Turkish Adaptation of the Mental Health Literacy Scale for Healthcare Students: A Study of Validity and Reliability

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 429 - 437, 20.10.2022

Seher Palanbek Yavaş Caner Baysan Ayşe Emel Önal Özkan Ayvaz

https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1113580

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Objective: This study has aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Mental Health Literacy in Healthcare Students (MHLS-HS).
Method: The study sample comprises 275 students at Istanbul Medical Faculty between the ages of 18 and 27. Data were collected using the MHLS-HS, the Beliefs about Mental Illness Scale (BMI), and the Positive Mental Health Scale (PMS). For language adaptation, translation, back translation, expert comments, and a trial application were conducted. Validity was determined using the content validity index and confirmatory factor analysis, while reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha analysis and the test-retest method.
Results: The content validity index of the scale was found to be 0.99 and the item loads were found to be 0.38-0.94 according to confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.79 for the whole scale and between 0.60-0.89 for the five sub-dimensions. In equivalent criterion validity, it was determined that BMI had a weak negative correlation (r=-0.391, p<0.001) and a weak positive correlation (r=0.291, p<0.001) with PMS. A statistically significant difference was found in the sub-dimensions of Maintaining Positive Mental Health, Stigmatizing Mental Illnesses, and Seeking Help Effectiveness between those with and without mental illness in the discrimination analysis of the RSS-SS scale (p<0.001, p=0.029, p=0.034, respectively).
Conclusion: The Mental Health Literacy Scale in Healthcare Students was found to be valid and reliable. It can be used to assess and improve the educational experience of medical school students.

Keywords

Mental Health Literacy, validity, reliability, healthcare students, scale

Project Number

yok

Sağlık Öğrencileri İçin Ruh Sağlığı Okuryazarlık Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Sağlık Öğrencileri için Ruh Sağlığı Okuryazarlık Ölçeğinin (RSOÖ-SÖ) Türkçe uyarlaması için geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik yapılması amaçlanmıştır.
Method: Çalışma örneklemi 18-27 yaş arasında İstanbul Tıp Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 275 kişiden oluşmaktadır. RSOÖ-SÖ ölçeği, Ruhsal Hastalıklara Yönelik İnanç Ölçeği (RHYİÖ) ve Pozitif Mental Sağlık Ölçeğini (PMSÖ) veri toplamada kullanılmıştır. Dil uyarlaması için çeviri, geri çeviri, uzman görüşleri ve pilot uygulama yapılmıştır. Geçerlik için kapsam geçerlilik indeksi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve güvenilirliği test etmek için Cronbach alfa analizi, test-tekrar test yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Ölçeğin kapsam geçerlilik indeksi 0.99 ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizine göre madde yükleri 0.38-0.94 olduğu bulunmuştur. Cronbach alfa katsayısı tüm ölçek için 0.79, beş alt boyutu için ise 0.60-0.89 arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Eşdeğer ölçüt geçerliliğinde RHYİÖ ile negatif yönlü zayıf korelasyon (r=-0.391, p<0.001), PMSÖ ile ise pozitif yönlü zayıf korelasyon (r=0.291, p<0.001) gösterdiği saptanmıştır. RSOÖ-SÖ ölçeğinin ayırt edicilik analizinde ruhsal hastalığı olan ve olmayanlar arasında Pozitif Ruh Sağlığını Sürdürme, Ruhsal Hastalıkları Damgalama ve Yardım arama etkinliği alt boyutlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (Sırasıyla p<0.001, p=0.029,p=0.034).
Sonuç: Sağlık Öğrencileri için Ruh Sağlığı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu saptanmıştır. Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde eğitimin değerlendirilmesi ve iyileştirilmesi için kullanılabilir.

Keywords

Ruh Sağlığı Okuryazarlığı, geçerlik, güvenirlik, sağlık öğrencileri, ölçek

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Thanks

yok

References

• 1. World Health Organization. Promoting mental health: concepts, emerging evidence, practice (Summary Report). [Internet]. Switzerland. World Health Organization; 2004. [cited 2022 March 20].Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42940
• 2. Keyes CLM. Mental health as a complete state: The salutogenic perspective completes the picture. In: Bauer GF, Hämmig O, editors. Bridging Occupational, Organizational and Public Health: A Transdisciplinary Approach. Dordrecht (Netherlands); Springer; 2014. p. 179-92.
• 3. World Health Organization. [Internet]. Switzerland. Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. World Health Organization;2017. [cited 2022 March 20]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254610.
• 4. James SL, Abate D, Abate KH, Abay SM, Abbafati C, Abbasi N, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789–858.
• 5. Thornicroft G. Most people with mental illness are not treated. Lancet. 2007;370(9590):807–8.
• 6. Henderson C, Evans-Lacko S, Thornicroft G. Mental illness stigma, help seeking, and public health programs. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(5):777–80.
• 7. Kelly CM, Jorm AF, Wright A. Improving mental health literacy as a strategy to facilitate early intervention for mental disorders. 2007;187(7):1–5.
• 8. Wei Y, McGrath PJ, Hayden J, Kutcher S. Mental health literacy measures evaluating knowledge, attitudes and help-seeking: A scoping review. BMC Psychiatry [Internet]. 2015;15(1). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0681-9
• 9. Picco L, Abdin E, Pang S, Vaingankar JA, Jeyagurunathan A, Chong SA, et al. Association between recognition and help-seeking preferences and stigma towards people with mental illness. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2018;27(1):84–93.
• 10. Jorm AF, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, Christensen H, Rodgers B, Pollitt P. “Mental health literacy”: A survey of the public’s ability to recognise mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment. Med J Aust. 1997;166(4):182–6.
• 11. O’Connor M, Casey L. The Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS): A new scale-based measure of mental health literacy. Psychiatry Res. 2015;229(1–2):511–6.
• 12. Campos L, Dias P, Palha F, Duarte A, Veiga E. Development and psychometric properties of a new questionnaire for assessing mental health literacy in young people. Univ Psychol. 2016;15(2):61–72.
• 13. Dias P, Campos L, Almeida H, Palha F. Mental health literacy in young adults: Adaptation and psychometric properties of the mental health literacy questionnaire. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(7).
• 14. Chao HJ, Lien YJ, Kao YC, Tasi IC, Lin HS, Lien YY. Mental Health Literacy in Healthcare Students: An Expansion of the Mental Health Literacy Scale. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(3):1–15.
• 15. Quek TTC, Tam WWS, Tran BX, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Ho CSH, et al. The global prevalence of anxiety among medical students: A meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(15). :2735. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152735.
• 16. Wilkes C, Lewis T, Brager N, Bulloch A, MacMaster F, Paget M, et al. Wellbeing and mental health amongst medical students in Canada. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2019;31(7–8):584–7.
• 17. Thornicroft G, Mehta N, Clement S, Evans-Lacko S, Doherty M, Rose D, et al. Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination. Lancet . 2016;387(10023):1123–32.
• 18. Lien YY, Lin HS, Lien YJ, Tsai CH, Wu TT, Li H, et al. Challenging mental illness stigma in healthcare professionals and students: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Psychol Heal. 2021;36(6):669–84.
• 19. Bor JS. Among the elderly, many mental illnesses go undiagnosed: Few health care providers have the training to address depression, anxiety, and other conditions in their older patients. Health Aff. 2015;34(5):727–31.
• 20. Liu CH, Zhang E, Wong GTF, Hyun S, Hahm HC. Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical implications for U.S. young adult mental health. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Aug;290:113172. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113172.
• 21. Petscher Y, Schatschneider C CD. Applied quantitative analysis in education and the social sciences. 1st Editio. New York: Routledge; 2013. p.169–242.
• 22. Lukat J, Margraf J, Lutz R, Der Veld WM, Becker ES. Psychometric properties of the positive mental health scale (PMH-scale). BMC Psychol. 2016;4(1):1–14.
• 23. Akbaba AY, Eldeleklioğlu J. Adaptation of Positive Mental Health Scale into Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. J Fam Couns Educ. 2017;4(1):44–54.
• 24. Hirai M, Clum GA. Development, Reliability, and Validity of the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2000;22:221–36.
• 25. Bilge A, Çam O. Ruhsal Hastalığa Yönelik İnançlar Ölçeği’nin geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği. Anadolu Psikiyatr Derg. 2008;9(2):91–6.
• 26. Reha A. Spor, Sağlık ve Eğitim Bilimlerinden Örneklerle Uygulamalı İstatistik ve Geçerlik-Güvenirlik. Ankara: Detay Yayınları; 2018.
• 27. Floyd FJ, Widaman KF. Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychol Assess. 1995;7(3):286–95.
• 28. Büyüköztürk Ş. Data Analysis Handbook for Social Sciences, Statistics, Research Design SPSS Applications. 23 th. Ankara: Academy Press; 2017.
• 29. Dede Y, Yaman S. A Questionnaire for Motivation toward Science Learning : A Validity and Reliability Study. Necatibey Faculty of Education, Electronic Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. 2008;2(1):19–37.
• 30. Kartal M, Bardakçı S. SPSS ve AMOS uygulamalı örneklerle güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizleri. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi; 2018. p.186 .
• 31. Jorm AF. Mental health literacy: empowering the community to take action for better mental health. Am Psychol. 2012;67(3):231–43.
• 32. Svensson B, Hansson L. How mental health literacy and experience of mental illness relate to stigmatizing attitudes and social distance towards people with depression or psychosis: A cross-sectional study. Nord J Psychiatry. 2016;70:309–13. , 33. Ryan RM, Patrick H, Deci EL, Williams GC. Facilitating health behaviour change and its maintenance: Interventions based on self-determination theory. Eur Heal Psychol. 2008;10:2–5.
• 34. Murden F, Bailey D, Mackenzie F, Oeppen RS BP. The impact and effect of emotional resilience on performance: an overview for surgeons and other healthcare professionals. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;56(9):786–90.
• 35. Ayranci Ü, Yenilmez Ç. Eskişehir İlinde Birinci Basamak Sağlık Kurumlarında Verilen Ruh Sağlğı Hizmetlerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Türk Psikiyatr Derg. 2002;13(2):115–24.
• 36. Kitchener BA, Jorm AF. Mental health first aid training: review of evaluation studies. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006;40(1):6–8.
• 37. Link BG, Phelan JC. Labeling and stigma. In: Scheid TL, Brown TN editors. In A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories and Systems. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2010. p. 571–87.