The Dynamics of Women’s Labor in Developing Countries: Effects of Economic Growth, Digitalization and Institutional Factors

Abstract

Çalışmada kadınların iş gücüne katılımı ile sosyoekonomik, kurumsal faktörler ve dijitalleşme arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Gelişmekte olan 28 ülkede 1997-2022 dönemi verilerini kullanarak değişkenler arasındaki ilişki sabit etkili panel tahmin yöntemi ve Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) nedensellik testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz bulguları düşük kantillerde kadınların iş gücüne katılımı ile ekonomik büyüme arasında pozitif yönlü ancak istatiksel olarak anlamsız ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna karşın enflasyonun düşük kantillerde kadınların iş gücüne katılımı üzerindeki etkisi istatistiki olarak anlamsızken, orta ve yüksek kantillerde negatif bulunmuştur. Modelde yer alan brüt sabit sermaye birikiminin kadınların iş gücüne katılımı üzerindeki etkisi pozitif olmasına karşın, çok yüksek kantillerde istatistiki açıdan anlamsızlaşmıştır. Ayrıca tüm kantil düzeylerinde internet kullanımının, parlamentodaki kadın sayısının ve kentleşmenin kadınların iş gücüne katılımı üzerindeki etkisi pozitif olarak tespit edilmiştir. Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) nedensellik sonuçları ise ekonomik büyüme, enflasyon, internet kullanımı, kentleşme ve parlamentodaki kadın sayısı ile kadın işgücü arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bununla birlikte, bulgular kadın işgücü ile brüt sabit sermaye birikimi arasında tek yönlü bir nedensellik olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Female labor force rate
• socioeconomic
• institutional factors
• digitalization
• panel data analysis

The Dynamics of Women’s Labor in Developing Countries: Effects of Economic Growth, Digitalization and Institutional Factors

Abstract

This study inquired into how socioeconomic, institutional, and digitalization factors relate to women's participation in the labor force. Using data gathered from 28 developing nations between 1997 and 2022, Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) causality test and the fixed effect panel estimate method were employed to examine the relationship between the variables. The analysis results certified that, at low quantiles, women's labor force participation and economic growth uphold a positive but statistically insignificant relationship. In the opposite direction, it was discovered that the impact of inflation on women’s participation in labor force is negative at medium and high quantiles while it is statistically insignificant at low quantiles. Despite being proven to exert a positive influence on the participation of women in the labor force, the model's gross fixed capital accumulation has been determined to be statistically insignificant at very high quantiles. At every quantile degree, it was also detected that the number of women in parliament, the internet use, and urbanization all had a positive impact on women’s participation in labor force. Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012), on the other side, manifested that there was a bidirectional causality between economic growth, inflation, internet usage, urbanization, the number of women in parliament, and the female labor force. Nonetheless, the findings indicated that there was a unidirectional causal relationship between female labor force and gross fixed capital accumulation.

Keywords

• female labor force rate
• socioeconomic
• institutional factors
• digitalization
• panel data analysis

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