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The Effect of Playing a Musical Instrument on Aggression and the Vulnerability to Stress in Young Adults

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 387 - 398, 25.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/CONS2024-1539510

Abstract

This study examined the effects of playing musical instruments on the vulnerability to stress and aggression levels of young adults. The sample group of the study consisted of 223 young adults between the ages of 18-30. The data of the study were obtained using the Buss-Perry Aggression Scale and Stress Control 4.2-OS (Vulnerability) scales. Since the data met the normality assumption, parametric tests were used. The results of the study showed that individuals who played musical instruments had significantly lower levels of physical aggression, anger, and vulnerability to stress than individuals who did not play musical instruments. In addition, it was found that the level of physical aggression, anger, and vulnerability to stress decreased as the duration of playing an instrument increased. The results show that participation in playing musical instruments has a beneficial effect on reducing aggressive behavior and improving stress management skills.

References

  • Allen, K., Golden, L. H., Izzo Jr, J. L., Ching, M. I., Forrest, A., Niles, C. R., Niswander, P. R., & Barlow, J. C. (2001). Normalization of hypertensive responses during ambulatory surgical stress by perioperative music. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63(3), 487-492. https: //doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200105000-00019 google scholar
  • Aristotle. (1984). Poetics (S. H. Butcher, Trans.). Dover Publications. google scholar
  • Bao, S., Chan, V. T., & Merzenich, M. M. (2001). Cortical remodeling induced by activity of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons. Nature, 412, 79-83. google scholar
  • Barclay, G., & Turnberg, L. (1987). Effect of psychological stress on salt and water transport in the human jejunum. Gastroenterology, 93, 91-97. google scholar
  • Baron, R. A., & Richardson, D. R. (1994). Human aggression. Plenum Press. google scholar
  • Basinska, M. A., Kruczek, A., Borzyszkowska, A., Goralska, K., Grzankowska, I., & Soltys, M. (2021). Flexibility in coping with stress questionnaire: Structure and psychometric properties. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 9, 179-194. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp. 2021.106412 google scholar
  • Batrinos, M. L. (2012). Testosterone and aggressive behavior in man. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10(3), 563-568. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.3661 google scholar
  • Baum, A., Garofalo, J. P., & Yali, A. M. (1999). Socioeconomic status and chronic stress: Does stress account for SES effects on health? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 131-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08111.x google scholar
  • Bhatia, V., & Tandon, R. K. (2005). Stress and the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 20, 332-339. google scholar
  • Blood, A. J., & Zatorre, R. J. (2001). Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98(20), 11818-11823.https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.191355898 google scholar
  • Boadi, C., & Kolog, E. A. (2021). Social media aggression: An assessment based on the contemporary deterrence theory. In AMCIS 2021 Proceedings (pp. 7). Retrieved from https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2021/virtual_communities/virtual_communities/7 google scholar
  • Bremner, J. D. (1999). Does stress damage the brain? Biological Psychiatry, 45, 797-805. google scholar
  • Burns, J., Labbe, E., Williams, K., & McCall, J. (1999). Perceived and physiological indicators of relaxation: As different as Mozart and Alice in Chains. Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback, 24, 197-202. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023488614364 google scholar
  • Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452-459. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452 google scholar
  • Buss, A. H., & Warren, W. L. (2000). The Aggression Questionnaire Manual. Western Psychological Services. google scholar
  • Can, S. (2002). The Validity and Reliability Study of the Aggression Questionnaire in the Turkish Population (Publication No: 118313) [Specialization Thesis, GATA Haydarpaşa Training Hospital Psychiatry Department]. YÖK. https://tez.yok.gov.tr google scholar
  • Collins, S. M. (2001). Modulation of intestinal inflammation by stress: Basic mechanisms and clinical relevance. American Journal of Physiology, 280, G315-G318. google scholar
  • Davidson, J. W., Howe, M. J. A., & Sloboda, J. A. (1997). Environmental factors in the development of musical performance skill in the first twenty years of life. In D. J. Hargreaves & A. C. North (Eds.), The social psychology of music (pp. 188-206). Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill. google scholar
  • Gangrade, A. (2012). The effect of music on the production of neurotransmitters, hormones, cytokines, and peptides: A review. Music and Medicine, 4, 40-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1943862111415117 google scholar
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update. Allyn & Bacon. google scholar
  • Hahs-Vaughn, D. L., & Lomax, R. G. (2013). An introduction to statistical concepts. Routledge. google scholar
  • Hallam, S., & Rogers, K. (2016). The impact of instrumental music learning on attainment at age 16: A pilot study. British Journal of Music Education, 33(3), 247-261. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265051716000103 google scholar
  • Hanna-Pladdy, B., & Mackay, A. (2011). The relation between instrumental musical activity and cognitive aging. Neuropsychology, 25(3), 378-386. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021895 google scholar
  • Herholz, S. C., & Zatorre, R. J. (2012). Musical training as a framework for brain plasticity: Behavior, function, and structure. Neuron, 76(3), 486-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.011 google scholar
  • Hewitt, P., & Flett, G. (2002). Perfectionism and stress processes in psychopathology. In G. Flett & P. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 255-284). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10458-011 google scholar
  • Holroyd, K. A., & Lazarus, R. S. (1982). Stress, coping and somatic adaptation. In L. E. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (pp. 21-35). Free Press. google scholar
  • Kim, H. S., & Kim, H. S. (2018). Effect of a musical instrument performance program on emotional intelligence, anxiety, and aggression in Korean elementary school children. Psychology of Music, 46(3), 440-453. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735617729028 google scholar
  • Knight, W. E., & Rickard, N. S. (2001). Relaxing music prevents stress-induced increases in subjective anxiety, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate in healthy men and women. Journal of Music Therapy, 38(4), 254-272. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/38.4.254 google scholar
  • Kreutz, G., Bongard, S., Rohrmann, S., Hodapp, V., & Grebe, D. (2004). Effects of choir singing or listening on secretory immunoglobulin A, cortisol, and emotional state. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 27(6), 623-635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-004-0006-9 google scholar
  • Lardinois, M., Lataster, T., Mengelers, R., Van Os, J., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2011). Childhood trauma and increased stress sensitivity in psychosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 123(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01594.x google scholar
  • Levinson, D. J. (1986). A conception of adult development. American Psychologist, 41(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.1.3 google scholar
  • Martin, A. J. (2008). Motivation and engagement in music and sport: Testing a multidimensional framework in diverse performance settings. Journal of Personality, 76(1), 135-170. google scholar
  • McPherson, G. E. (2005). From child to musician: Skill development during the beginning stages of learning an instrument. Psychology of Music, 33(1), 5-35. google scholar
  • Menon, V., Sarkar, S., Kattimani, S., & Mathan, K. (2015). Do personality traits such as impulsivity and hostility-aggressiveness predict severity of intent in attempted suicide? Findings from a record based study in South India. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 37(4), 393-398. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.168563 google scholar
  • Miller, L. H., Smith, A. D., & Mehler, B. L. (1988). The stress audit manual. Brooklyn. google scholar
  • Moffitt, T. E., Klaus-Grawe 2012 Think Tank. (2013). Childhood exposure to violence and lifelong health: Clinical intervention science and stress-biology research join forces. Development and Psychopathology, 25(4 Pt 2), 1619-1634. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000801 google scholar
  • Moriya, J., & Takahashi, Y. (2013). Depression and interpersonal stress: The mediating role of emotion regulation. Motivation and Emotion, 37(3), 600-608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-012-9323-4 google scholar
  • Neinstein, L. (2016). Adolescent and young adult healthcare: A practical guide (6th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. google scholar
  • Selye, H. A. (1975). Confusion and controversy in the stress field. Journal of Human Stress, 1, 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/0097840X.1975. 9940406 google scholar
  • Siever, L. J. (2008). Neurobiology of aggression and violence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(4), 429-442. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi. ajp.2008.07111774 google scholar
  • Şahin, N. H., & Durak, A. (1994). Occupational stress and job satisfaction: The case of banking personnel. 23rd International Congress of Applied Psychology, Book of Abstracts, Madrid, (72), 17-22. google scholar Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5). Pearson. google scholar
  • The World Health Organization. (2023). Stress. https://applications.emro.who.int/docs/WHOEMMNH236E-eng.pdf?ua=1. Access date: 13.04.2024. google scholar
  • Toyoshima, K., Fukui, H., & Kuda, K. (2011). Piano playing reduces stress more than other creative art activities. International Journal of Music Education, 29, 257-263. https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761411408505 google scholar

Enstrüman Çalmanın Genç Yetişkinlerin Saldırganlık ve Strese Yatkınlık Düzeyleri Üzerindeki Etkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 387 - 398, 25.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/CONS2024-1539510

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı enstrüman çalmanın genç yetişkinlerin strese yatkınlık ve saldırganlık düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu 18-30 yaş arası 223 genç yetişkin oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın verileri Buss-Perry Saldırganlık Ölçeği, Stres Denetimi 4.2-OS (Yatkınlık) ölçekleri kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Verilerin normallik varsayımını karşılaması nedeniyle verilerin analizinde parametrik testler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, enstrüman çalan bireylerin çalmayanlara göre fiziksel saldırganlık, öfke ve strese yatkınlık düzeylerinin anlamlı şekilde düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca enstrüman çalma süresi arttıkça fiziksel saldırganlık, öfke ve strese yatkınlık düzeyinin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, enstrüman çalmanın genç yetişkinlerde saldırgan davranışların azaltılmasında ve stres yönetimi yeteneklerinin geliştirilmesinde olumlu bir etki yarattığını göstermektedir.

References

  • Allen, K., Golden, L. H., Izzo Jr, J. L., Ching, M. I., Forrest, A., Niles, C. R., Niswander, P. R., & Barlow, J. C. (2001). Normalization of hypertensive responses during ambulatory surgical stress by perioperative music. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63(3), 487-492. https: //doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200105000-00019 google scholar
  • Aristotle. (1984). Poetics (S. H. Butcher, Trans.). Dover Publications. google scholar
  • Bao, S., Chan, V. T., & Merzenich, M. M. (2001). Cortical remodeling induced by activity of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons. Nature, 412, 79-83. google scholar
  • Barclay, G., & Turnberg, L. (1987). Effect of psychological stress on salt and water transport in the human jejunum. Gastroenterology, 93, 91-97. google scholar
  • Baron, R. A., & Richardson, D. R. (1994). Human aggression. Plenum Press. google scholar
  • Basinska, M. A., Kruczek, A., Borzyszkowska, A., Goralska, K., Grzankowska, I., & Soltys, M. (2021). Flexibility in coping with stress questionnaire: Structure and psychometric properties. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 9, 179-194. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp. 2021.106412 google scholar
  • Batrinos, M. L. (2012). Testosterone and aggressive behavior in man. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10(3), 563-568. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.3661 google scholar
  • Baum, A., Garofalo, J. P., & Yali, A. M. (1999). Socioeconomic status and chronic stress: Does stress account for SES effects on health? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 131-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08111.x google scholar
  • Bhatia, V., & Tandon, R. K. (2005). Stress and the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 20, 332-339. google scholar
  • Blood, A. J., & Zatorre, R. J. (2001). Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98(20), 11818-11823.https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.191355898 google scholar
  • Boadi, C., & Kolog, E. A. (2021). Social media aggression: An assessment based on the contemporary deterrence theory. In AMCIS 2021 Proceedings (pp. 7). Retrieved from https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2021/virtual_communities/virtual_communities/7 google scholar
  • Bremner, J. D. (1999). Does stress damage the brain? Biological Psychiatry, 45, 797-805. google scholar
  • Burns, J., Labbe, E., Williams, K., & McCall, J. (1999). Perceived and physiological indicators of relaxation: As different as Mozart and Alice in Chains. Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback, 24, 197-202. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023488614364 google scholar
  • Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452-459. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452 google scholar
  • Buss, A. H., & Warren, W. L. (2000). The Aggression Questionnaire Manual. Western Psychological Services. google scholar
  • Can, S. (2002). The Validity and Reliability Study of the Aggression Questionnaire in the Turkish Population (Publication No: 118313) [Specialization Thesis, GATA Haydarpaşa Training Hospital Psychiatry Department]. YÖK. https://tez.yok.gov.tr google scholar
  • Collins, S. M. (2001). Modulation of intestinal inflammation by stress: Basic mechanisms and clinical relevance. American Journal of Physiology, 280, G315-G318. google scholar
  • Davidson, J. W., Howe, M. J. A., & Sloboda, J. A. (1997). Environmental factors in the development of musical performance skill in the first twenty years of life. In D. J. Hargreaves & A. C. North (Eds.), The social psychology of music (pp. 188-206). Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill. google scholar
  • Gangrade, A. (2012). The effect of music on the production of neurotransmitters, hormones, cytokines, and peptides: A review. Music and Medicine, 4, 40-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1943862111415117 google scholar
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update. Allyn & Bacon. google scholar
  • Hahs-Vaughn, D. L., & Lomax, R. G. (2013). An introduction to statistical concepts. Routledge. google scholar
  • Hallam, S., & Rogers, K. (2016). The impact of instrumental music learning on attainment at age 16: A pilot study. British Journal of Music Education, 33(3), 247-261. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265051716000103 google scholar
  • Hanna-Pladdy, B., & Mackay, A. (2011). The relation between instrumental musical activity and cognitive aging. Neuropsychology, 25(3), 378-386. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021895 google scholar
  • Herholz, S. C., & Zatorre, R. J. (2012). Musical training as a framework for brain plasticity: Behavior, function, and structure. Neuron, 76(3), 486-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.011 google scholar
  • Hewitt, P., & Flett, G. (2002). Perfectionism and stress processes in psychopathology. In G. Flett & P. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 255-284). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10458-011 google scholar
  • Holroyd, K. A., & Lazarus, R. S. (1982). Stress, coping and somatic adaptation. In L. E. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (pp. 21-35). Free Press. google scholar
  • Kim, H. S., & Kim, H. S. (2018). Effect of a musical instrument performance program on emotional intelligence, anxiety, and aggression in Korean elementary school children. Psychology of Music, 46(3), 440-453. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735617729028 google scholar
  • Knight, W. E., & Rickard, N. S. (2001). Relaxing music prevents stress-induced increases in subjective anxiety, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate in healthy men and women. Journal of Music Therapy, 38(4), 254-272. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/38.4.254 google scholar
  • Kreutz, G., Bongard, S., Rohrmann, S., Hodapp, V., & Grebe, D. (2004). Effects of choir singing or listening on secretory immunoglobulin A, cortisol, and emotional state. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 27(6), 623-635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-004-0006-9 google scholar
  • Lardinois, M., Lataster, T., Mengelers, R., Van Os, J., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2011). Childhood trauma and increased stress sensitivity in psychosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 123(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01594.x google scholar
  • Levinson, D. J. (1986). A conception of adult development. American Psychologist, 41(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.1.3 google scholar
  • Martin, A. J. (2008). Motivation and engagement in music and sport: Testing a multidimensional framework in diverse performance settings. Journal of Personality, 76(1), 135-170. google scholar
  • McPherson, G. E. (2005). From child to musician: Skill development during the beginning stages of learning an instrument. Psychology of Music, 33(1), 5-35. google scholar
  • Menon, V., Sarkar, S., Kattimani, S., & Mathan, K. (2015). Do personality traits such as impulsivity and hostility-aggressiveness predict severity of intent in attempted suicide? Findings from a record based study in South India. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 37(4), 393-398. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.168563 google scholar
  • Miller, L. H., Smith, A. D., & Mehler, B. L. (1988). The stress audit manual. Brooklyn. google scholar
  • Moffitt, T. E., Klaus-Grawe 2012 Think Tank. (2013). Childhood exposure to violence and lifelong health: Clinical intervention science and stress-biology research join forces. Development and Psychopathology, 25(4 Pt 2), 1619-1634. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000801 google scholar
  • Moriya, J., & Takahashi, Y. (2013). Depression and interpersonal stress: The mediating role of emotion regulation. Motivation and Emotion, 37(3), 600-608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-012-9323-4 google scholar
  • Neinstein, L. (2016). Adolescent and young adult healthcare: A practical guide (6th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. google scholar
  • Selye, H. A. (1975). Confusion and controversy in the stress field. Journal of Human Stress, 1, 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/0097840X.1975. 9940406 google scholar
  • Siever, L. J. (2008). Neurobiology of aggression and violence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(4), 429-442. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi. ajp.2008.07111774 google scholar
  • Şahin, N. H., & Durak, A. (1994). Occupational stress and job satisfaction: The case of banking personnel. 23rd International Congress of Applied Psychology, Book of Abstracts, Madrid, (72), 17-22. google scholar Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5). Pearson. google scholar
  • The World Health Organization. (2023). Stress. https://applications.emro.who.int/docs/WHOEMMNH236E-eng.pdf?ua=1. Access date: 13.04.2024. google scholar
  • Toyoshima, K., Fukui, H., & Kuda, K. (2011). Piano playing reduces stress more than other creative art activities. International Journal of Music Education, 29, 257-263. https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761411408505 google scholar
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Music (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İlker Kömürcü 0000-0001-5692-4040

Publication Date December 25, 2024
Submission Date August 27, 2024
Acceptance Date November 27, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kömürcü, İ. (2024). The Effect of Playing a Musical Instrument on Aggression and the Vulnerability to Stress in Young Adults. Konservatoryum, 11(2), 387-398. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONS2024-1539510