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Impact Assessment on Maintenance of Essential Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health and Nutrition Services in the Context of COVID-19: Insight from North-Central Nigeria

Year 2022, , 219 - 229, 28.04.2022

Gloria Nnadwa Alhassan , Felicia Bodi Alhassan Ahmet Sami Bosnak

https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1039175

Abstract

Objective: In the context of COVID-19 in North Central Nigeria, a qualitative interview study was conducted to assess the impact on the maintenance of essential sexual, reproductive, maternal newborn, child, adolescent healthy plus nutrition serves (RMNCAH+N).
Methods: This proposition aligns with the global crusade of the United Nations Sustainable development goals (UNSDGs 2.3.8) that highlights good nutrition (zero hunger) access to quality healthy and sustainable economic growth path. To this end, a field survey design was done qualitatively. Key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) were used in the qualitative analysis, which was based on typical interview schedules. During the study period, a total of 258 people from six different communities participated in the KII and FGD interviews.
Results: Key study findings outline eight major master essential concepts, such as healthcare workers reporting a variety of tough emotions and psychological issues. These included insufficient medical equipment’s, dissatisfaction with members of the public who did not observe social distancing norms, concerns about protecting their loved ones from infection, increased workload, and changing working conditions, insufficient personal protective equipment kits (PPE), and a sense that their frontline work was being undermined.
Conclusion: There was also a significant increase in gender-based violence. Further policy suggestions are outlined in the concluding section.

Keywords

SDGs Good nutrition mental health COVID-19

References

  • 1. World Health Organization (WHO, 2020). Available at https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (Access date 02.02.2021)
  • 2. Alhassan GN, Adedoyin FF, Bekun FV, Agabo TJ et al. Does life expectancy, death rate and public health expenditure matter in sustaining economic growth under COVID‐19: Empirical evidence from Nigeria?. Journal of Public Affairs. 2020; e2302.
  • 3. Park JS, Lee EH, Park NR, Choi YH. Mental health of nurses working at a government-designated hospital during a MERS-CoV outbreak: a cross-sectional study. Archives of psychiatric nursing. 2018; 32(1):2-6.
  • 4. Elston JW, Cartwright C, Ndumbi P, Wright J et al. The health impact of the 2014–15 Ebola outbreak. Public health. 2017; 1 (1): 143:60-70.
  • 5. National Center for Disease Control (NCDC), available at National Center for Disease Control: Public Health Advisory on COVID 19.https://covid19.ncdc.gov.ng/guideline/ - NCDC 2020. (Access date 02.02.2021)
  • 6. World Health Organization. (2017). Progress in partnership: 2017 Progress report on the every woman every child global strategy for Women’s, Children’s and adolescents’ health (No. WHO/FWC/NMC/17.3). World Health Organization.
  • 7. YURT NŞ, CUBUKCU M. Quality of Sleep and Related Factors on Elderly Residents of the Nursing Homes. Konuralp Medical Journal.2021; 13(2):233-41.
  • 8. Shammi M, Bodrud-Doza M, Islam AR, Rahman MM. Strategic assessment of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: comparative lockdown scenario analysis, public perception, and management for sustainability. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2021;23(4):6148-91.
  • 9. Barros AJ, Ronsmans C, Axelson H, Loaiza E, Bertoldi AD, França GV, Bryce J, Boerma JT, Victora CG et al. Equity in maternal, newborn, and child health interventions in Countdown to 2015: a retrospective review of survey data from 54 countries. The Lancet. 2012;379 (9822):1225-33.
  • 10. Paramita W, Rostiani R, Winahjoe S, Wibowo A, Virgosita R, Audita H. Explaining the voluntary compliance to COVID-19 measures: An extrapolation on the gender perspective. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management. 2021; 22(1):1-8.
  • 11. PALA SÇ, METİNTAS S, ÖNSÜZ MF, ÖZAKIN E, PALA VG. Evaluation of Turkish Validity and Reliability of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Perceived Barriers in Infection Control Questionnaire among Emergency Healthcare Professionals regarding COVID-19. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2021;13(S1):373-82.
  • 12. Ashish KC, Gurung R, Kinney MV, Sunny AK, Moinuddin M, Basnet O, Paudel P, Bhattarai P, Subedi K, Shrestha MP, Lawn JE. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic response on intrapartum care, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality outcomes in Nepal: a prospective observational study. The Lancet Global Health. 2020; 8(10):e1273-81.
  • 13. Benova L, Sarkar ND, Fasehun LK, Semaan A, Affun-Adegbulu C et al, MATCO Solutions and Adaptations Working Group. A call to action: documenting and sharing solutions and adaptations in sexual, reproductive, maternal and newborn health care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters. 2020;28(1):1838054.
  • 14. United Nations. (2015). UN Sustainable Development Goals. Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs (Access date 02.02.2021).
  • 15. World Health Organization. (2020). Assessment of sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health in the context of universal health coverage in Romania. ISBN 978 92 890 054720. Available at https://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/assessment-of-sexual,-reproductive,-maternal,-newborn,-child-and-adolescent-health-in-the-context-of-universal-health-coverage-in-romania-2020.
  • 16. Black, Robert E., Ramanan Laxminarayan, Marleen Temmerman, and Neff Walker. "Reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health.2016. available at : http://216.104.201.186:5050/xmlui/handle/123456789/218
  • 17. Mukiibi E. COVID-19 and the state of food security in Africa. Agriculture and human values. 2020; 37(3):627-8.
  • 18. Tran NT, Portela A, de Bernis L, Beek K, et al. Developing capacities of community health workers in sexual and reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health: a mapping and review of training resources. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e94948.
  • 19. Hemm C, Dagnan D, Meyer TD. Identifying training needs for mainstream healthcare professionals, to prepare them for working with individuals with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 2015 ;28(2):98-110.
  • 20. Akhanemhe R, Wallbank S, Greenberg N. An evaluation of REACTMH mental health training for healthcare supervisors. Occupational Medicine. 2021; 71(3):127-30.
  • 21. Alhassan GN, Öztürk İ, Adedoyin FF, Bekun F.V, et al. Telehealth as a Panacea Amidst Global Pandemic (COVID-19) in Africa. Duzce Medical Journal. 2021,2;23(1), 43 - 47.
  • 22. Wong MY, Gunasekeran DV, Nusinovici S, Sabanayagam C, Yeo KK, Cheng CY, Tham YC, et al Telehealth demand trends during the COVID-19 pandemic in the top 50 most affected countries: Infodemiological evaluation. JMIR public health and surveillance. 2021; 7(2):e24445.
  • 23. Smith JA, Jarman M, Osborn M. Doing interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qualitative health psychology: Theories and methods. 1999, 28(1):218-40. Available at https://books.google.com.cy/books?hl=en&lr=&id=E0rW95VMmKoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA218&dq=Smith,+J.+A.,+Jarman,+M.,+%26+Osborn,+M.+(1999).+Doing+interpretative+phenomenological+analysis.+Qualitative+health+psychology:+Theories+and+methods,+218-240.&ots=QdWsRv7An5&sig=56R_KPSMKUUVf76veeXDyhmT0Ew&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false.
  • 24. Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria. National Health Policy (2016): Promoting the Health of Nigerians to Accelerate Socioeconomic Development. Abuja, Nigeria; 2016. Available https://naca.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/National-Health-Policy-Final-copy.pdf.
  • 25. Izugbara CO, Wekesah FM, Adedini SA et al. Maternal health in Nigeria: a situation update. Nairobi, Kenya: African Population and Health Research Center. 2016. Available https://aphrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Maternal-Health-in-Nigeria_Final-Report.pdf.
  • 26. Aigbiremolen, A., Alenoghena, I., Eboreime, E., & Abejegah, C et al, Primary Health Care in Nigeria: from conceptualization to implemention. J Med Appl Biosci, (2014); 6(2), 35-43.
  • 27. Butawa NN, Tukur B, Idris H, Adiri F, Taylor KD. Knowledge and perceptions of maternal health in Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health. 2010; 14(3):71-6.
  • 28. Eboreime EA, Nxumalo N, Ramaswamy R, Ibisomi L, Ihebuzor N, Eyles J. Effectiveness of the Diagnose-Intervene-Verify-Adjust (DIVA) model for integrated primary healthcare planning and performance improvement: an embedded mixed methods evaluation in Kaduna state, Nigeria. BMJ open. 2019; 9(3):e026016.
  • 29. Osborn M, Smith JA. The fearfulness of chronic pain and the centrality of the therapeutic relationship in containing it: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2008 ;5(4):276-88.
  • 30. Willig, C. (2013). Introducing qualitative research in psychology. McGraw-hill education (UK).Available at https://www.mheducation.co.uk/introducing-qualitative-research-in-psychology-9780335244492-emea-group.
  • 31. Michau L. Approaching old problems in new ways: community mobilisation as a primary prevention strategy to combat violence against women. Gender & Development. 2007;15(1):95-109.
  • 32. Michau L, Naker D, Sauve S. Mobilising communities to prevent domestic violence: a resource guide for organisations in East and Southern Africa.2003; 334- 336.
  • 33. Monaghesh E, Hajizadeh A. The role of telehealth during COVID-19 outbreak: a systematic review based on current evidence. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20(1):1-9.
  • 34. Zhou X, Snoswell CL, Harding LE, Bambling M, Edirippulige S, Bai X, Smith AC. The role of telehealth in reducing the mental health burden from COVID-19. Telemedicine and e-Health. 2020; 26(4):377-9.
  • 35. Haque SN. Telehealth beyond COVID-19. Psychiatric Services. 2021; 72(1):100-3.
  • 36. Assembly, U. G. (2014). Report of the open working group of the general assembly on sustainable development goals. New York: General Assembly Document. Available at https://enb.iisd.org/negotiations/un-general-assembly-open-working-group-sustainable-development-goals-owg

COVID-19 Bağlamında Temel Üreme, Anne, Yenidoğan, Çocuk, Ergen Sağlığı ve Beslenme Hizmetlerinin Sürdürülmesine İlişkin Etki Değerlendirmesi: Kuzey-Orta Nijerya'dan İçgörü

Year 2022, , 219 - 229, 28.04.2022

Gloria Nnadwa Alhassan , Felicia Bodi Alhassan Ahmet Sami Bosnak

https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1039175

Abstract

Amaç: Kuzey Orta Nijerya'da COVID-19 bağlamında, temel cinsel, üreme, anne yenidoğan, çocuk, ergen sağlıklı artı beslenme hizmetlerinin (RMNCAH+N) sürdürülmesi üzerindeki etkiyi değerlendirmek için nitel bir görüşme çalışması yapılmıştır.
Yöntemler: Bu önerme, kaliteli sağlıklı ve sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme yoluna iyi beslenme (sıfır açlık) erişimi vurgulayan Birleşmiş Milletler Sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerinin (UNSDGs 2.3.8) küresel mücadelesi ile uyumludur. Bu amaçla niteliksel olarak bir alan araştırması tasarımı yapılmıştır. Tipik görüşme programlarına dayanan nitel analizde temel bilgi kaynağı görüşmeleri (KII'ler) ve odak grup tartışmaları (FGD'ler) kullanılmıştır. Çalışma süresi boyunca, KII ve FGD görüşmelerine altı farklı topluluktan toplam 258 kişi katılmıştır.
Bulgular: Temel çalışma bulguları, çeşitli zorlu duyguları ve psikolojik sorunları bildiren sağlık çalışanları gibi sekiz ana temel temel kavramı özetlemektedir. Bunlar arasında tıbbi ekipmanın yetersiz olması, sosyal mesafe kurallarına uymayan halkın memnuniyetsizliği, sevdiklerini enfeksiyondan koruma endişesi, artan iş yükü ve değişen çalışma koşulları, yetersiz kişisel koruyucu ekipman kitleri (KKD) ve sağlık sorunlarına karşı duyulan güvensizlik sayılabilir. ön saflardaki çalışmaları baltalanıyordu.
Sonuç: Cinsiyete dayalı şiddette de önemli bir artış oldu. Diğer politika önerileri sonuç bölümünde özetlenmiştir.

Keywords

İyi beslenme COVID-19 RMNCAH+N Hizmetleri akıl sağlığı kuzey orta Nijerya

References

  • 1. World Health Organization (WHO, 2020). Available at https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (Access date 02.02.2021)
  • 2. Alhassan GN, Adedoyin FF, Bekun FV, Agabo TJ et al. Does life expectancy, death rate and public health expenditure matter in sustaining economic growth under COVID‐19: Empirical evidence from Nigeria?. Journal of Public Affairs. 2020; e2302.
  • 3. Park JS, Lee EH, Park NR, Choi YH. Mental health of nurses working at a government-designated hospital during a MERS-CoV outbreak: a cross-sectional study. Archives of psychiatric nursing. 2018; 32(1):2-6.
  • 4. Elston JW, Cartwright C, Ndumbi P, Wright J et al. The health impact of the 2014–15 Ebola outbreak. Public health. 2017; 1 (1): 143:60-70.
  • 5. National Center for Disease Control (NCDC), available at National Center for Disease Control: Public Health Advisory on COVID 19.https://covid19.ncdc.gov.ng/guideline/ - NCDC 2020. (Access date 02.02.2021)
  • 6. World Health Organization. (2017). Progress in partnership: 2017 Progress report on the every woman every child global strategy for Women’s, Children’s and adolescents’ health (No. WHO/FWC/NMC/17.3). World Health Organization.
  • 7. YURT NŞ, CUBUKCU M. Quality of Sleep and Related Factors on Elderly Residents of the Nursing Homes. Konuralp Medical Journal.2021; 13(2):233-41.
  • 8. Shammi M, Bodrud-Doza M, Islam AR, Rahman MM. Strategic assessment of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: comparative lockdown scenario analysis, public perception, and management for sustainability. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2021;23(4):6148-91.
  • 9. Barros AJ, Ronsmans C, Axelson H, Loaiza E, Bertoldi AD, França GV, Bryce J, Boerma JT, Victora CG et al. Equity in maternal, newborn, and child health interventions in Countdown to 2015: a retrospective review of survey data from 54 countries. The Lancet. 2012;379 (9822):1225-33.
  • 10. Paramita W, Rostiani R, Winahjoe S, Wibowo A, Virgosita R, Audita H. Explaining the voluntary compliance to COVID-19 measures: An extrapolation on the gender perspective. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management. 2021; 22(1):1-8.
  • 11. PALA SÇ, METİNTAS S, ÖNSÜZ MF, ÖZAKIN E, PALA VG. Evaluation of Turkish Validity and Reliability of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Perceived Barriers in Infection Control Questionnaire among Emergency Healthcare Professionals regarding COVID-19. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2021;13(S1):373-82.
  • 12. Ashish KC, Gurung R, Kinney MV, Sunny AK, Moinuddin M, Basnet O, Paudel P, Bhattarai P, Subedi K, Shrestha MP, Lawn JE. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic response on intrapartum care, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality outcomes in Nepal: a prospective observational study. The Lancet Global Health. 2020; 8(10):e1273-81.
  • 13. Benova L, Sarkar ND, Fasehun LK, Semaan A, Affun-Adegbulu C et al, MATCO Solutions and Adaptations Working Group. A call to action: documenting and sharing solutions and adaptations in sexual, reproductive, maternal and newborn health care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters. 2020;28(1):1838054.
  • 14. United Nations. (2015). UN Sustainable Development Goals. Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs (Access date 02.02.2021).
  • 15. World Health Organization. (2020). Assessment of sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health in the context of universal health coverage in Romania. ISBN 978 92 890 054720. Available at https://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/assessment-of-sexual,-reproductive,-maternal,-newborn,-child-and-adolescent-health-in-the-context-of-universal-health-coverage-in-romania-2020.
  • 16. Black, Robert E., Ramanan Laxminarayan, Marleen Temmerman, and Neff Walker. "Reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health.2016. available at : http://216.104.201.186:5050/xmlui/handle/123456789/218
  • 17. Mukiibi E. COVID-19 and the state of food security in Africa. Agriculture and human values. 2020; 37(3):627-8.
  • 18. Tran NT, Portela A, de Bernis L, Beek K, et al. Developing capacities of community health workers in sexual and reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health: a mapping and review of training resources. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e94948.
  • 19. Hemm C, Dagnan D, Meyer TD. Identifying training needs for mainstream healthcare professionals, to prepare them for working with individuals with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 2015 ;28(2):98-110.
  • 20. Akhanemhe R, Wallbank S, Greenberg N. An evaluation of REACTMH mental health training for healthcare supervisors. Occupational Medicine. 2021; 71(3):127-30.
  • 21. Alhassan GN, Öztürk İ, Adedoyin FF, Bekun F.V, et al. Telehealth as a Panacea Amidst Global Pandemic (COVID-19) in Africa. Duzce Medical Journal. 2021,2;23(1), 43 - 47.
  • 22. Wong MY, Gunasekeran DV, Nusinovici S, Sabanayagam C, Yeo KK, Cheng CY, Tham YC, et al Telehealth demand trends during the COVID-19 pandemic in the top 50 most affected countries: Infodemiological evaluation. JMIR public health and surveillance. 2021; 7(2):e24445.
  • 23. Smith JA, Jarman M, Osborn M. Doing interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qualitative health psychology: Theories and methods. 1999, 28(1):218-40. Available at https://books.google.com.cy/books?hl=en&lr=&id=E0rW95VMmKoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA218&dq=Smith,+J.+A.,+Jarman,+M.,+%26+Osborn,+M.+(1999).+Doing+interpretative+phenomenological+analysis.+Qualitative+health+psychology:+Theories+and+methods,+218-240.&ots=QdWsRv7An5&sig=56R_KPSMKUUVf76veeXDyhmT0Ew&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false.
  • 24. Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria. National Health Policy (2016): Promoting the Health of Nigerians to Accelerate Socioeconomic Development. Abuja, Nigeria; 2016. Available https://naca.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/National-Health-Policy-Final-copy.pdf.
  • 25. Izugbara CO, Wekesah FM, Adedini SA et al. Maternal health in Nigeria: a situation update. Nairobi, Kenya: African Population and Health Research Center. 2016. Available https://aphrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Maternal-Health-in-Nigeria_Final-Report.pdf.
  • 26. Aigbiremolen, A., Alenoghena, I., Eboreime, E., & Abejegah, C et al, Primary Health Care in Nigeria: from conceptualization to implemention. J Med Appl Biosci, (2014); 6(2), 35-43.
  • 27. Butawa NN, Tukur B, Idris H, Adiri F, Taylor KD. Knowledge and perceptions of maternal health in Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health. 2010; 14(3):71-6.
  • 28. Eboreime EA, Nxumalo N, Ramaswamy R, Ibisomi L, Ihebuzor N, Eyles J. Effectiveness of the Diagnose-Intervene-Verify-Adjust (DIVA) model for integrated primary healthcare planning and performance improvement: an embedded mixed methods evaluation in Kaduna state, Nigeria. BMJ open. 2019; 9(3):e026016.
  • 29. Osborn M, Smith JA. The fearfulness of chronic pain and the centrality of the therapeutic relationship in containing it: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2008 ;5(4):276-88.
  • 30. Willig, C. (2013). Introducing qualitative research in psychology. McGraw-hill education (UK).Available at https://www.mheducation.co.uk/introducing-qualitative-research-in-psychology-9780335244492-emea-group.
  • 31. Michau L. Approaching old problems in new ways: community mobilisation as a primary prevention strategy to combat violence against women. Gender & Development. 2007;15(1):95-109.
  • 32. Michau L, Naker D, Sauve S. Mobilising communities to prevent domestic violence: a resource guide for organisations in East and Southern Africa.2003; 334- 336.
  • 33. Monaghesh E, Hajizadeh A. The role of telehealth during COVID-19 outbreak: a systematic review based on current evidence. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20(1):1-9.
  • 34. Zhou X, Snoswell CL, Harding LE, Bambling M, Edirippulige S, Bai X, Smith AC. The role of telehealth in reducing the mental health burden from COVID-19. Telemedicine and e-Health. 2020; 26(4):377-9.
  • 35. Haque SN. Telehealth beyond COVID-19. Psychiatric Services. 2021; 72(1):100-3.
  • 36. Assembly, U. G. (2014). Report of the open working group of the general assembly on sustainable development goals. New York: General Assembly Document. Available at https://enb.iisd.org/negotiations/un-general-assembly-open-working-group-sustainable-development-goals-owg
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gloria Nnadwa Alhassan 0000-0002-0316-7485

Felicia Bodi Alhassan This is me 0000-0003-3493-8278

Ahmet Sami Bosnak This is me 0000-0002-9195-8972

Publication Date April 28, 2022
Acceptance Date February 12, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Alhassan, G. N., Alhassan, F. B., & Bosnak, A. S. (2022). Impact Assessment on Maintenance of Essential Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health and Nutrition Services in the Context of COVID-19: Insight from North-Central Nigeria. Konuralp Medical Journal, 14(S1), 219-229. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1039175
AMA Alhassan GN, Alhassan FB, Bosnak AS. Impact Assessment on Maintenance of Essential Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health and Nutrition Services in the Context of COVID-19: Insight from North-Central Nigeria. Konuralp Medical Journal. April 2022;14(S1):219-229. doi:10.18521/ktd.1039175
Chicago Alhassan, Gloria Nnadwa, Felicia Bodi Alhassan, and Ahmet Sami Bosnak. “Impact Assessment on Maintenance of Essential Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health and Nutrition Services in the Context of COVID-19: Insight from North-Central Nigeria”. Konuralp Medical Journal 14, no. S1 (April 2022): 219-29. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1039175.
EndNote Alhassan GN, Alhassan FB, Bosnak AS (April 1, 2022) Impact Assessment on Maintenance of Essential Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health and Nutrition Services in the Context of COVID-19: Insight from North-Central Nigeria. Konuralp Medical Journal 14 S1 219–229.
IEEE G. N. Alhassan, F. B. Alhassan, and A. S. Bosnak, “Impact Assessment on Maintenance of Essential Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health and Nutrition Services in the Context of COVID-19: Insight from North-Central Nigeria”, Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 14, no. S1, pp. 219–229, 2022, doi: 10.18521/ktd.1039175.
ISNAD Alhassan, Gloria Nnadwa et al. “Impact Assessment on Maintenance of Essential Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health and Nutrition Services in the Context of COVID-19: Insight from North-Central Nigeria”. Konuralp Medical Journal 14/S1 (April 2022), 219-229. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1039175.
JAMA Alhassan GN, Alhassan FB, Bosnak AS. Impact Assessment on Maintenance of Essential Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health and Nutrition Services in the Context of COVID-19: Insight from North-Central Nigeria. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2022;14:219–229.
MLA Alhassan, Gloria Nnadwa et al. “Impact Assessment on Maintenance of Essential Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health and Nutrition Services in the Context of COVID-19: Insight from North-Central Nigeria”. Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 14, no. S1, 2022, pp. 219-2, doi:10.18521/ktd.1039175.
Vancouver Alhassan GN, Alhassan FB, Bosnak AS. Impact Assessment on Maintenance of Essential Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health and Nutrition Services in the Context of COVID-19: Insight from North-Central Nigeria. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2022;14(S1):219-2.