Kronik Venöz Yetmezlikte Ağrı, Yaşam Kalitesi Ve Depresyon Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

ÖZET

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, KVY’ li bireylerde ağrı, depresyon düzeyi ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek ve cinsiyet farklılığının etkisini değerlendirmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya kronik venöz yetmezlik tanısı alan 180 birey dahil edildi.Çalışmaya dahil edilen bireylere ağrı şiddetini değerlendirmek için Visual Analog Skalası, sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesini değerlendirmek için Nottingham Sağlık Profili, hastalığa özel yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi için Venöz Yetmezlikte Epidemiyolojik ve Ekonomik Çalışma-Yaşam Kalitesi Anketi ve depresyon düzeylerinin belirlemek için Beck Depresyon Ölçeği kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin yaş ortalaması 61.1±10.34 yıldı. Yapılan korelasyon analizinde, VEINES-QOL yaşam kalitesi anketi ile visual ağrı skalası ve depresyon düzeyi arasında orta derecede negatif ilişkili olduğu bulundu (sırasıyla, r=-0.304, p=0.016; r=-0.278, p=0.029). Bununla birlikte, genel yaşam kalitesi anketi olan Nottingham sağlık profili toplam puanı (r=0.54, p=0.000) ile depresyon düzeyi arasında orta dereceli pozitif yöndebir ilişki bulundu. Nottingham sağlık profili toplam puanı (r=0.15, p=0.03) VAS arasında ise düşük düzeyde pozitif bir korelasyon gözlendi.

Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, KVY’ li bireylerin ağrı ve depresyon düzeylerinin hastalığa özel ve genel yaşam kalitelerini olumsuz bir şekilde etkilediği tespit edildi. Çalışmada ayrıca cinsiyete göre yaşam kaliteleri incelendiğinde kadınların yaşam kalitelerinin daha kötü, ağrı şiddetlerinin ise erkeklere göre daha iyi olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı.

Keywords

• Kronik venöz yetmezlik,yaşam kalitesi,Depresyon

Investigation of Association Between Pain, Quality of Life and Depression in Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between  pain, depression and quality of life in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.

Methods: A total of 180 patients who were diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency were included in the study. The Visual Analog Scale was used to assess pain, the Nottingham Health Profile was used to assess health related quality of life, the Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study – Quality of Life questionnaire was used to assess quality of life and the Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess depression status.

Results: The mean age of  individuals was determined 61.1±10.34 years. Based from analysis of the correlation, the Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study – Quality of Life scores was found to have a moderate negative correlation with Visual Analog Scale and depression level (respectively, r=-0.304, p=0.016; r=-0.278, p=0.029). In addition, there was a moderate positive correlation between the generic quality of life measured Nottingham Health Profile total score and depression level (r=0.54, p=0.000). A low positive correlation was observed between Nottingham Health Profile total score and Visual Analog Scale (r=0.15, p=0.03).

Conclusion: It has been determined that pain and depression adversely affect the specific and general quality of life in patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency. This study also demonstrated that the quality of life in women was worse although the severity of pain was better than men. In order to prevent symptoms of the disease in early period,  individuals should be trained about the disease and the importance of using stockings and ankle activating exercises should be explained personally. 

Keywords

• Chronic venous insufficiency,quality of life,Depression

References

1. Bergan JJ, Schmid-Schönbein GW, Smith PDC, Nicolaides AN, Boisseau MR, Eklof B. Chronic venous disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;2006(355):488-98.
2. 2. Callam M. Epidemiology of varicose veins. British Journal of Surgery. 1994;81(2):167-73.
3. 3. Evans C, Fowkes F, Ruckley C, Lee A. Prevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study. Journal of epidemiology and community health. 1999;53(3):149-53.
4. 4. Bergan J, Pascarella L. Venous anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology. The vein book: Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA; 2007. p. 39-45.
5. 5. Coghlan D. Chronic venous insufficiency. ASUM Ultrasound Bulletin. 2004;7(4):14-21.
6. 6. Guyatt GH, Bombardier C, Tugwell PX. Measuring disease-specific quality of life in clinical trials. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1986;134(8):889.
7. 7. Kurz X, Lamping DL, Kahn SR, Baccaglini U, Zuccarelli F, Spreafico G, et al. Do varicose veins affect quality of life? Results of an international population-based study. Journal of vascular surgery. 2001;34(4):641-8.
8. 8. Klyscz T, Jünger M, Schanz S, Janz M, Rassner G, Kohnen R. Quality of life in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Results of a study with the newly developed Tübingen Questionnaire for measuring quality of life of patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete. 1998;49(5):372-81.

9. 9. Kundu S, Lurie F, Millward SF, Padberg F, Vedantham S, Elias S, et al. Recommended reporting standards for endovenous ablation for the treatment of venous insufficiency: joint statement of the American Venous Forum and the Society of Interventional Radiology. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 2009;20(7):S417-S24.
10. 10. Garratt AM, Ruta DA, Abdalla MI, Buckingham JK, Russell IT. The SF36 health survey questionnaire: an outcome measure suitable for routine use within the NHS? Bmj. 1993;306(6890):1440-4.
11. 11. Kaplan RM, Criqui MH, Denenberg JO, Bergan J, Fronek A. Quality of life in patients with chronic venous disease: San Diego population study. Journal of vascular surgery. 2003;37(5):1047-53.
12. 12. Smith JJ, Guest MG, Greenhalgh RM, Davies AH. Measuring the quality of life in patients with venous ulcers. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 2000;31(4):642-9.
13. 13. van Korlaar I, Vossen C, Rosendaal F, Cameron L, Bovill E, Kaptein A. Quality of life in venous disease. THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS-STUTTGART-. 2003;90(1):27-35.
14. 14. Bertakis KD, Azari R, Callahan EJ. Patient pain: its influence on primary care physician-patient interaction. FAMILY MEDICINE-KANSAS CITY-. 2003;35(2):119-23.
15. 15. Ceran F, Ozcan A. The relationship of the Functional Rating Index with disability, pain, and quality of life in patients with low back pain. Medical science monitor. 2006;12(10):CR435-CR9.
16. 16. Kücükdeveci A, McKenna S, Kutlay S, Gürsel Y, Whalley D, Arasil T. The development and psychometric assessment of the Turkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 2000;23(1):31-8.
17. 17. Kutlu A, Yılmaz E, Çeçen D, Eser E, Özbakkaloğlu A. The Turkish validity and reliability of the venous insufficiency epidemiological and economic study-quality of life/symptoms scales. Angiology. 2011:0003319710394159.
18. 18. Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği. Psikoloji dergisi. 1989;7(23):3-13.
19. 19. Vasquez M, Munschauer C. Venous Clinical Severity Score and quality-of-life assessment tools: application to vein practice. Phlebology. 2008;23(6):259-75.
20. 20. Abenhaim L, Kurz X. The VEINES study (VEnous Insufficiency Epidemiologic and Economic Study): an international cohort study on chronic venous disorders of the leg. Angiology. 1997;48(1):59-66.
21. 21. Stücker M, Dörler M. Pain in chronic venous insufficiency (including venous claudication). Phlebologie. 2014;43:287-9.
22. 22. Aguilar-Ferrándiz ME, Castro-Sánchez AM, Matarán-Peñarrocha GA, de Dios Luna J, Moreno-Lorenzo C, Del Pozo E. Evaluation of pain associated with chronic venous insufficiency in Spanish postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2015;22(1):88-95.
23. 23. Duque MI, Yosipovitch G, Chan YH, Smith R, Levy P. Itch, pain, and burning sensation are common symptoms in mild to moderate chronic venous insufficiency with an impact on quality of life. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2005;53(3):503-7.
24. 24. Laurikka JO, Sisto T, Tarkka MR, Auvinen O, Hakama M. Risk indicators for varicose veins in forty-to sixty-year-olds in the Tampere varicose vein study. World journal of surgery. 2002;26(6):648-51.
25. 25. Criqui MH, Jamosmos M, Fronek A, Denenberg JO, Langer RD, Bergan J, et al. Chronic venous disease in an ethnically diverse population the san diego population study. American journal of epidemiology. 2003;158(5):448-56.
26. 26. Andreozzi G, Cordova R, Scomparin M, Martini R. Quality of life in chronic venous insufficiency: an Italian pilot study of the Triveneto Region. International angiology. 2005;24(3):272.
27. 27. y Peña ME, García RJ, Olalla JD, Llanos EV, de Miguel AG, Cordero XF. Impact of the most frequent chronic health conditions on the quality of life among people aged> 15 years in Madrid. The European Journal of Public Health. 2009:ckp098.
28. 28. Salomé GM, Ferreira LM. Qualidade de vida em pacientes com úlcera venosa em terapia compressiva por bota de Unna. Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica. 2012.
29. 29. Phillips T, Stanton B, Provan A, Lew R. A study of the impact of leg ulcers on quality of life: financial, social, and psychologic implications. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1994;31(1):49-53.