Endüstri Küreselleşmesi: Türk Ict Sektörünün Küreselleşmesine İlişkin Ampirik Bir Analiz (2000-2007)

Abstract

Enformasyon ve iletişim teknolojileri (ICT) bir yandan ürünleriyle küreselleşmeye katkıda bulunurken, diğer yandan süreçten etkilenen sektörlerin başında gelmektedir. Sektörün yenilikçi, yayılgan ve hızla gelişme performansına sahip olması dünya çapında bir ilgiyi üzerine çekmektedir. ICT’lerin belirtilen özelliklerinden kaynaklanan dinamizmi sektörde rekabetin küresel ölçekte gerçekleşmesini sağlarken, aynı zamanda endüstrinin küreselleşme düzeyini de yükseltmektedir. Literatürde endüstrilerin küreselleşmesi çoklu-yerliden entegre küresele doğru derecelendirilmektedir. Türk ICT sektörünün bu yelpazede yerini belirlemek amacıyla, sektörü temsil ettiği varsayılan telekomünikasyon cihazları ve bilgisayar cihazları başlığı altında Türkiye’nin ihracat, ithalat ve üretim verileri kullanılmıştır. 2000–2007 yılları kapsayan bu veriler Türk Elektronik Sanayicileri Derneği’nden temin edilmiştir. Türk ICT sektörünün çoklu-yerliden entegre küresele doğru bir derecelendirme içinde basit küresel düzeyde olduğu görülmektedir. Dış bağlantıları olmakla birlikte, bunların büyük oranda dışarıdan içeriye yönelik olması, sektörün entegre-küresel düzeye yaklaşması önünde kısıt oluşturmaktadır. Basit küresel aşamada bulunan Türk ICT endüstrisi, düşük ihracatın belirlediği endüstri içi ticaret ile yüksek uluslararası ticaret seviyesi tarafından karakterize edilmektedir. Bazı ICT ürünlerinin dış ülkelere gelişigüzel pazarlanmasıyla gerçekleşen ihracatın varlığı yanında, sektörün öncelikli hedefi yine de Türkiye pazarıdır

Keywords

• Endüstri Küreselleşmesi, Endüstri İçi Ticaret, Uluslararası Ticaret Seviyesi, Türk ICT Sektörü

Globalization Of Turkish Ict Sector: An Empirical Analysis (2000-2007)

Abstract

The significance of geographical distance diminishes because of ICT due to eliminating barriers ahead of investment and commerce in the world economy which has mutually dependence in globalization process. ICT sector which are ahead of mostly affected sectors from globalization makes substantial contribution to this process. Sector’s increasing capacity of improvement, pervasiveness and innovativeness elevates the globalization level. Emerging of innovations and existence of rapid development which advancing quality with declining prices are simultaneously materialized, yields to ICT sector a worldwide attention. Gaining dynamism through these qualities ICT sector turns into a stage for globally severe competition. Industry globalization can be categorized from multidomestic industry to integrated global industry. In order to distinguish international industry models, four different categories have been developed in which used Linkage of International Trade and Intra Industry Trade. Objective and comprehensible measurement of industry globalization needs to determine integration level of value added activities of firms within industry, among national borders, and also level of international linkage of industry. Dimension of international linkages and integration to value added activities can be measured at the industry level so that have explanatory characteristics . In order to determine globalization level of Turkish ICT sector, data for telecommunications and computer equipment sub sectors have been assumed as dummy variables. Export, import and production values have been used in calculation. These values obtained from TESID (Turkish Association of Electronics and Information Industries) have been used to calculate international trade level and intra industry level. This study covered the period of 2000 to 2007. As the globalization of industries rank from multidomestic to integrated globalization, it seems that Turkish ICT sector is in simple global level. There by, it should not be considered that the competition is independent from other countries. Although the sector has external linkages, as these are moved from outside to inside, it could be said that it has boundaries. Besides realized by uncoordinating export of goods to foreign countries, sector’s primary target is Turkish market. Turkish ICT sector, stationed in simple global level, is characterized by high international trade level and intra industry trade which is determined by low export. Even though commercial activities have essential roles in the industry, the export’s share is quite small in these activities.

Keywords

• Industry Globalization, Intra-Industry Trade, Level of International Trade, Turkish ICT Sector

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