Politika Yapım Sürecinde Plüralist ve Korporatist Sistemlere Alternatif Bir Model: Politik Ağ (Network) Modeli ve İngiltere Örneği

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 1446 - 1469, 28.08.2021

Feza Solak Tuygun

https://doi.org/10.33437/ksusbd.721396

Abstract

II.Dünya Savaşından sonra devletin artan fonksiyonları ile çıkar gruplarının politika süreçlerine katılımı plüralist model etrafında şekillenmiştir. Plüralist modelden kaynaklanan sorunlarla birlikte, 1960’lı yıllardan sonra korporatist model politika süreçlerinde etkili olmuştur. Bu modellerde daha yönetilebilir bir yapı için devlet tarafından yönlendirilen politika süreçleri ise, 1970’li yıllardan sonra sosyo-politik ve ekonomik alandaki gelişmelerle değişime uğramıştır. Bu değişim süreci, gücün yatay olarak paylaşıldığı politika süreçlerini değerli kılarak ağ tabanlı yaklaşımları güçlendirmiştir. Bu yaklaşımlardan politik ağ modeli “ortak bir eylemle politika sorunlarının çözümüne yönelik bir araç olarak” plüralist ve korporatist modellerin yerini almıştır. Çalışmada politik ağ modelinde yapısal özellikler ve politika sürecinin işleyişi incelenmiştir. Modelde sürece katılan aktörler ile aktörler arasındaki ilişkiler ve güç dağılımının politikalara etkisi “İngiltere Örneği” ile açıklanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda daha katılımcı ve çok aktörlü politika süreçlerinin politik ağ modeli ile sağlanabileceği belirtilmiştir.

Keywords

Plüralizm, Korporatizm, Süreç, Model, Politik Ağ

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