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Türkiye'nin Doğusunda Üçüncü Basamak Bir Hastanede İdrar Örneklerinden İzole Edilen Escherichia coli Suşlarının Antibiyotiklere Duyarlılıkları

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 141 - 148, 11.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.842668

Abstract

Amaç: Üriner sistem enfeksiyonlarının etkenleri arasında en sık Escherichia coli izole edilmektedir. Antibiyotiklere karşı gelişen direncin artması ve yayılması bütün dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de ciddi bir sorundur. Çalışmamızda, üriner sistem enfeksiyonu etkeni olan E. coli suşlarının antimikrobiyal duyarlılık profillerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Temmuz 2016–Temmuz 2019 tarihleri arasında 3 yıllık süreçte, Malatya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Üroloji servis ve polikliniklerine başvuran hastaların, idrar örneklerinden izole edilen 1850 Escherichia coli suşunun, Vitek 2.0 Compact otomatize sistemi (BioMérieux, Fransa) kullanılarak belirlenen antibiyotik duyarlılıkları bilgisayar kayıtları üzerinden retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Antibiyogram sonuçları duyarlı, orta duyarlı ve dirençli olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi aşamasında orta duyarlı suşlar dirençli olarak kabul edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Toplam 1850 örneğin 1300'ü (%70,3) kadın, 550’si (%29,7) erkek hastaya ait olup tüm hastaların yaş ortalaması 52 (18-104) idi. Hastaların 73'ü (%3,9) yatan hasta, 1777'si poliklinik hastasıydı. İzole edilen tüm Escherichia coli suşlarının ampisiline %39,2, amoksisilin-klavulonik asite %67,9, piperasilin-tazobaktama %80,8, sefuroksime %67,1, sefotaksime %68,8, sefiksime %67,7, seftazidime %71,2, sefepime %73,9, ertapeneme %97,9, imipeneme %99,5, meropeneme %99,7, amikasine %89,7, gentamisine %78,4, norfloksasine %65,8, siprofloksasine %65,9, nitrofurantoine %94,2 ve fosfomisine %96,5 duyarlı olduğu saptanmıştır. Yatan hastalarda direnç oranları ayaktan tedavi olanlara kıyasla yüksek bulunmuştur. Değişen yaş aralıklarında yaş ilerledikçe antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının düştüğü görülmüştür.

Sonuç: Toplum kökenli üriner sistem enfeksiyonlarında antimikrobiyal tedavi seçiminde, bölgesel antimikrobiyal direnç verileri göz önüne alınarak; direnç oranlarının düşük, hasta uyumunun yüksek olduğu, maliyet etkin tedavilerin tercihi tedavi başarısını artıracaktır. Özellikle nozokomiyal enfeksiyonlarda yüksek direnç oranları nedeni ile kültür antibiyogram sonucuna göre antibiyotik tedavisinin belirlenmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

References

  • 1. Ahmed SS, Shariq A, Alsalloom AA, Babikir IH, Alhomoud BN. Uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns: Relationship with urinary tract infections. Int J Health Sci. 2019;13(2):48-55.
  • 2. Waller TA, Pantin SAL, Yenior AL, Pujalte GG. Urinary tract infection antibiotic resistance in the United States. Prim Care. 2018;45(3):455-66.
  • 3. Karam MRA, Habibi M, Bouzari S. Urinary tract infection: Pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance and development of effective vaccines against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Mol Immunol. 2019;108:56-67.
  • 4. Lee DS, Lee SJ, Choe HS. Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection by Escherichia coli in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018.
  • 5. Cullen IM, Manecksha RP, McCullagh E, Ahmad S, O’Kelly F, Flynn R, et al. An 11-year analysis of the prevalent uropathogens and the changing pattern of Escherichia coli antibiotic resistance in 38,530 community urinary tract infections, Dublin 1999–2009. Ir J Med Sci. 2013;182(1):81-9.
  • 6. Bitew A, Molalign T, Chanie M. Species distribution and antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial uropathogens among patients complaining urinary tract infections. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):654.
  • 7. Karageorgopoulos DE, Wang R, Yu XH, Falagas ME. Fosfomycin: evaluation of the published evidence on the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;67(2):255-68.
  • 8. Reffert JL, Smith WJ. Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Resistant Gram‐Negative Bacterial Infections. Pharmacotherapy. 2014;34(8):845-57. 9. Kılıç E, Yenilmez F. Türkiye ve AB Ülkelerinde Antibiyotik Kullanımı ve Dış Ticaret Dengesi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme-An Evaluation on Antibiotic use, Antibiotic Resistance and Trade Balance in Turkey and Eu Countries. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2019;4(1):45-54.
  • 10. Ulusal Antimikrobiyal Direnç Surveyans Sistemi, 2016 Yıllık Raporu. Available from https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/Mikrobiyoloji_Referans_Laboratuvarlari_ve_Biyolojik_Urunler_DB/uamdss/yillik_raporlar/UAMDSS_2016_Rapor.pdf
  • 11. Rafalskiy V, Pushkar D, Yakovlev S, Epstein O, Putilovskiy M, Tarasov S, et al. Distribution and antibiotic resistance profile of key gram-negative bacteria that cause community-onset urinary tract infections in the Russian Federation: RESOURCE multicentre surveillance 2017 study. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2020;21:188-94.
  • 12. Yousefı Rad A, Bilge S, Fidan A. Comparison of Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Urinary System Infections to Ciprofoxacin and other Antibiotics. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2018;65(3):115-9.
  • 13. Deveci O, Yula E, Ozer TT, Tekin A. In-vitro activity of fosfomycin trometamol and some other antibiotics against Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections. Dicle Tıp Derg. 2011;38(3):298-300.
  • 14. Gozukucuk R, Cakıroglu B, Nas Y. Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infection. JAREM. 2012;2:101-3.
  • 15. Zengin K, Tanık S, Albayrak S, Kaba M, Pirinççi N. The urinary system infectious agents and their antibiotics susceptibilities in Van district. Bozok Tıp Derg. 2014;4:1-5.
  • 16. Tekin A, Deveci Ö, Dal T, Tekin R, Özekinci T, Dayan S. Üropatojen Escherichia coli izolatlarına fosfomisin ve bazı antibiyotiklerin in vitro etkinliği. Ankem Derg. 2012;26(2):61-8.
  • 17. Yılmaz N, Ağuş N, Bayram A, Şamlıoğlu P, MC, Şirin, Derici YK, Hancı SY. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Escherichia coli isolates as agents of community-acquired urinary tract infection (2008–2014). Turk J Urol. 2016;42(1):32-6.

Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Urine Samples in a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 141 - 148, 11.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.842668

Abstract

Objective: Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections. The increase and spread of resistance to antibiotics is a serious problem in our country as well as in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of E.coli strains that cause urinary tract infection.

Method: The antibiotic susceptibilities of 1850 E.coli strains isolated from urine samples of patients who applied to Urology service and outpatient clinics of Malatya Education and Research Hospital, which is a tertiary care hospital in eastern part of Turkey, over the 3 years between July 2016 and July 2019, were evaluated retrospectively from computer records using the Vitek 2.0 Compact automated system (BioMérieux, France). Antibiogram results were classified as susceptible, moderately susceptible and resistant.

Result: Of the total 1850 samples, 1300 (70.3%) were female and 550 (29.7%) were male, with a mean age of 52 (18-104) years. 73 (3.9%) of the patients were inpatients and 1777 were outpatients. All the isolated E.coli strains were found to be susceptible to ampicillin 39.2%, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 67.9%, piperacillin-tazobactam 80.8%, cefuroxime 67.1%, cefotaxime 68.8%, cefixime 67.7%, ceftazidime 71.2%, cefepime 73.9%, ertapeneme 97.9%, imipeneme 99.5%, meropeneme 99.7%, amikacin 89.7%, gentamicin 78.4%, norfloxacine 65.8%, ciprofloxacine 65.9%, nitrofurantoin 94.2% and fosfomycin 96.5%. Resistance rates were higher in inpatients as compared to outpatients. Antibiotic susceptibilities were found to be decreased in different age ranges with increasing age.


Conclusion: When selecting the antimicrobial treatment in community-acquired UTIs, considering the antimicrobial resistance data in the region, the choice of cost-effective treatment with high patient compliance and low resistance rates will increase treatment success. It is thought that antibiotic treatment should be determined according to the results of culture antibiograms, especially in nosocomial infections due to high resistance rates.

References

  • 1. Ahmed SS, Shariq A, Alsalloom AA, Babikir IH, Alhomoud BN. Uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns: Relationship with urinary tract infections. Int J Health Sci. 2019;13(2):48-55.
  • 2. Waller TA, Pantin SAL, Yenior AL, Pujalte GG. Urinary tract infection antibiotic resistance in the United States. Prim Care. 2018;45(3):455-66.
  • 3. Karam MRA, Habibi M, Bouzari S. Urinary tract infection: Pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance and development of effective vaccines against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Mol Immunol. 2019;108:56-67.
  • 4. Lee DS, Lee SJ, Choe HS. Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection by Escherichia coli in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018.
  • 5. Cullen IM, Manecksha RP, McCullagh E, Ahmad S, O’Kelly F, Flynn R, et al. An 11-year analysis of the prevalent uropathogens and the changing pattern of Escherichia coli antibiotic resistance in 38,530 community urinary tract infections, Dublin 1999–2009. Ir J Med Sci. 2013;182(1):81-9.
  • 6. Bitew A, Molalign T, Chanie M. Species distribution and antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial uropathogens among patients complaining urinary tract infections. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):654.
  • 7. Karageorgopoulos DE, Wang R, Yu XH, Falagas ME. Fosfomycin: evaluation of the published evidence on the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;67(2):255-68.
  • 8. Reffert JL, Smith WJ. Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Resistant Gram‐Negative Bacterial Infections. Pharmacotherapy. 2014;34(8):845-57. 9. Kılıç E, Yenilmez F. Türkiye ve AB Ülkelerinde Antibiyotik Kullanımı ve Dış Ticaret Dengesi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme-An Evaluation on Antibiotic use, Antibiotic Resistance and Trade Balance in Turkey and Eu Countries. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2019;4(1):45-54.
  • 10. Ulusal Antimikrobiyal Direnç Surveyans Sistemi, 2016 Yıllık Raporu. Available from https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/Mikrobiyoloji_Referans_Laboratuvarlari_ve_Biyolojik_Urunler_DB/uamdss/yillik_raporlar/UAMDSS_2016_Rapor.pdf
  • 11. Rafalskiy V, Pushkar D, Yakovlev S, Epstein O, Putilovskiy M, Tarasov S, et al. Distribution and antibiotic resistance profile of key gram-negative bacteria that cause community-onset urinary tract infections in the Russian Federation: RESOURCE multicentre surveillance 2017 study. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2020;21:188-94.
  • 12. Yousefı Rad A, Bilge S, Fidan A. Comparison of Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Urinary System Infections to Ciprofoxacin and other Antibiotics. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2018;65(3):115-9.
  • 13. Deveci O, Yula E, Ozer TT, Tekin A. In-vitro activity of fosfomycin trometamol and some other antibiotics against Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections. Dicle Tıp Derg. 2011;38(3):298-300.
  • 14. Gozukucuk R, Cakıroglu B, Nas Y. Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infection. JAREM. 2012;2:101-3.
  • 15. Zengin K, Tanık S, Albayrak S, Kaba M, Pirinççi N. The urinary system infectious agents and their antibiotics susceptibilities in Van district. Bozok Tıp Derg. 2014;4:1-5.
  • 16. Tekin A, Deveci Ö, Dal T, Tekin R, Özekinci T, Dayan S. Üropatojen Escherichia coli izolatlarına fosfomisin ve bazı antibiyotiklerin in vitro etkinliği. Ankem Derg. 2012;26(2):61-8.
  • 17. Yılmaz N, Ağuş N, Bayram A, Şamlıoğlu P, MC, Şirin, Derici YK, Hancı SY. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Escherichia coli isolates as agents of community-acquired urinary tract infection (2008–2014). Turk J Urol. 2016;42(1):32-6.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Esra Erdoğan 0000-0003-1626-6033

Mehmet Levent Akbulut 0000-0002-8307-6216

Publication Date March 11, 2021
Acceptance Date February 25, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Erdoğan, E., & Akbulut, M. L. (2021). Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Urine Samples in a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Turkey. Konuralp Medical Journal, 13(1), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.842668
AMA Erdoğan E, Akbulut ML. Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Urine Samples in a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Turkey. Konuralp Medical Journal. March 2021;13(1):141-148. doi:10.18521/ktd.842668
Chicago Erdoğan, Esra, and Mehmet Levent Akbulut. “Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Urine Samples in a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Turkey”. Konuralp Medical Journal 13, no. 1 (March 2021): 141-48. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.842668.
EndNote Erdoğan E, Akbulut ML (March 1, 2021) Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Urine Samples in a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Turkey. Konuralp Medical Journal 13 1 141–148.
IEEE E. Erdoğan and M. L. Akbulut, “Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Urine Samples in a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Turkey”, Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 141–148, 2021, doi: 10.18521/ktd.842668.
ISNAD Erdoğan, Esra - Akbulut, Mehmet Levent. “Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Urine Samples in a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Turkey”. Konuralp Medical Journal 13/1 (March 2021), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.842668.
JAMA Erdoğan E, Akbulut ML. Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Urine Samples in a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Turkey. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2021;13:141–148.
MLA Erdoğan, Esra and Mehmet Levent Akbulut. “Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Urine Samples in a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Turkey”. Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 13, no. 1, 2021, pp. 141-8, doi:10.18521/ktd.842668.
Vancouver Erdoğan E, Akbulut ML. Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Urine Samples in a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Turkey. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2021;13(1):141-8.