Relationship of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D with IL-4, IL-10, TNF Beta in Obese Patients

Year 2023, , 99 - 104, 15.03.2023

Gonca Gülbay , Yasemin Kaya

https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1211939

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship of vitamin B12 and vitamin D with IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-Beta in obese patients.
Methods: Serum IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-Beta levels were measured using kits based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) principle.
Results: The IL-10 level was found to be significantly lower in the low vitamin D group (p= 0.039). When vitamin B12 normal, vitamin B12 low and control groups were compared, a statistical difference was found between the groups in terms of IL-10 (p=0.002). As a result of post hoc analysis, the IL-10 level was found to be significantly lower in the vitamin B12 low group than in the vitamin B12 normal group (0.04). At the same time, vitamin B12 was statistically higher in the normal group (obesity positive) than in the control group (non-obese vit B12 normal) (p=0.001). A positive correlation was found between vitamin B12 and IL-10 (r= 0.203 p= 0.058).
Conclusion: It has been shown that low levels of vitamin D and vitamin B12 in obese patients cause low levels of IL-10. It was also found that obesity caused an increase in IL-10 levels. No relationship was found between IL-4 and TNF-Beta and vitamin D and vitamin B12. Longer follow-up and studies in larger case populations are needed to better understand the effects of vitamin B12 and vitamin D on IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-Beta levels in obese patients.

Keywords

IL-10, IL-4, Obesity, TNF-beta, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D

Supporting Institution

Ordu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Project Number

A-2136

Obez Hastalarda Vitamin B12 ve Vitamin D’ nin IL-4, IL-10, TNF-Beta ile İlişkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Obez hastalarda vitamin B12 ve vitamin D nin IL-10, IL-4, TNF-Beta ile ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Serum IL-10, IL-4 ve TNF-Beta seviyeleri ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) prensibine dayalı kitler kullanılarak ölçülmüştür.
Bulgular: IL-10 düzeyi, vitamin D düşük olan grupta anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulunmuştur (p= 0.039). Vitamin B12 normal, vitamin B12 düşük ve kontrol grupları karşılaştırıldığında IL-10 açısından gruplar arasında istatistiksel düzeyde fark bulunmuştur (p=0.002). Post hoc analizi sonucunda IL-10 düzeyi, vitamin B12 düşük grubunda vitamin B12 normal grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha düşük olarak tespit edilmiştir (0.04). Aynı zamanda vitamin B12 normal grupta (obezite pozitif) kontrol grubuna (non-obez vit B12 normal) göre daha yüksek olarak belirlenmiştir (p=0.001). IL-10 ile vitamin B12 ve Vitamin D arasında korelasyon bakıldığında vitamin B12 ile IL-10 arasında pozitif korelasyon bulundu (r=0.203 p= 0.058).
Sonuç: Obez hastalarda vitamin D ve vitamin B12 düşük seviyelerinin IL-10 düzeyinde düşüklüğe neden olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca obezitenin de IL-10 seviyesinde artışa neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. IL-4 ve TNF-Beta ile vitamin D ve vitamin B12 arasında ilişki bulunamamıştır. Obez hastalarda vitamin B12 ve vitamin D nin IL-4, IL-10, TNF-Beta düzeylerine etkilerini daha iyi görebilmek için daha uzun süreli takip ve daha geniş vaka popülasyonlarında çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

IL-10, IL-4, TNF-beta, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Obezite

Project Number

A-2136

References

• 1.Vakilian A, Razavi-Nasab SM, Ravari A, Mirzaei T, Moghadam-Ahmadi A, Jalali N et al. Vitamin B12 in Association with Antipsychotic Drugs Can Modulate the Expression of Pro-/Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Alzheimer Disease Patients. Neuroimmunomodulation 2017;24(6):310-319.
• 2.Akdoğan M, Yöntem M. Sitokinler. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2018; 3(1):36-45.
• 3. Sergei I. Grivennikov, Florian R. Greten and Michael Karin. Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer. Cell. 2010;140(6):883–899.
• 4. Zhang J-M, An J. Cytokines, Inflammation and Pain. International Anesthesiology Clinics. 2009;45(2):27-37.
• 5.Kartalcı Ş, Gönenir Erbay L, Porgalı Zayman E, Otlu Ö, Bay Karabulut A, Kartalcı G. IL-4, TGF-β, NF-κB and MPO levels in Patients with Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry 2016;27(3):170-175.
• 6.Opal SM, DePalo VA. Anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chest 2000;117(4):1162-1172.
• 7.Tang Z, Ye G, Chen X, Pan M, Fu J, Fu T, et al. Peripheral proinflammatory cytokines in Chinese patients with generalised anxiety disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:593-598.
• 8. Oztas D, Erdogan S, Benzil A, Nadar O, Erel O. A New Inflammatory Marker: Vitamin B12. J Immunol Clin Microbiol 2019; 4(1):1-12.
• 9. Mahalle N, Kulkarni MV, Garg MK, Naik SS. Vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia as correlates of cardiovascular risk factors in Indian subjects with coronary artery disease. J Cardiol 2013; 61(4): 289-294.
• 10. Oh R, Brown DL. Vitamin B12 deficiency. Am Fam Physician 2003; 67: 979-986.
• 11. Acar A, Evliyaoğlu O, Uzar E, Yücel Y, Çevik MU, Güzel I, et al. Serum Vitamin B12, Folic Acid and Ferritin Levels in Patients with Migraine. Turk Norol Derg 2011; 17:90-95.
• 12.Tek NA, Koçak T. Koronavirüsle (Covid-19) Mücadelede Beslenmenin Bağışıklık Sisteminin Desteklenmesinde Rolü. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2020; Özel Sayı: 18-45.
• 13. Bartley J. Vitamin D: emerging roles in infection and immunity. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010;8(12):1359-1369.
• 14. Cantorna MT, Snyder L, Lin YD, Yang L. Vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D regulation of T cells. Nutrients 2015;7(4):3011-3021.
• 15. Garbossa SG, Folli F. Vitamin D, sub-inflammation and insulin resistance. A window on a potential role for the interaction between bone and glucose metabolism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2017;18(2):243-258.
• 16. Sîrbe C, Rednic S, Grama A, Pop TL. An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23(17):9784.
• 17.Weir CB, Jan A. BMI Classification Percentile And Cut Off Points. 2022. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing;2022Jan–27.
• 18. Shipton MJ, Thachil J. Vitamin B12 deficiency - A 21st century perspective. Clin Med (Lond). 2015;15(2):145-150.
• 19. Holick MF. The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: Approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2017;18(2):153-165.
• 20. Guéant JL, Alpers DH. Vitamin B12, a fascinating micronutrient, which influences human health in the very early and later stages of life. Biochimie 2013; 95 (5): 967-969.
• 21. Popa C, Netea MG, van Riel PL, van der Meer JW, Stalenhoef AF. The role of TNF-alpha in chronic inflammatory conditions, intermediary metabolism, and cardiovascular risk. J Lipid Res 2007; 48 (4): 751-762.
• 22. Romain M, Sviri S, Linton DM, Stav I, van Heerden PV. The role of Vitamin B12 in the critically ill--a review. Anaesth Intensive Care 2016;44(4):447-452.
• 23. Al-Daghri NM, Rahman S, Sabico S, Yakout S, Wani K, Al-Attas OS. et al. Association of Vitamin B12 with Pro Inflammatory Cytokines and Biochemical Markers Related to Cardiometabolic Risk in Saudi Subjects. Nutrients 2016;8(9):460.
• 24.Jiang Y, Kanaoka Y, Feng C, Nocka K, Rao S, Boyce JA. J Immunol 2006;177(5):2755-2759.
• 25.Smith P, Ownby DR. Clinical significance of IgE. In: Middleton's allergy: Principles and practice, 7th edition. Adkinson NF, Bochner BS, Busse WW, et al (Eds), Mosby Elsevier, 2009.
• 26. Dorna JE, Pree I, Reisinger J, Marth K, Chen K-W, Vrtala S. et al. The majority of allergen-specific IgE in the blood of allergic patients does not originate from blood-derived B cells or plasma cells. Clin Exp Alergy 2012; 42:1347-1355.
• 27. Barone KS, Jain SL, Michael JG. Effect of in Vivo Depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ Cells on the Induction and Maintenance of Oral Tolerance. Cell Immunol 1995; 163 (1): 19-29.
• 28. Garside P, Steel M, Liew FY, Mowat. “CD4+ but Not CD8+ T Cells Are Required for the Induction of Oral Tolerance,” Int Immunol 1995; 7(3):501-504.
• 29.Grom AA, Murray KJ, Luyrink L, Emery H, Passo MH, Glass DN et al. Patterns of expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, tumor necrosis factor beta, and their receptors in synovia of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39(10):1703-1710.
• 30. Roifman CM, Dadi H, Somech R, Nahum A, Sharfe N. Characterization of ζ-associated protein, 70 kd (ZAP70)-deficient human lymphocytes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126(6): 1226-33