Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Nijerya'da Müslüman Hausalarda Geleneksel İnançların Kalıntıları

Year 2024, Issue: 43, 48 - 67, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.35209/ksuifd.1435535

Abstract

Hausalar Kuzeybatı Afrika’nın büyük bir kesiminde bulunan etnik kimlikli bir halktır. Hausalarda üç dini kimlik vardır. Birincisi ağırlıklı olarak güneyde bulunan Protestan ve Katolik Hıristiyan Hausalar, ikincisi kuzeyde yer alan Sünni Müslüman Hausalar ve bunlar arasında geleneksel inanç ve pratiklerini sürdüren geleneksel Hausalardır. Müslüman ve Hıristiyan olarak tanımlanan kişilerin nüfusu özellikle 21. yüzyıl ile birlikte artmaktadır. Ancak Müslüman veya Hıristiyan olan Hausalar arasında birçok geleneksel inanç ve uygulamaların da devam ettiği görülmektedir. Bu sebeple insanların birbirleri ile etno-politik ve dini çizgilerle ilişki kurduğu bir ortam gelişmiştir. Makalenin konusu bu ilişki ağında var olan İslam, geleneksel inanç taraftarları Maguzawalar ve onların takip ettiği Bori kültüdür. Bori, İslam öncesi Hausalarda merkezinde ruh inancı bulunan bir inanç bütünüdür. Bori kültünün İslam sonrasında da yaygın olarak inanılan ve uygulanan bir inanç olması Hausa Müslümanları arasında bir cihat hareketinin doğmasına sebep olmuştur. Özellikle Bori kültünün temelinde ruh inancına dayanıyor olması ve bu inancın İslam’da cin inancı ile bağdaştırılması ile İslami olmayan fakat Müslümanların uyguladığı bidatlar türemiştir. Hausa halkının İslam’ı kabul etmesi yüzyıllar sürmüştür. Süreç içerisinde İslami değerlerin geleneksel uygulamalarla birleştirilmesi 19. yüzyılda İslam âlimlerin harekete geçmesine neden olmuştur. Böylece İslam’ın diğer kült ve inançlardan arındırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ancak yüzyıllar boyu farklı inançlarla birlikte yaşanması sonucu olarak iç içe geçmiş bazı İslami ve geleneksel uygulamaların ayrışması kolay olmamıştır.

Ethical Statement

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

Sıradaki ilk sayıda yayınlanması dileği ile. Kolaylıklar. Teşekkürler. İyi çalışmalar

References

  • Abar, Emmanuel M. Islam, Christianity, Traditional Religions and P aditional Religions and Power Politics in olitics in Northern Nigeria Since Pre-Islamic Period. Andrews University, Doktora Tezi, 2019.
  • Abayd, Bushraa Abdalkazim ‎. ‎"Nijerya’da Etnik Yapı ve Jeopolitik Etkisi”. Al-Adab Dergisi 90/10 (2009), 306-339.
  • Ademola Adeleke. “Islam and Hausa Culture”. Lagos Notes and Records 10/1 (2004), 164-176.
  • Africanreligions. “Spirits (Bori/Iskoki) in Hausa Animism-African Religions”. Erişim 20 Şubat 2024. https://africanreligions.wordpress.com.
  • Ayoh’Omídire, Felix. “Diaspora: Deities (The Òrìṣà)”. ed. Falola, Toyin, and Akintunde Akinyemi. Encyclopedia of the Yoruba. Indiana (Bloomington): Indiana University Press, 2016.
  • Barkow, Jerome H. "Muslims and Maguzawa in North Central State, Nigeria:An Ethnographic Comparison". Canadian Journal of African Studies 7/1 (1973), 59-76.
  • Batrān, Abd-Al-’Azīz ’Abd-Allah. “A Contribution to the Biography of Shaikh Muḥammad Ibn ’Abd-Al-Karīm Ibn Muḥammad (Umar-a Mar) Al-Maghīlī, Al-Tilimsānī”. The Journal of African History 14/3 (1973), 381-394.
  • Bawa, Aisha Balarabe-Yandaki, Umar Aminu. "Spirituality, Power, and Feminism: Historical Narratives of Bori Practice among the Women in Sabon Birni District of Sokoto State". An International Journal of Arts and Humanities 8/1 (2019), 46-55.
  • Besmer, Fremont E. “Initiation into the "Bori" Cult: A Case Study in Ningi Town”. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 47/1 (1977), 1-13.
  • Dagimun, Mukhtar Umar. “Interaction between Islam and Hausa Culture After Sokoto Caliphate in Nigeria and The Role of Colonialists”. International Journal of Islamic Studies 5/2 (2021), 189-196.
  • Daneji, Abdalla Uba Adamu. “From Evolution to Revolution-The Kano Emirate:Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow”. Researchgate. Erişim 20 Şubat 2024. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368602049_From_Evolution_to_Revolution_- _The_Kano_Emirate_Yesterday_Today_and_Tomorrow. Gill, Deborah. Hausa Cultural Orientation California (Monterey): Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center, 2014.
  • Gilliland, Dean S. African Religion Meets Islam Religious Change in Northern Nigeria Lanham: University Press of America, 1986.
  • Hunwick, John O. "Aḥmad Bābā on Slavery". Sudanic Africa 11 (2000), 131-139.
  • Hunwick, John O.- O’Fahey, Rex Séan (eds.). Arabic Literature of Africa: The Writings of Central Sudanic Africa 2 Leiden/New York/Köln: E. J. Brill, 1995.
  • Kavas, Ahmet. “Osman b. Fûdî”. İslam Ansiklopedisi. 33/ 466-467. İstanbul:Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, 2013.
  • Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, 19/2, (1978) 173–93.
  • Nwaocha, Ogechukwu. “Conflict for the Survival of Bori Cult”. International Journal of Research in Arts and Social Sciences 9/2 (2017), 291-306.
  • Okagbue, Osita. “Deviants and Outcasts: Power and Politics in Hausa Bori Performances”. New Theatre Quarterly 24/3 (2008), 270-280.
  • Palmer, Herbert R. "The Kano Chronicle." The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 38, (1908), 58-98.
  • Robinson, Charles Henry- Henry, William Henry. Dictionary of the Hausa Language London: The University Press, 1899.
  • Sabiu, Ibrahim T.-Abdullahi, Mohammed S.-Zaniol, Fakhrul A. “Hausa People of Northern Nigeria and Their Development”. Asian People Journal 1/1 (2018), 179-189.
  • Salamone, Frank A. The Hausa of Nigeria Lanham: University Press of America, 2009.
  • Sasu, Doris Dokua. “Distribution of Ethnic Groups in Nigeria, 2018”. Statista. Erişim 20 Şubat 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1203438/distribution-of-ethnic-groups-in-nigeria/.
  • Smith, Mary Felice. Baba of Karo:A woman of the Muslim Hausa London: Yale University Press, 1981.
  • Trimingham, John Spencer. A History of Islam in West Africa. London:Oxford University Press, 1962.
  • Uthman, Abubakar. “Bori: Hausa Cultural Practice Being Spirited Away”. Dailytrust. Erişim 20 Şubat 2024. https://dailytrust.com/bori-hausa-cultural-practice-being-spirited-away/.
  • Wall, L. Lewis. Hausa Medicine: Illness and Well-Being in a West African Culture. Durham:Duke University Press, 1988.
Year 2024, Issue: 43, 48 - 67, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.35209/ksuifd.1435535

Abstract

Project Number

-

References

  • Abar, Emmanuel M. Islam, Christianity, Traditional Religions and P aditional Religions and Power Politics in olitics in Northern Nigeria Since Pre-Islamic Period. Andrews University, Doktora Tezi, 2019.
  • Abayd, Bushraa Abdalkazim ‎. ‎"Nijerya’da Etnik Yapı ve Jeopolitik Etkisi”. Al-Adab Dergisi 90/10 (2009), 306-339.
  • Ademola Adeleke. “Islam and Hausa Culture”. Lagos Notes and Records 10/1 (2004), 164-176.
  • Africanreligions. “Spirits (Bori/Iskoki) in Hausa Animism-African Religions”. Erişim 20 Şubat 2024. https://africanreligions.wordpress.com.
  • Ayoh’Omídire, Felix. “Diaspora: Deities (The Òrìṣà)”. ed. Falola, Toyin, and Akintunde Akinyemi. Encyclopedia of the Yoruba. Indiana (Bloomington): Indiana University Press, 2016.
  • Barkow, Jerome H. "Muslims and Maguzawa in North Central State, Nigeria:An Ethnographic Comparison". Canadian Journal of African Studies 7/1 (1973), 59-76.
  • Batrān, Abd-Al-’Azīz ’Abd-Allah. “A Contribution to the Biography of Shaikh Muḥammad Ibn ’Abd-Al-Karīm Ibn Muḥammad (Umar-a Mar) Al-Maghīlī, Al-Tilimsānī”. The Journal of African History 14/3 (1973), 381-394.
  • Bawa, Aisha Balarabe-Yandaki, Umar Aminu. "Spirituality, Power, and Feminism: Historical Narratives of Bori Practice among the Women in Sabon Birni District of Sokoto State". An International Journal of Arts and Humanities 8/1 (2019), 46-55.
  • Besmer, Fremont E. “Initiation into the "Bori" Cult: A Case Study in Ningi Town”. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 47/1 (1977), 1-13.
  • Dagimun, Mukhtar Umar. “Interaction between Islam and Hausa Culture After Sokoto Caliphate in Nigeria and The Role of Colonialists”. International Journal of Islamic Studies 5/2 (2021), 189-196.
  • Daneji, Abdalla Uba Adamu. “From Evolution to Revolution-The Kano Emirate:Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow”. Researchgate. Erişim 20 Şubat 2024. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368602049_From_Evolution_to_Revolution_- _The_Kano_Emirate_Yesterday_Today_and_Tomorrow. Gill, Deborah. Hausa Cultural Orientation California (Monterey): Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center, 2014.
  • Gilliland, Dean S. African Religion Meets Islam Religious Change in Northern Nigeria Lanham: University Press of America, 1986.
  • Hunwick, John O. "Aḥmad Bābā on Slavery". Sudanic Africa 11 (2000), 131-139.
  • Hunwick, John O.- O’Fahey, Rex Séan (eds.). Arabic Literature of Africa: The Writings of Central Sudanic Africa 2 Leiden/New York/Köln: E. J. Brill, 1995.
  • Kavas, Ahmet. “Osman b. Fûdî”. İslam Ansiklopedisi. 33/ 466-467. İstanbul:Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, 2013.
  • Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, 19/2, (1978) 173–93.
  • Nwaocha, Ogechukwu. “Conflict for the Survival of Bori Cult”. International Journal of Research in Arts and Social Sciences 9/2 (2017), 291-306.
  • Okagbue, Osita. “Deviants and Outcasts: Power and Politics in Hausa Bori Performances”. New Theatre Quarterly 24/3 (2008), 270-280.
  • Palmer, Herbert R. "The Kano Chronicle." The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 38, (1908), 58-98.
  • Robinson, Charles Henry- Henry, William Henry. Dictionary of the Hausa Language London: The University Press, 1899.
  • Sabiu, Ibrahim T.-Abdullahi, Mohammed S.-Zaniol, Fakhrul A. “Hausa People of Northern Nigeria and Their Development”. Asian People Journal 1/1 (2018), 179-189.
  • Salamone, Frank A. The Hausa of Nigeria Lanham: University Press of America, 2009.
  • Sasu, Doris Dokua. “Distribution of Ethnic Groups in Nigeria, 2018”. Statista. Erişim 20 Şubat 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1203438/distribution-of-ethnic-groups-in-nigeria/.
  • Smith, Mary Felice. Baba of Karo:A woman of the Muslim Hausa London: Yale University Press, 1981.
  • Trimingham, John Spencer. A History of Islam in West Africa. London:Oxford University Press, 1962.
  • Uthman, Abubakar. “Bori: Hausa Cultural Practice Being Spirited Away”. Dailytrust. Erişim 20 Şubat 2024. https://dailytrust.com/bori-hausa-cultural-practice-being-spirited-away/.
  • Wall, L. Lewis. Hausa Medicine: Illness and Well-Being in a West African Culture. Durham:Duke University Press, 1988.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Historical Religions
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri / Research Articles
Authors

Abdulkadir Kıyak 0000-0003-2399-8654

Elif Kul 0000-0002-6808-8542

Project Number -
Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date February 12, 2024
Acceptance Date April 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 43

Cite

ISNAD Kıyak, Abdulkadir - Kul, Elif. “Nijerya’da Müslüman Hausalarda Geleneksel İnançların Kalıntıları”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 43 (June 2024), 48-67. https://doi.org/10.35209/ksuifd.1435535.

The Journal of Theology Faculty of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University is published in electronic version and a hardcopy is distributed to each related library.