Central Nervous System Response to Chronic Kidney Disease

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 198 - 209, 02.11.2022

Güray Okyar , Dursun Alper Yılmaz , Mehmet Salih Yıldırım , Metin Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.17517/ksutfd.917658

Öz

 Abstract

Due to the aging of the human population, the prevalence of chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing every year. Chronic kidney disease is a general term that refers to heterogeneous disorders that affect kidney structure and function. Decrease in glomerular filtration can be defined as chronic and progressive deterioration in fluid-solute balance, metabolic and endocrine functions of the kidney. CKD often affects the elderly. With the advancement of age, some structural and functional changes occur in the kidneys. Therefore, the number of patients suffering from mild and moderate CKD is expected to increase in the future. CKD leads to the deep metabolic and hemodynamic changes that damage other organs, such as the heart and brain. Central nervous system abnormalities and cognitive deficits progress with the severity of CKD and occurs mostly among hemodialysis patients. It also has great socio-economic effects on individuals. Since symptoms of CKD are not often found in patients, early recognition of risk factors is the main point. For this reason, it is necessary to identify possible protective and preventive treatments to be applied in at-risk groups and to examine these mechanisms for the treatment of the disease. This review provides available information on the relevant mechanisms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Functional brain changes, Neurocognitive ability, Renal replacement methods

Kronik Böbrek Hastalığına Merkezi Sinir Sistemi Cevabı

Öz

Özet

İnsan nüfusunun yaşlanması nedeniyle kronik böbrek hastalığı (KBH) gibi hastalıkların prevalansı her geçen yıl artmaktadır. Kronik böbrek hastalığı, böbrek yapı ve işlevini etkileyen heterojen bozuklukları ifade eden genel bir terimdir. Glomerüler filtrasyonda azalmayı takriben böbreğin sıvı-solüt dengesini ayarlama yeteneğinde, metabolik ve endokrin fonksiyonlarında kronik ve progresif bozulma durumu olarak tanımlanabilmektedir. KBH sıklıkla yaşlıları etkilemektedir. Yaşın ilerlemesiyle birlikte böbreklerde birtakım yapısal ve fonksiyonel değişiklikler ortaya çıkar. Dolayısıyla, gelecekte hafif ve orta dereceli KBH’dan muzdarip hasta sayısının artması beklenmektedir. KBH, kalp ve beyin gibi diğer organlara zarar veren derin metabolik ve hemodinamik değişikliklere yol

açar. Merkezi sinir sistemi anormallikleri ve bilişsel eksiklik, KBH’nın şiddeti ile ilerlemekte ve çoğunlukla hemodiyaliz hastaları arasında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca bireyleri sosyo-ekonomik yönden de etkilemektedir. Hastalarda KBH risk faktörlerinin erken tanınması temel noktayı oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle, risk altındaki gruplarda uygulanacak olası önleyici ve koruyucu tedavilerin tespiti ve hastalığın tedavisi için bu mekanizmaların incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu derleme, ilgili mekanizmalar hakkında mevcut bilgileri sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fonksiyonel beyin değişiklikleri, Nörobilişsel yetenek, Renal replasman yöntemleri

Kaynakça

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