Türkiye’de Dijital Feminist Aktivizm: Uzun Süredir Beklenen Dördüncü Dalga Feminizm Geldi mi?

Abstract

Kadınlar, farklı feminizm dalgaları süresince, farklı ülkelerdeki cinsiyetçi politik ve sosyal normlara dikkat çekmişlerdir. Birinci dalga feministlerin oy hakkı taleplerinden üçüncü dalganın kesişimsel feminist politikalarına kadar, kadın aktivistler farklı bağlamlarda toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğini sağlamak için mücadele etmişlerdir. Dijital feminizm olarak da adlandırılan dördüncü dalga feminizm, kesişimsel kimliklere vurgu yaparak, üçüncü dalga feminist hareketin kavramlarını, bloglar, web siteleri ve sosyal medya platformları aracılığıyla dijital alanda uygulamaya çalışmaktadırlar. Türkiye’de 2000’li yılların ikinci on yılında, kadınlar, ülkedeki siyasi fırsat yapıları doğrultusunda ataerkillik, özellikle kadına yönelik şiddet ve kadın cinayetleri ile mücadele etmek ve kadınlar arasındaki iletişim ve dayanışmayı artırmak amacıyla sosyal medyayı yoğun bir şekilde kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Dijital platformlar aracılığıyla kadınlar, cinsiyetçi söylemleri açığa çıkararak siyasal değişimi teşvik etmektedirler. Yalnız, siyasal iktidarın dijital alanlar üzerindeki artan kontrolü nedeniyle, aktivistlerin toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı yapıyı değiştirme kapasitesi sınırlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, dijital alanlar, kadınlar gibi marjinalleştirilmiş gruplar için karşıt kamu oluşturmak adına hala büyük bir potansiyele sahiptir.

Keywords

• dijital feminist aktivizm
• dördüncü dalga feminism
• etiket
• toplumsal hareketler
• Türkiye.

Digital Feminist Activism in Turkey: Has Long-Awaited Fourth Wave Feminism Arrived?

Abstract

Throughout different waves of feminisms, women have called attention to sexist political and social norms across countries. Starting from the first wave feminist demands of suffrage to third wave’s intersectional feminist politics, women activists have struggled to achieve gender equality in different contexts. With an emphasis on intersected identities, fourth wave feminism, also called digital feminism, endeavours to implement third wave’s concepts in the digital space, via blogs, websites, social media platforms. In Turkey, in the second decade of the 2000s, women have started to extensively use social media to combat patriarchy, particularly violence against women and femicide, and to increase communication and solidarity among women in line with the political opportunity structures in the country. Through digital platforms, women stimulate political change by exposing gendered discourses. However, due to government’s increased control on digital spaces, activists’ capacity to alter the social gendered structure has been limited. Nevertheless, digital spaces still have a great potential to work as counterpublics for marginalised groups, such as women.

Keywords

• digital feminist activism
• fourth wave feminism
• hashtag
• social movements
• Turkey

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