Pandemi Döneminde Milletlerin Zenginliği: Aşı Eşitliği

Abstract

Koronavirüsün küresel ölçekte agresif bir şekilde yayılması, salgını kontrol altına almaya yönelik aşıların geliştirilmesinin aciliyetini ortaya koymuştur. Çoğunlukla gelişmiş ekonomiler için ayrılan sınırlı üretim ve aşı yetersizliği, 2021 yılının önemli bir kürsel sorunlarıydı. Gelişmekte olan ekonomiler için aşılanma takviminin 2022'nin sonlarına, hatta 2023'ün ilk aylarına kadar uzaması beklenmektedir. Bağışıklığı artırmaya yönelik uygulamaya konan programların bir parçası olarak, aşı geliştirme, lisanslama ve aşıların uygulanması, ülkeler arasındaki sağlık hizmeti kalite farkı, aşı eşitsizliğinin derinliğini ortaya koymuştur. Aşılama, bir yönüyle pandemide halk sağlığının korunmasında en düşük maliyetli stratejilerden biri olarak kabul edilirken, diğer yönüyle aşıların tanıtımı ve sürdürülebilir tedarikinin karar vericiler ve hükümetler tarafından desteklenmesi ve sağlanması gerekmektedir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerin zayıf ekonomik koşulları nedeniyle bu süreçte vatandaşlarına yeterli finansal ve sağlık desteği sağlayamamışlardır. Bununla birlikte, tüm ülkelerde aşılama yapamamaktan kaynaklanan küresel hasıla kaybı, aşıları küresel olarak üretme ve dağıtma maliyetinden daha yüksek olacaktır. Bu nedenle, hiçbir ülkeyi atlamadan küresel aşılamaya yönelik uluslararası işbirliğinin arttırılması hayati öneme haizdir. Bu makale, yüksek, orta ve düşük gelirli ülkelerde Covid-19 pandemi döneminde aşılamanın ekonomik ve sosyal faydalarına odaklanmaktadır. Aşı eşitsizliğinin sadece sağlık boyutu ile değil, asinine küresel etkinliğini de önemli ölçüde zedeleyecek bir sorun olduğundan hareketle, aşılamanın makroekonomik ve sosyal etkileri tartışılacak ve aşıdan hem ekonomik hem de sağlık açısından daha fazla fayda sağlanması için bazı politika önerileri ortaya konulacaktır.

Keywords

• Covid-19 pandemisi
• Aşı
• Gelişmekte olan ülkeler

The Wealth of Nations during the Pandemic: The Vaccine Equity

Abstract

Aggressive global dissemination of the coronavirus indicated the urgency of the development of vaccines at an unprecedented rate and scale. The limited production and short supply of vaccines which were reserved mostly for the advanced economies were the greatest problems of 2021. For emerging economies, this timeline will stretch to late 2022 or early 2023. As a part of systematic immunization programs, the development, licensing, and implementation of the vaccines against the Covid-19 virus started to address health service inequalities among countries. While on one hand vaccination is regarded to be one of the most cost-effective interventions in public health during the pandemic, on the other hand, the introduction and sustainable supply of vaccines needed to be supported and ensured by decision-makers and governments. Due to the weak economic conditions of developing countries, they could not provide enough financial and health support to their citizens during this period. However, since the global GDP loss from not inoculating all countries is higher than the cost of manufacturing and distributing vaccines globally, there has been a growing demand to international cooperation to have global vaccination without omitting any countries. This paper focuses on the economic and social costs and benefits of vaccinations during the Covid-19 pandemic period in advanced, middle, and low-income countries. Accordingly, macroeconomic and social impacts of vaccination will be discussed and some policy suggestions will be put forth to get more benefits from the vaccination both for economic and health outcomes.

Keywords

• Covid-19 pandemic
• Vaccine
• Developing countries

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