Siyasette Dinin Rolü: Bir Analitik Kategori Olarak Toplumsal Kamusal Alan

Year 2021, , 143 - 161, 31.12.2021

Ravza Cakir

https://doi.org/10.35343/kosbed.923837

Abstract

Siyaset teorisi alanında kamusal alana ilişkin mevcut cumhuriyetçi ve liberal teoriler, çoğunluğu Müslüman olan bağlamlar için normatif ve pratik anlamda yetersiz kalmaktadır. Jürgen Habermas gibi az sayıda seçkin teorisyen, kamusal alanda din tartışmalarını yeniden ele alarak, özel ile kamusal ve dini ile siyasi sınırlar arasındaki yapay tartışmaların genişlemesini mümkün kılmıştır. 2000'lerin ortalarından bu yana, Habermas 'post-sekülerizm', 'dini hoşgörü' ve 'dini bilincin modernizasyonu' gibi kavramları ortaya koymuş ve 'informal’ ve ‘kurumsal’ kamusal alan' ayrımının önemini dile getirmiştir. Bu makale dini kollektif yaşamın sivil toplum dernekleri tarafından organize edildiği bir siyasi kamusal alan biçimi olarak sosyal kamusal alan ile laik devletin ortak kurumsal çerçeveyi kontrol ettiği yer olan devlet kamusal alanı arasında analitik bir ayrım yapmakta ve bunu kuramsallaştırmaktadır. Böylece siyasi laiklik ve dinin kamusal alandaki varlığının uzlaştırılmasının demokratikleşmeye sağlayacağı katkıyı din ile kamusal alandaki ilişkiye daha sofistike bir bakış sunarak irdelemektedir.

Keywords

Kamusal alan, din, laiklik, siyaset teorisi, Jürgen Habermas

The Role of Religion in Politics: The Analytical Category of the Social Public Sphere

Abstract

Within the realm of political theory, the existing republican and liberal theories of the public sphere have not been normatively and practically sufficient for Muslim-majority contexts. Few prominent scholars such as Jürgen Habermas have provided a revitalised approach to the discussions of religion in the public sphere, enabling an expansion of the artificial and controversial boundaries between the private and the public as well as the religious and the political. In his publications since the mid-2000s, Habermas has proposed the notions of ‘post-secularism,’ ‘religious tolerance,’ and the ‘modernization of religious consciousness’ and he significantly articulated new divisions for an ‘informal public sphere’ and an ‘institutional public sphere.’ In this article, I re-appropriate some of Habermas’ ideas to theorise about the analytically differentiated categories of social public sphere—a distinct form of a political public sphere where religious communal life is organised by civil society associations—and state public sphere—where the secular state controls the common institutional framework. The paper offers a more nuanced view of the relationship between religion and the public sphere as a way of reconciling political secularism and public religious presence that would help democratic consolidation in the Muslim world.

Keywords

Public sphere, religion, secularism, political theory, Jürgen Habermas

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