Sapma Sosyolojisinde Tartışmalı Bir Kavram: Pozitif Sapma

Öz

Çalışmada 1980 sonrası sapma sosyolojisi literatüründe tartışmalara konu olan pozitif sapma kavramı ele alınmaktadır. Bu çerçevede pozitif sapma kavramının sosyolojik çalışmalardaki kökenleri, ilk kullanımları ve değişimi ortaya konmaktadır. Ayrıca pozitif sapma kavramına ilişkin alan çalışmaları ve kavramsallaştırmaya yönelik eleştiriler değerlendirilmektedir. Pozitif sapma savunucuları ve eleştirileri değerlendirildiğinde pozitif sapma kavramının sapma sosyolojisindeki olumsuz eylemlere odaklanan klasik düşünceyi genişletmede ve toplumsal değişimi açıklamada faydalı bir kavram olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Diğer taraftan pozitif sapma kavramının netleştirilmesi adına pozitif sapma kavramı yeniden tanımlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda pozitif sapma idealleştirilmiş ahlak kuralları ile davranış normlarının farklılaştığı şart ve koşullarda ideal ahlak kurallarına uyan ve bu sebeple negatif ve pozitif tepkiler alan eylemler olarak tanımlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sapma
• sapma sosyolojisi
• pozitif sapma
• sosyoloji

A Controversial Concept in the Sociology of Deviance: Positive Deviance

Öz

In this study, the concept of positive deviance, which has been the subject of debates in the post-1980 sociology of deviance literature, is discussed. In this framework, the origins, first uses and changes of the concept of positive deviance in sociological studies are presented. In addition, field studies on the concept of positive deviance and criticisms against the conceptualization are evaluated. When the proponents and critics of positive deviance are evaluated, it is thought that the concept of positive deviance can be a useful concept in expanding the classical thought focusing on negative actions in the sociology of deviance and in explaining social change. On the other hand, in order to clarify the concept of positive deviance, the concept of positive deviance has been redefined. In this context, positive deviance is defined as actions that comply with the ideal moral rules under conditions and circumstances where idealized moral rules and behavioral norms differ and therefore receive negative and positive reactions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deviance
• deviance of sociology
• positive deviance
• sociology

Kaynakça

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