Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Edebiyatta Büyülü Gerçekçiliğin Sınırları

Year 2023, Issue: 13, 476 - 488, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.51531/korkutataturkiyat.1396922

Abstract

Birbirine zıt görünümdeki gerçekçi, fantastik, sıradan, olağan dışı, doğal, doğaüstü, normal, anormal gibi özelliklere sahip olan büyülü gerçekçilik bunları kendi potasında eritip uyum içinde okuyucuya sunar. Bu çalışma büyülü gerçekçiliğin ortaya çıkış sebeplerini ve resimde ortaya çıkışından sonra edebiyat eleştirisinde nasıl kullanılmaya başlandığını açıklarken farklı edebiyatların ünlü eserlerinden örnekler göstererek onu diğer türlerden ayıran özelliklerine değinmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Aynı zamanda büyülü gerçekçilik ve onunla aynı anlamda kullanılan Latin Amerika’da ortaya çıkan olağanüstü gerçekçiliği karşılaştırarak ikisi arasındaki farkları ortaya koymaktadır. Edebiyat kavramlarına eleştirmenlerce çizilen sınırları aşan ve hatta bu sınırları birbirine katan bu terimin tanımlanmasında zorluk yaşansa da diğer türlerden farklılığını ortaya koyan belirli özellikleri ihtiva ettiği de görülmektedir. Büyülü gerçekçiliğin tarihi Franz Roh tarafından Avrupa resminde ilk keşfedildiği 1920’lere dayanır ve daha sonra edebiyat çevrelerine yayılır. Edebiyattaki ilk örneklerine Latin Amerika eserlerinde rastlanan büyülü gerçekçilik daha sonra diğer uluslar tarafından da benimsenir. Farklı türleri kaynaştırdığı için melez olarak da kabul edilen bu tür, Latin Amerika edebiyatının yanısıra Avrupa edebiyatında da kullanım farklılıklarına sahip olarak kendini göstermektedir. Bu türü barındıran çalışmalarda sıra dışı ve doğaüstü olan olaylar biyografi ve tarih gibi kurgusal kabul edilmeyen yazı tekniklerine başvurularak sıradanmış gibi anlatılmakta ve hikâyeyi daha gerçekçi kılmak için içinde bulunduğumuz dünyaya benzer bir dünyada sunulmaktadır.

References

  • Bowers, M. A. (2004). Magic(al) Realism. Routledge.
  • Carter, A. (1991). Wise Children. Vintage.
  • Chanady, A. B. (1995). Territorialization of the Imaginary. In L. Zamora & W. B. Faris (Ed.), Magical Realism (pp. 125-144). Duke University Pres.
  • Dombroski, R. (1996). The Rise and Fall of Fascism. In P. Brand & L. Pertile (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Italian Literature (pp. 491-532). Cambridge University Pres.
  • Durix, J. P. (1998). Mimesis, Genres and Post-Colonial Discourse: Deconstructing Magic Realism. St. Martin’s Pres.
  • Echevarría, R. G. (1977). Alejo Carpentier, the Pilgrime at Home. Cornell University Pres.
  • Esquivel, L. (1993). Like Water for Chocolate (C. Christensen & T. Christensen, Trans.). Black Swan. Faris, W. B. (1995). Scheherazade’s Children. In L. Zamora & W. B. Faris (Ed.), Magical Realism (pp. 163-190). Duke University Pres.
  • Guenther, I. (1995). Magic Realism, New Objectivity, and the Arts During the Weimar Republic. In L. Zamora & W. B. Faris (Ed.), Magical Realism (pp. 33-73). Duke University Pres.
  • Hadjetian, S. (2008). Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Feminism. Grin Verlag.
  • Hegerfeldt, A. C. (2005). Lies that Tell the Truth: Magic Realism Seen through Contemporary Fiction from Britain. Editions Rodopi B.V.
  • Lodge, D. (1977). The Modes of Modern Writing: Metaphor, Metonymy, and the Typology of Modern Literature. Arnold.
  • Lopez, A. J. (2001). Reason, ‘The Native’ and Desire: A Theory of Magical Realism. In Posts and Pasts: A Theory of Postcolonialism (pp. 143-204). SUNY Pres.
  • Menton, S. (1983). Magic Realism Rediscovered, 1918-1981. Art Alliance Pres.
  • Robbe-Grillet, A. (1965). From Realism to Reality. In R. Howard (Ed.), For a New Novel: Essays on Fiction (pp. 157-168). Grove Pres.
  • Jameson, F. (1986). On Magic Realism in Film. Critical Inquiry, 12(2), 301-325.
  • Simpkins, S. (1995). Sources of Magic Realism/Supplements to Realism in Contemporary Latin American Literature. In L. Zamora & W. B. Faris (Ed.), Magical Realism (pp.145-159). Duke University Pres.
  • Spindler, W. (1993). Magic Realism: A Typology. Forum for Modern Language Studies, 39(1), 75-85.
  • Todorov, T. (1975). The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Genre (R. Howard, Trans.). Cornell University Pres.
  • Roh, F. (1995). Magic Realism: Post-Expressionism. In L. Zamora & W. B. Faris (Eds.), Magical Realism (pp. 15-31). Duke University Pres.
  • Rubinson, G. J. (2005). The Fiction of Rushdie, Barnes, Winterson and Carter: Breaking Cultural and Literary Boundaries in the Work of Four Postmodernists. McFarland.
  • Schroeder, S. (2004). Rediscovering Magic Realism in the Americas. Praeger Pub Text.
  • Zamora, L. P., & Faris, W. B. (1995). Introduction: Daiquiri Birds and Flaubertian Parrot(ie)s. In L. Zamora & W. B. Faris (Ed.), Magical Realism. Duke University Pres.

The Borders of Magic Realism in Literature

Year 2023, Issue: 13, 476 - 488, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.51531/korkutataturkiyat.1396922

Abstract

Magic realism possesses opposing characteristics such as realist, fantastic, ordinary, extraordinary, natural, supernatural, normal, abnormal, yet presents them in harmony by skillfully melting them in its pot. This study, while explaining the reasons for the emergence of magical realism and how it began to be used in literary criticism after its emergence in painting, aims to mention the features that distinguish it from other genres by showing examples from famous works of different literatures. It also reveals the differences between magical realism and Latin American marvellous realism, which is used synonymously. Although it is difficult to define this term, which exceeds the boundaries drawn by critics for literary concepts and even combines these boundaries, it seems that it contains certain features that reveal its difference from other genres. The history of magical realism dates back to the 1920s, when it was first discovered in European painting by Franz Roh and later spread to literary circles. Magical realism, whose first examples in literature are found in Latin American works, is later adopted by other nations. This genre, which is considered as a hybrid because it combines different genres, shows itself with differences in usage in European literature as well as Latin American literature. In the works that contain this genre, extraordinary and supernatural events are described as if they were ordinary by applying non-fictional writing techniques such as biography and history, and they are presented in a world similar to the one we live in in order to make the story more realistic.

References

  • Bowers, M. A. (2004). Magic(al) Realism. Routledge.
  • Carter, A. (1991). Wise Children. Vintage.
  • Chanady, A. B. (1995). Territorialization of the Imaginary. In L. Zamora & W. B. Faris (Ed.), Magical Realism (pp. 125-144). Duke University Pres.
  • Dombroski, R. (1996). The Rise and Fall of Fascism. In P. Brand & L. Pertile (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Italian Literature (pp. 491-532). Cambridge University Pres.
  • Durix, J. P. (1998). Mimesis, Genres and Post-Colonial Discourse: Deconstructing Magic Realism. St. Martin’s Pres.
  • Echevarría, R. G. (1977). Alejo Carpentier, the Pilgrime at Home. Cornell University Pres.
  • Esquivel, L. (1993). Like Water for Chocolate (C. Christensen & T. Christensen, Trans.). Black Swan. Faris, W. B. (1995). Scheherazade’s Children. In L. Zamora & W. B. Faris (Ed.), Magical Realism (pp. 163-190). Duke University Pres.
  • Guenther, I. (1995). Magic Realism, New Objectivity, and the Arts During the Weimar Republic. In L. Zamora & W. B. Faris (Ed.), Magical Realism (pp. 33-73). Duke University Pres.
  • Hadjetian, S. (2008). Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Feminism. Grin Verlag.
  • Hegerfeldt, A. C. (2005). Lies that Tell the Truth: Magic Realism Seen through Contemporary Fiction from Britain. Editions Rodopi B.V.
  • Lodge, D. (1977). The Modes of Modern Writing: Metaphor, Metonymy, and the Typology of Modern Literature. Arnold.
  • Lopez, A. J. (2001). Reason, ‘The Native’ and Desire: A Theory of Magical Realism. In Posts and Pasts: A Theory of Postcolonialism (pp. 143-204). SUNY Pres.
  • Menton, S. (1983). Magic Realism Rediscovered, 1918-1981. Art Alliance Pres.
  • Robbe-Grillet, A. (1965). From Realism to Reality. In R. Howard (Ed.), For a New Novel: Essays on Fiction (pp. 157-168). Grove Pres.
  • Jameson, F. (1986). On Magic Realism in Film. Critical Inquiry, 12(2), 301-325.
  • Simpkins, S. (1995). Sources of Magic Realism/Supplements to Realism in Contemporary Latin American Literature. In L. Zamora & W. B. Faris (Ed.), Magical Realism (pp.145-159). Duke University Pres.
  • Spindler, W. (1993). Magic Realism: A Typology. Forum for Modern Language Studies, 39(1), 75-85.
  • Todorov, T. (1975). The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Genre (R. Howard, Trans.). Cornell University Pres.
  • Roh, F. (1995). Magic Realism: Post-Expressionism. In L. Zamora & W. B. Faris (Eds.), Magical Realism (pp. 15-31). Duke University Pres.
  • Rubinson, G. J. (2005). The Fiction of Rushdie, Barnes, Winterson and Carter: Breaking Cultural and Literary Boundaries in the Work of Four Postmodernists. McFarland.
  • Schroeder, S. (2004). Rediscovering Magic Realism in the Americas. Praeger Pub Text.
  • Zamora, L. P., & Faris, W. B. (1995). Introduction: Daiquiri Birds and Flaubertian Parrot(ie)s. In L. Zamora & W. B. Faris (Ed.), Magical Realism. Duke University Pres.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Literary Theory
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Kevser Ateş 0000-0002-1462-1030

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date November 27, 2023
Acceptance Date December 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 13

Cite

APA Ateş, K. (2023). Edebiyatta Büyülü Gerçekçiliğin Sınırları. Korkut Ata Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(13), 476-488. https://doi.org/10.51531/korkutataturkiyat.1396922