-

Abstract

Objective: In this study we evaluated the usefulness of 2nd to 4th (2nd:4th) digit length difference and ratio in determining hyperandrogenism in females and the relationship with metabolic syndrome. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional clinical study and examined 150 females who visited our clinic; 137 completed the study. We measured blood pressure and anthropometric values. Biochemical parameters associated with metabolic syndrome were also measured. Results:The mean age of our patient is 46.1 yrs. The 2nd:4th digit length difference and ratio were correlated slightly with total testosterone levels and positively with free testosterone levels (p=0.028, p=0.016, p=0.003, p=0.016). Sex hormone-binding globulin levels and 2nd:4th digit length difference and ratio were mildly negatively correlated (p=0.011, p=0.016). No statistically significant differences were found between 2nd:4th digit length difference and ratio, and metabolic syndrome parameters. Thus, the 2nd:4th digit length difference and ratio are significantly correlated with androgens. Conclusion: The 2nd:4th digit length difference and ratio, which are easily measurable values, can be used as an important predictor of hyperandrogenism in females. In the present study, 2nd:4th digit length difference and ratio were not statistically significantly correlated with metabolic syndrome; however, additional studies with a larger group of patients are necessary

Keywords

• Fingers, Hyperandrogenism, Metabolic Syndrome

Kadınlarda Hiperandrojenizm ve Metabolik Sendrom Belirleyicisi Olarak 2. ve 4. Parmak Uzunluk Farkı ve Oranı

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada kadınlarda 2. ve 4. parmak uzunluk farkı ve oranının hiperandrogenizm ve metabolik sendrom ile ilişkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel klinik çalışmada, kliniğimize başvuran 150 kadın incelendi ve 137’si çalışmayı tamamladı. Kadınların kan basıncı ve antropometrik değerleri ölçüldü. Metabolik sendrom ile ilişkili biyokimyasal parametreler değerlendirildi. Bulgular:Hastalarımızın yaş ortalaması 46,1 yıl idi. Hesaplanan 2. ve 4. parmak uzunluk farkı ve oranı total testosteron düzeyi ile orta seviyede, serbest testosteron düzeyi ile ise pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir (p=0.028, p=0.016, p=0.003, p=0.016). Seks hormonu bağlayıcı globulin düzeyleri ile 2. ve 4. parmak uzunluk farkı ve oranı arasında hafif negatif korelasyon saptandı (p=0.011, p=0.016). Metabolik sendrom parametreleri ile 2. ve 4. parmak uzunluk farkı ve oranı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı. Buna göre 2. ve 4. parmak uzunluk farkı ve oranının androjenler ile ilişkili olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Kolayca ölçülebilen 2. ve 4. parmak uzunluk farkı ve oranı, kadınlarda hiperandojenizmin önemli bir belirleyicisi olarak kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada, 2. ve 4. parmak uzunluk farkı ve oranı metabolik sendrom ile ilişkili bulunmadı, ancak daha geniş hasta grubu ile ek çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır

Keywords

• Parmaklar, Hiperandrojenizm, Metabolik Sendrom

References

1. Kondo T, Zakany J, Innis J, et al. Of fingers, toes and penises. Nature 1997; 390(6655): 29.
2. Mortlock DP, Inni s JW. Mutation of Hoxa 13 in hand-foot-genital syndrome. Nat Genet 1997; 15(2): 179- 80.
3. Manning JT, Scutt D, Wilson J, et al. The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinising hormone and oestrogen. Hum Reprod 1998; 13(11): 3000-4.
4. Lutchmaya S, Baron-Cohen S, Raggatt P, et al. 2nd to 4th digit ratios, fetal testosterone and estradiol. Early Hum Dev 2004; 77(1-2): 23-8.
5. Collaer ML, Hines M. Human behavioral sex differences: a role for gonadal hormones during early development? Psychol Bull 1995; 118(1): 55-107.
6. Ronalds G, Phillips DI, Godfrey KM, et al. The ratio of second to fourth digit lengths: a marker of impaired fetal growth? Early Hum Dev 2002; 68(1): 21-6.
7. Manning JT, Barley L, Lewis- Jones DI, et al. The 2nd to 4th digit ratio, sexual dimorphism, population differences and reproductive succes: evidence for seually antagonistic genes. Evol Hum Behav 2000; 21(3): 163-83.
8. Manning JT, Leinster S. The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length and age at presentation of breast cancer: a link with prenatal oestrogen? Breast 2001; 10: 355-7.

9. Manning JT, Bundred PE. The 2nd to 4th digit ratio and age at first myocardial infarction in men: evidence for a link with prenatal testosterone? Br J Cardiol 2001; 8: 720-3.
10. Yu DW, Shepard GH Jr. Is beauty in the eye of the beholder? Nature 1999; 399: 214-5.
11. Manning JT, Trivers RL, Thornhill R, et al. The 2nd:4th digit ratio and asymmetry of hand performance in Jamaican children. Laterality 2000; 5(2): 121-32.
12. Manning JT, Taylor RP. Second to fourth digit ratio and male ability in sport: implications for sexual selection in humans. Evol Hum Behav 2001; 22(1): 61-9.
13. Manning JT, Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, et al. The 2nd to 4th digit ratio and autism. Dev Med Child Neurol 2001; 43(3): 160-4.
14. Brown WM, Hines M, Fane B, et al. Masculinized finger length ratios in human males and females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Horm Behav 2002; 42(4): 380-6.
15. Okten A, Kalyonku M, Yaris N. The ratio of second-and fourth-digit lengths and congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Early Hum Dev 2002; 70(1-2): 47-54.
16. Manning JT. Digit Ratio: A Pointer to Fertility, Behavior and Health. New Jersey: Rutgers Univ Press, 2002.
17. Williams JHJ, Greenhalgh KD, Manning JT. Second to fourth finger ratio and possible precursors of developmental psychopathology in preschool children. Early Hum Dev 2003; 72(1): 57-65.
18. Corbould A. Effects of androgens on insulin action in women: is androgen excess a component of female metabolic syndrome? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008; 24(7): 520-32.
19. Fisher HE, Rich J, Island HD, et al. The second to fourth digit ratio: A measure of two hormonally-based temperament dimensions. Pers Individ Dif 2010; 49: 773-7.
20. Livingstone C, Callison M. Sex steroids and insulin resistance. Clin Sci (Lond) 2002;102(2):151-66.
21. Manning JT, Trivers RL, Singh D, et al. The mystery of female beauty. Nature 1999; 399(6733): 214-5.
22. MacInnis RJ, English DR, Gertig DM, et al. Body size and composition and prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003; 12: 1417–21.
23. Fink B, Neave N, Manning JT. Second to fourth Digit Ratio, Body Mass Index, Waist-to- Hip Ratio, and Waist-to- Chest Ratio: their relationships in heterosexual Men and Women. Ann Hum Biol 2003; 30(6): 728-38.
24. Muller DC, Manning JT, Hopper JL, et al. No strong association between second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and adult anthropometric measures with emphasis on adiposity. Ann Hum Biol 2013; 40(2): 201-4.