Does Saccharin Have Effect on Appetite, Energy Intake, and Serum Ghrelin? A Randomized, Controlled, Cross-Over Study in Healthy Males

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 415 - 423, 29.06.2022

Aylin Bayındır Gümüş , Alev Keser , Esra Tunçer , Tuğba Altuntaş Yıldız , İlknur Kepenekci Bayram

https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1057978

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Objective: Instead of sugar, artificial sweeteners that do not contain energy are widely used. However, contrary to popular belief, artificial sweeteners are thought to affect metabolism. Thus, purpose of this present study was to evaluate effects of saccharin on serum ghrelin, appetite, and food consumption.
Method: Nine healthy males aged 20-29 participated in the randomized, controlled, and cross-over study. Each participant received 300 ml water, and 300 ml water containing 75 grams sucrose and 240 milligrams saccharin. At baseline, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th, and 180th min, Visual Analog Scale was applied to evaluate appetite, and blood samples were taken to analyze ghrelin. After 180th min, participants consumed ad libitum diet, and kept 24-hours dietary food intake records until the end of this day.
Results: At 60th and 120th min, mean ghrelin level was higher in drinks containing only water and saccharin compared to drink containing sucrose (p<0.05). In addition, in 90th min following drink consumption, mean ghrelin level was higher in drink containing saccharin than sucrose test drink (p<0.05). Mean prospective food consumption and desire to eat score at 120th min after drink consumption was higher in saccharin test drink than sucrose test drink (p<0.05). Difference between energy and macronutrient intake was statistically insignificant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: To achieve body weight control, the frequency and amount of consumption of saccharin foods and drinks should be reduced and controlled. Because it seems to have an effect on appetite in the acute period.

Keywords

Saccharin, energy intake, appetite, ghrelin level, artificial sweetener

Sakarinin İştah, Enerji Alımı ve Serum Ghrelin Üzerinde Etkisi Var mı? Sağlıklı Erkeklerde Randomize, Kontrollü, Çapraz Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Günümüzde şeker yerine enerji içermeyen yapay tatlandırıcılar yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak bilinenin aksine yapay tatlandırıcıların metabolizmayı çeşitli yönlerden etkilediği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sakarinin serum ghrelin düzeyi, iştah ve besin tüketimi üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir.
Metod: Randomize, kontrollü ve çapraz olarak yapılan çalışmaya 20-29 yaşları arasında dokuz sağlıklı erkek katılmıştır. Her katılımcıya 300 ml su, 75 gram sakaroz içeren 300 ml su ve 240 miligram sakarin içeren 300 ml su verilmiştir. Başlangıç, 30., 60., 90., 120. ve 180. dakikalarda iştahı değerlendirmek için Görsel Analog Skala uygulanmış ve ghrelin analizi için kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Yüzsekseninci sonra katılımcılar ad libitum beslenmişler ve her uygulama günün sonuna kadar 24 saatlik diyet besin tüketim kaydı tutmuşlardır.
Bulgular: Altmışıncı ve 120. dakikalarda sadece su ve sakarinli içeceklerde ortalama ghrelin düzeyi sükroz içeren içeceğe kıyasla daha yüksektir (p<0.05). Ayrıca içecek tüketimini takip eden 90. dakikada sakarin içeren içecekte ortalama ghrelin düzeyi sükroz içerene göre daha yüksektir (p<0.05). İçecek tüketiminden sonraki 120. dakikada ortalama besin tüketme potansiyeli ve yemek yeme isteği skorları, sakarin test içeceğinden sonra sükroz test içeceğine kıyasla daha yüksektir (p<0.05). Enerji ve makro besin ögesi alımlarında uygulamalar arasında farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Vücut ağırlığı kontrolünü sağlamak için sakarinli yiyecek ve içeceklerin tüketim sıklığı ve miktarı azaltılmalı ve kontrol altına alınmalıdır. Bunun nedeni çalışmadaki akut sakarin tüketiminin iştah üzerindeki etkilerini gösteren bulgulardır.

Keywords

Sakarin, enerji alımı, iştah, ghrelin düzeyi, yapay tatlandırıcılar

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