-

Abstract

Purpose: Echocardiography is used in diagnosis and follow-up of congenital and acquired cardiovascular disease and in assessment of cardiac structure and function. There are many studies that used echocardiography to evaluate cardiovascular diseases but the number of the epidemiological studies is scarce. The aim of this study is to research the frequency of cardiovascular diseases detected by echocardiography. Methods: The study was conducted in May and June, 2010 in the Social health center located in Yigilca, the north-east of Duzce. 400 adult subjects (>17 years old) from each family physician representatively stratified for sex, age and for rural-urban distribution were randomly assigned and invited to participate the study. A total of 2231 subjects with a mean age of 50±15 (age range 18 to 92) were interviewed. Data were obtained by measurements and echocardiography. Results: There was significant difference between men and women in all measurements except deceleration time (DT), Ejection Time (ET) and pulmonary artery pressure PAP values (p<0.01). The prevalence of diastolic dysfunction (DD) was 67.6%. There was no significant difference between men and women (p>0.05). The prevalence of ascending aorta dilatation was 3.2%, heart failure was 1.7%, bicuspid aorta was 0.8%, aortic stenosis was 3.4%. Aortic regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary regurgitation was detected in 38.9%, 52.8%, 12.4%. Conclusion: Because it is a portable and cheap method, the rate of using echocardiography in assessment of cardiovascular diseases increased. It should not ignore that by early detection and treatment, progression of diseases can be prevented and life quality of patients can be improved. Further epidemiological studies are needed to get more information about this issue

Keywords

• Epidemiology, Echocardiography, Diastolic Dysfunction

Türk Erişkinlerde Patolojik Ekokardiyografi Bulguları: Epidemiyolojik Gözlemsel Çalışma

Abstract

Türk Erişkinlerde Patolojik Ekokardiyografi Bulguları: Epidemiyolojik Gözlemsel Çalışma

Keywords

• Epidemiyoloji, Ekokardiyografi, Diyastolik disfonksiyon

References

1. Cakir B. Genetik Epidemiyoloji: Psikiyatrik Araştırmalarda Yeri ve Kullanımı Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2002; 13(4):300-11.
2. Devereux RB, Liebson PR, Horan MJ. Recommendations concerning use of echocardiography in hypertension and general population research. Hypertension. 1987;9(suppl II):II-97–II-104.
3. Savage DD, Garrison RJ, Kannel WB, et al. Considerations in the use of echocardiography in epidemiology: the Framingham study. Hypertension. 1987;9(suppl II):II-40 –II-44.
4. Gottdiener JS, Bednarz J, Devereux R, et al. American Society of Echocardiography. Report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee and The Task Force on Echocardiography in Clinical Trials Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17(10):1086-119.
5. Feigenbaum H, Armstrong WF, Ryan T. Echocardiography (7th ed). Philadelphia 2005;105-37.
6. Henry WL, DeMaria A, Gramiak R, et al. Report of the American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Nomenclature and Standards in Two-dimensional Echocardiography. Circulation, 1980;62:212-7.
7. Sahn DJ, De Maris A, Kisslo J, et al. For the committee on M-mode standardization of the American Society of Echocardiography Recommendation regarding quantitation in M-mode echocardiographic measurements. Circulation 1978;58:1072-83.
8. Penn MS, Smedira N, Lytle B, et al. Does coronary angiography before emergency aortic surgery affect in- hospital mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:889-94.

9. Papadakis MC, Leontiadis E, Manginas A, et al. Frequency of coronary artery in patients undergoing surgery for ascending aortic aeurysms. Am J Cardiol 2004;94:1433-5.
10. Jones EC, Devereux RB, Roman MJ, et al. Prevalence and corrallates of mitral regurgitation in population- based sample (The Strong Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 2001;87:298-304.
11. Devereux RB, Jones EC, Roman MJ, et al. Prevalence and correlates of mitral valve prolapse in a population-based sample of American Indians: The Strong Heart Study. American Journal of Medicine, 2001;111:679-85.
12. Mendez GF, Cowie MR. The epidemiological features of heart failure in developing countries: a review of the literature. Int J Cardiol 2001;80:213–19.
13. Agarwal AK, Venugopalan P, de Bono D. Prevalence and aetiology of heart failure in an Arab population. Eur J Heart Failure 2001;3:301–5.
14. Tarazzi L. Epidemiology of dilated cardiomyopathy: a still undetermined entity. Eur Heart J 1997;18:4-6.
15. McDonagh TA, Morrison CE, Lawrence A, et al. Symptomatic and asymptomatic left-ventricular systolic dysfunction in an urban population. Lancet 1997;350:829-33.
16. Schocken DD, Arrieta MI, Leaverton PE, et al. Prevalence and mortality rate of congestive heart failure in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;20:301-6.
17. Ho KKL, Pinsky JL, Kannel WB, et al. The epidemiology of heart failure: the Framingham Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22 Suppl A.:6-13.
18. Mosterd A, Hoes AW, de Bruyne MC, et al. Prevalence of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in the general population: the Rotterdam Study. Eur Heart J 1999;20:447-55.
19. Vasan RS, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, et al. Congestive heart failure in subjects with normal versus reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: prevalence and mortality in a population-based cohort. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33(7):1948-55.
20. Değertekin M, Erol C, Ergene O, et al. [Heart failure prevalence and predictors in Turkey: HAPPY study]. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2012;40(4):298-308. doi: 10.5543/tkda.2012.65031.
21. Bonow RO, Udelson JE. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as a cause of congestive heart failure. Mechanisms and management. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:502–10.
22. Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. Prevalence, clinical features and prognosis of diastolic heart failure: an epidemiologic perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:1565–74.
23. Soufer R, Wohlgelernter D, Vita NA, et al. Intact systolic left ventricular function in clinical congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1985;55:1032–6.
24. Aguirre FV, Pearson AC, Lewen MK, et al. Usefulness of Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1989;63:1098–102.
25. Senni M, Tribouilloy CM, Rodeheffer RJ, et al. Congestive heart failure in the community: a study of all incident cases in Olmsted County, Minnesota, in 1991. Circulation 1998;98:2282–9.
26. Redfield MM, Jacobsen SJ, Burnett JC, et al. Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community. Appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic. JAMA. 2003;289:194–202.
27. Abhayaratna W, Marwick TH, Smith WT, et al. Characteristics of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the community: an echocardiographic survey. Heart. 2006;92:1259 –64.
28. Bella JN, Palmieri V, Roman MJ, et al. Mitral ratio of peak early to late diastolic filling velocity as a predictor of mortality in middle-aged and elderly adults: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation. 2002;105:1928 –33.
29. Fischer M, Baessler A, Hense HW, et al. Prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the community. Results from a Doppler echocardiographic-based survey of a population sample. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:320 –8.
30. Yamada H, Goh PP, Sun JP, et al. Prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction by Doppler echocardiography: clinical application of the Canadian consensus guidelines. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2002;15(10 Pt 2):1238-44.
31. Pedersen F, Raymond I, Mehlsen J, et al. Prevalence of diastolic dysfunction as a possible cause of dyspnea in the elderly. Am J Med. 2005;118(1):25-31.
32. Zhang Y, Safar ME, Iaria P, et al. Prevalence and prognosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the elderly: The PROTEGER Study. Am Heart J. 2010;160(3):471-8.
33. Mohamed AL, Yong J, Masiyati J, et al. The prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension referred for echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function. Malays J Med Sci. 2004;11(1):66-74.
34. Adamu GU, Katibi AI, Opadijo GO, et al. Prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in newly diagnosed Nigerians with systemic hypertension: a pulsed wave Doppler echocardiographic study. Afr Health Sci. 2010;10(2):177-82.
35. Movahed MR, Ahmadi-Kashani M, Saito Y. Prevalence of suspected diastolic dysfunction in patients with a clinical diagnosis of congestive heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2005;10(4):263-4.
36. Chu PH, Chiang CW, Hsu LA, et al. Low prevalence of coronary arterial disease in Chinese adults with mitral stenosis. Chang Gung Med J. 2001;24(2):97-102.
37. Guray Y, Guray U, Yilmaz MB, et al. Prevalence of angiographically significant coronary artery disease in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. Acta Cardiol. 2004;59(3):305-9.
38. Movahed MR, Ahmadi-Kashani M, Kasravi B, et al. Increased prevalence of mitral stenosis in women. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2006;19(7):911-3.
39. Diao M, Kane A, Ndiaye MB, et al. Pregnancy in women with heart disease insub-Saharan Africa. Archives of Cardiovascular Disease 2011; 104:370-4.
40. Reid CL, Anton-Culver H, Yunis C, et al. Prevalence and clinical correlates of isolated mitral, isolated aortic regurgitation, and both in adults aged 21 to 35 years (from the CARDIA study) Am J Cardiol. 2007;99(6):830-4.
41. Varadarajan P, Sharma S, Heywood JT, et al. High prevalence of clinically silent severe mitral regurgitation in patients with heart failure: role for echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2006; 19(12):1458-61.
42. Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, et al. Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study) Am J Cardiol. 1999;83(6):897-902.
43. Panidis IP, McAllister M, Ross J, et al. Prevalence and severity of mitral regurgitation in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome: a Doppler echocardiographic study of 80 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;7(5):975-81.