Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniğinde Serebral Ven Sinüs Trombozu Gelişen Olguların Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Çalışma
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 30 - 35, 02.11.2022
Salih Kavak
,
İbrahim Batmaz
,
Ahmet Şenocak
Mesut Halisçelik
Yeliz Gül
,
Cengiz Şanlı
,
Gülay Bulu
Bünyamin Çim
Ebru Çelik Kavak
Öz
Özet
Amaç: Serebral Ven Sinüs Trombozu (SVST) çok çeşitli ve nonspesifik semptomlarla kendini gösteren ve farklı etiyolojilere bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan klinik bir durumdur. Tanısı kolayca konulamayan nadir bir hastalıktır. Biz bu yazıda SVST gelişen olgularda, jinekolojik ve obstetrik nedenlerin araştırılmasını
amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’ne Kasım 2010 ile Kasım 2020 tarihleri arasında nörolojik şikayetlerle başvuran, yapılan değerlendirmede SVST tanısı konulan olgular ile obstetrik/jinekolojik nedenlerle SVST gelişen kadınlar, retrospektif olarak incelendi. Kadınların başvuru
şikâyetleri, nöroradyolojik bulguları ve uygulanan tedaviler kayıtlardan tespit edildi. Verilerin değerlendirmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistik kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmanın yapıldığı dönemde 166 olguya SVST tanısı konuldu. Olguların 105’i kadın (%63.2) ve 61’i erkek (%36.8) idi. On beş olguda (% 9) obstetrik ve jinekolojik nedenlere sekonder SVST geliştiği tespit edildi. En sık semptom baş ağrısı (%80) ve en sık bulgu papil ödemi (%20) ile birlikte hemiparezi
(%13.3) ve hemipleji (%6.7) olarak tespit edildi. Çalışmaya dâhil edilen altı olgu (%40) puerperal dönemde idi. Bunlardan iki olgu (%13.3) vajinal yolla, dört olgu (%26.7) ise sezaryenle doğum yapmıştı. Olgulardan beş tanesi (%33.3) gebe idi. Gebelerin tamamı gebeliğin 3. trimesterinde bulunuyordu. Bir
olguda (%6.7) mastoidit geliştiği ve 4 ay öncesinde vajinal yolla doğum yaptığı tespit edildi. Bir olgunun puerperal dönemde olduğu ve eşlik eden sinüzit enfeksiyonu bulunduğu (%6.7), ayrıca aile öyküsünde postpartum derin ven trombozu varlığı tespit edildi. İki olgunun (%13.3) kombine oral kontraseptif (OKS)
kullandığı, bunlardan birinde MTHFR homozigot mutasyon varlığı ve homosistein yüksekliği olduğu tespit edildi. Olguların tamamı değerlendirildiğinde 7 olguda (%4.2) kalıtsal trombofili tanısı mevcuttu.
Sonuç: SVST olgularında gebelik, puerperal dönem ve OKS kullanımı başta olmak üzere, obstetrik ve jinekolojik nedenler %10’a yakın yer tutar ve değerlendirme sırasında göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır
Kaynakça
- Kocatürk Ö, Coşkun Ö, Öcal R, İnan LE, Özkan S. Serebral venöz trombozlu hastalarda risk faktörleri ve etiyolojik sebeplerin ve tedavi özelliklerinin retrospektif incelenmesi. ADÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2012;13(1):13-18.
- Bousser MG, Ferro JM. Cerebral venous trombosis: An update. Lancet Neurol 2007;6(2):162−170.
- Stam J. Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses. N Engl J Med 2005;352(17):1791-1798.
- Einhäupl K, Stam J, Bousser MG, De Brujin SFTM, Ferro JM, Martinelli I, Masuhr F. EFNS guideline on the treatment of cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis in adult patients. Eur J Neurol 2010;17(10):1229-1235.
- Coutinho J, De Bruijn SFTM, De Veber G, Stam J. Anticoagulation for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;2011(8):CD002005.
- Saposnik G, Barinagarrementeria F, Brown RD Jr, Bushnell CD, Cucchiara B, Cushman M et al. Diagnosis and Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2011;42(4):1158-1192.
- Renowden S. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Eur Radiol 2004;14(2):215-226.
- Damak M, Crassard I, Wolff V, Bousser MG. Isolated lateral sinus thrombosis: a series of 62 patients. Stroke 2009;40(2):476-481.
- Ferro JM, Canhão P, Stam J, Bousser MG. Barinagarrementeria F. Prognosis of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: results of the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT). Stroke 2004;35(3):664−670.
- Melis F, Vandenbrouke JP, Büller HR, Colly LP, Bloemenkamp KWM. Estimates of risk of venous thrombosis during pregnancy and puerperium are not influenced by diagnostic suspicion and referral basis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191(3):825-829.
- Lavin PJ, Bone I, Lamb JT, Swinburne LM. Intracranial venous thrombosis in the first trimester of pregnancy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1978;41(8):726-729.
- Cantú C, Barnagarrementeria F. Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with pregnancy and puerperium. Review of 67 cases. Stroke 1993;24(12):1880-1884.
- Nagaraja D, Sarma GRK. Treatment of cerebral sinus/venous thrombosis. Neurol India 2002;50(2):114–116.
- Allroggen H, Abbott RJ. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Postgrad Med J 2000;76(891):12–15.
- Terazzi E, Mittino D, Rudà R, Cerrato P, Monaco F, Sciolla R et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis: a retrospective multicentre study of 48 patients. Neurol Sci 2005;25(6):311-315.
- Dzialo AF, Black-Schaffer RM. Cerebral venous thrombosis in young adults: 2 case reports. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82(5):683-688.
- Preter M, Tzourio C, Ameri A, Bousser MG. Long term prognosis in cerebral venous thrombosis. Follow-up of 77 patients. Stroke 1996;27(2):243−246.
Evaluation of Cerebral Vein Sinus Thrombosis in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic: A Retrospective Study
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 30 - 35, 02.11.2022
Salih Kavak
,
İbrahim Batmaz
,
Ahmet Şenocak
Mesut Halisçelik
Yeliz Gül
,
Cengiz Şanlı
,
Gülay Bulu
Bünyamin Çim
Ebru Çelik Kavak
Öz
Abstract
Objective: Cerebral Vein Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) is a clinical condition that manifests itself with a wide variety of nonspecific symptoms and arises due to different etiologies. It is a rare disease that may not be easily diagnosed. Investigation of gynecological and obstetric causes in patients with Cerebral Vein
Sinus Thrombosis (CVST).
Material and Methods: Patients who admitted to Fırat University Medical Faculty Hospital between November 2010 and November 2020 with neurological complaints and were diagnosed with CVST in the evaluation performed and women who developed CVST due to obstetric/gynecological reasons were retrospectively
analysed. The complaints, neuroradiological findings and treatments applied were determined from the records of the women. Descriptive statistics were used in the evaluation of the data.
Results: At the time of the study period, 166 cases were diagnosed with CVST. One hundred and five of the cases were female (63.2%) and 61 were male (36.8%). It was found that CVST developed secondary to obstetric and gynecological causes in 15 cases (9%). The most common symptom was headache
(80%) and the most common finding was papillary edema (20%), hemiparesis (13.3%) and hemiplegia (6.7%). Six cases (40%) included in the study were in the puerperal period. Of these, two cases (13.3%) gave birth by vaginally and four cases (26.7%) by caesarean. Five of the cases (33.3%) were pregnant.
All of the pregnant women were in the third trimester of pregnancy. It was found that mastoiditis developed in one case (6.7%) and she delivered vaginally 4 months ago. One case (6.7%) had sinusitis and a family history of postpartum deep thrombosis was detected. Two cases (13.3%) were using combined oral contraceptives (OCS), and in one of them, MTHFR homozygous mutation and high homocysteine levels were detected. When all cases were evaluated, 7 cases (4.2%) had a diagnosis of hereditary thrombophilia.
Conclusion: Obstetric and gynecological reasons, especially pregnancy, puerperal period and use of OCS, take up almost 10% of CVST cases and should be taken into consideration during the evaluation.
Kaynakça
- Kocatürk Ö, Coşkun Ö, Öcal R, İnan LE, Özkan S. Serebral venöz trombozlu hastalarda risk faktörleri ve etiyolojik sebeplerin ve tedavi özelliklerinin retrospektif incelenmesi. ADÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2012;13(1):13-18.
- Bousser MG, Ferro JM. Cerebral venous trombosis: An update. Lancet Neurol 2007;6(2):162−170.
- Stam J. Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses. N Engl J Med 2005;352(17):1791-1798.
- Einhäupl K, Stam J, Bousser MG, De Brujin SFTM, Ferro JM, Martinelli I, Masuhr F. EFNS guideline on the treatment of cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis in adult patients. Eur J Neurol 2010;17(10):1229-1235.
- Coutinho J, De Bruijn SFTM, De Veber G, Stam J. Anticoagulation for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;2011(8):CD002005.
- Saposnik G, Barinagarrementeria F, Brown RD Jr, Bushnell CD, Cucchiara B, Cushman M et al. Diagnosis and Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2011;42(4):1158-1192.
- Renowden S. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Eur Radiol 2004;14(2):215-226.
- Damak M, Crassard I, Wolff V, Bousser MG. Isolated lateral sinus thrombosis: a series of 62 patients. Stroke 2009;40(2):476-481.
- Ferro JM, Canhão P, Stam J, Bousser MG. Barinagarrementeria F. Prognosis of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: results of the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT). Stroke 2004;35(3):664−670.
- Melis F, Vandenbrouke JP, Büller HR, Colly LP, Bloemenkamp KWM. Estimates of risk of venous thrombosis during pregnancy and puerperium are not influenced by diagnostic suspicion and referral basis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191(3):825-829.
- Lavin PJ, Bone I, Lamb JT, Swinburne LM. Intracranial venous thrombosis in the first trimester of pregnancy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1978;41(8):726-729.
- Cantú C, Barnagarrementeria F. Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with pregnancy and puerperium. Review of 67 cases. Stroke 1993;24(12):1880-1884.
- Nagaraja D, Sarma GRK. Treatment of cerebral sinus/venous thrombosis. Neurol India 2002;50(2):114–116.
- Allroggen H, Abbott RJ. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Postgrad Med J 2000;76(891):12–15.
- Terazzi E, Mittino D, Rudà R, Cerrato P, Monaco F, Sciolla R et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis: a retrospective multicentre study of 48 patients. Neurol Sci 2005;25(6):311-315.
- Dzialo AF, Black-Schaffer RM. Cerebral venous thrombosis in young adults: 2 case reports. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82(5):683-688.
- Preter M, Tzourio C, Ameri A, Bousser MG. Long term prognosis in cerebral venous thrombosis. Follow-up of 77 patients. Stroke 1996;27(2):243−246.