Chen, and H. Zhang, “Performance assessment for a novel supersonic turbine engine with variable geometry and fuel precooled: From feasibility, exergy, thermoeconomic perspectives,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 225, p. 120227, May 2023.
  • H. Y. Akdeniz, O. Balli, and H. Caliskan, “Energy, exergy, economic, environmental, energy based economic, exergoeconomic and enviroeconomic (7E) analyses of a jet fueled turbofan type of aircraft engine,” Fuel, vol. 322, p. 124165, Aug. 2022.
  • O. Turan, “Exergo-economic analysis of a CFM56-7B turbofan engine,” Energy, vol. 259, p. 124936, Nov. 2022.
  • O. Balli, “Exergy modeling for evaluating sustainability level of a high by-pass turbofan engine used on commercial aircrafts,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 123, pp. 138–155, Aug. 2017.
  • H. Aygun and O. Turan, “Analysis of cruise conditions on energy, exergy and NOx emission parameters of a turbofan engine for middle-range aircraft,” Energy, vol. 267, p. 126468, Mar. 2023.
  • E. Koruyucu, S. Ekici, and T.H. Karakoc, “Performing thermodynamic analysis by simulating the general characteristics of the two-spool turbojet engine suitable for drone and UAV propulsion,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 145, no. 3, p. 1303-1315, Jan. 2021.
  • A. Dinc, H. Caliskan, S. Ekici, and Y. Sohret, “Thermodynamic-based environmental and enviroeconomic assessments of a turboprop engine used for freight aircrafts under different flight phases,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 147, pp. 12693–12707, Jul 2022.
  • Y. Şöhret, S. Ekici, and A. Dinc, “Investigating the green performance limits of a cargo aircraft engine during flight: a thermo-environmental evaluation,” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, pp. 1-16, Dec 2021.
  • S. Ekici, “Design of Unmanned Helicopter Equipped with Turboshaft Engine for Agriculture Spraying Mission Based on Thermodynamic Analysis,” Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 532-546, Mar. 2020.
  • K. Coban, Y. Şöhret, C. O. Colpan, and T. H. Karakoç, “Exergetic and exergoeconomic assessment of a small-scale turbojet fuelled with biodiesel,” Energy, vol. 140, pp. 1358–1367, Dec. 2017.
  • S. Ekici, İ. Orhan, Y. Şöhret, Ö. Altuntaş, T. H. Karakoç, “Calculating Endogenous and Exogenous Exergy Destruction for an Experimental Turbojet Engine,” International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 233-240, May 2022.
  • P.Jeschke, J.Kurzke, R. Schaber, and C. Riegler. “Preliminary gas turbine design using the multidisciplinary design system mopeds,” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, vol. 126, no. 2, Apr. 2004.
  • EASA, “TYPE-CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/downloads/7689/en. [Accessed: 17-Jul-2023].
  • Jet-Engine, “Civil turbojet/turbofan specifications.” [Online]. Available: https://www.jet-engine.net/civtfspec.htm. [Accessed: 17-Jul-2023].
  • D. N. M. P. Paulo, “Exergy Analysis of a Turbofan Engine,” MSc, Aerospace Sciences of the University of Beira Interior, 2018.
  • GasTurb, “Design and Off-Design Performance of Gas Turbines,” [Online]. Available: https://www.gasturb.com/Downloads/Manuals/GasTurb14.pdf. [Accessed: 17-Jul-2023].
  • T. J. Kotas, The exergy method of thermal plant analysis. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1985. O. Balli, “Advanced exergy analyses of an aircraft turboprop engine (TPE),” Energy, vol. 124, pp. 599–612, Apr. 2017.
  • Y. A. Çengel and M. A. Boles. “Thermodynamics: an engineering approach,” Eighth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2015.
  • A. Bejan and D. L. Siems, “The need for exergy analysis and thermodynamic optimization in aircraft development,” Exergy, An International Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 14–24, Jan. 2001.
  • C. T. Yucer, “Thermodynamic analysis of the part load performance for a small scale gas turbine jet engine by using exergy analysis method,” Energy, vol. 111, pp. 251–259, Sep. 2016.
  • H. Caliskan, S. Ekici, and Y. Sohret, “Advanced exergy analysis of a turbojet engine main components considering mexogenous, endogenous, exegenous, avoidable and unavoidable exergy destructions,” Propulsion and Power Research, Aug. 2022.
  • R. Atilgan and Onder Turan, “Economy and exergy of aircraft turboprop engine at dynamic loads,” Energy, vol. 213, p. 118827, Dec. 2020.
  • M. Vera-Morales, and C.A. Hall,. “Modeling performance and emissions from aircraft in the aviation integrated modelling project,” Journal of Aircraft, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 812-819, 2010.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Gas Dynamics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Orhan Kalkan 0000-0002-9664-1819

Publication Date March 1, 2024
Submission Date July 24, 2023
Acceptance Date January 8, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE O. Kalkan, “A COMMERCIAL TURBOFAN ENGINE MODELING AND EXERGY ANALYSIS”, KONJES, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 109–122, 2024, doi: 10.36306/konjes.1332160.