2020 Malatya-Elazığ Depremi Sonrası Erken Dönemde Sağlık Çalışanları Arasında Travma Sonrası Stres ve İlişkili Faktörler

Abstract

Amaç: Deprem fiziksel ve psikolojik olarak bireyleri ciddi şekilde etkileyen bir doğa felaketidir. Depremin oluşturduğu psikolojik etkiler üzerine yürütülen çok sayıda araştırma olmasına rağmen, bunların çok azı yerel sağlık çalışanlarına ve erken dönem etkilerine odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 24 Ocak 2020 Malatya-Elazığ depreminde, etkilenen bölgede çalışan yerel sağlık çalışanlarındaki erken dönem travma düzeylerinin ve yordayıcılarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel-tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu çalışma, depremden üç hafta sonra 201 sağlık çalışanından oluşan bir örneklem üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara travma yanıtını etkileyebilecek faktörleri tespit etmek için demografik değişkenleri, önceki travmatik yaşantıları, deprem anındaki kaygı ve kayıpları, kurumsal ve sosyal beklentileri araştıran bir anket uygulandı. Deprem sonrası travma düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde “Deprem Sonrası Travma Düzey Belirleme Ölçeği” ve baskın mizaç özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde TEMPS-A kullanıldı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %25.8’inde şiddetli travma düzeyi tespit edildi. Kadınlarda, evli olanlarda, çocuğu olanlarda, ilk kez deprem yaşamış olanlarda deprem sırasında yakınları ve kendi hayatını kaybetmekle ilgili kaygı yaşayanlarda travma puanları yüksekti. Yapılan lojistik regresyon analizinde anksiyöz mizaç özelliği ve deprem sırasında bir yakınını kaybetme korkusu yaşamanın travma şiddetini arttırdığı tespit edilirken, daha önce deprem yaşama öyküsünün azalttığı belirlendi. Sonuç: Travma yanıtıyla ilişkili faktörlerin tespiti hem sağlık çalışanlarının ruhsal sağlığını korumak hem de milyonlarca insanı etkileyen deprem gibi afetlerde sağlık hizmetlerinin devamlılığını sağlamak açısından önemlidir.

Keywords

• Sağlık çalışanı
• Deprem
• Travma
• Sosyodemografik Özellikler
• Mizaç
• İlişkili faktörler

Post-traumatic stress and associated factors among healthcare workers in the early stage following the 2020 Malatya-Elazığ earthquake

Abstract

Objective: An earthquake is a natural disaster that seriously affects individuals physically and psychologically. Although there has been a great deal of research on the psychological effects of earthquakes, few have focused on local health workers and its early effects. In this study, it is aimed to determine the levels and predictors of early post-earthquake trauma of the local health workers working in the affected area in the earthquake that occurred on January 24, 2020, Malatya-Elazig. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 201 healthcare workers after three weeks from of the earthquake. In order to determine the factors that may affect the trauma response in the participants, a questionnaire was applied to question demographic variables, previous traumatic experiences, concerns and losses at the time of the earthquake, and institutional and social expectations. Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determining Scale was used to record post-earthquake trauma levels, and TEMPS-A was used to determine dominant temperament characteristics. Results: Severe trauma level was detected in 25.8% of the participants. Trauma scores were higher in women, those who were married, those who had children, those who experienced the earthquake for the first time and those who had anxiety about losing their own life or their relative's life during the earthquake. In the logistic regression analysis, it was determined that anxious temperament and fear of losing a loved one during an earthquake increased the severity of the trauma, whereas a previous earthquake history decreased it. Conclusions: Detection of the factors associated with the trauma response is important both in terms of protecting the mental health of health workers and ensuring the continuity of health services in disasters such as earthquakes that affect millions of people.

Keywords

• healthcare worker
• earthquake
• trauma
• sociodemographic characteristics
• temperament
• related factors

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