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Stroop Etkisinin Nörobilişsel Açıdan İncelenmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 223 - 228, 14.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.3.24

Abstract

Stroop Renk ve Kelime Testi (SCWT), belirli bir uyaran özelliğinin işlenmesi, Stroop Etkisi olarak bilinen ikinci bir uyaran özelliğinin aynı anda işlenmesini engellediğinde ortaya çıkan bilişsel müdahaleyi engelleme yeteneğini değerlendirmek için yaygın olarak kullanılan bir nöropsikolojik testtir. Stroop etkisinin popülaritesinin iki nedeni öne sürülmektedir. İstatistiksel olarak güvenilir etkisine rağmen etki için yeterli bir açıklamanın olmamasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Stroop etkisinin nörobilişsel açıdan incelenmesidir. Alan yazına bakıldığında daha çok deneysel ve istatistiki araştırmalara rastlanmaktadır. Stroop etkisinin nörobilişsel etkileri bulunmamaktadır hipotezi doğrultusunda araştırmada veri toplama yolu olarak, "belge tarama- literatür tarama" yönteminden yararlanılmıştır.

References

  • Banich, M.T., Milham, M.P., Atchley, R., Cohen, N.J., Webb, A., Wszalek, T., Kramer, A.F., Liang, Z.P., Wrigh, A., Shenker, J., & Magin, R. (2000). fMRI studies of Stroop tasks reveal unique roles of anterior and posterior brain systems in attentional selection. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 12(6), 988-1000.
  • Ben, B.M.D., Nguyen, L.L.T., & van Lieshout, P.H.H.M. (2011). Stroop effects in persons with traumatic brain injury: Selective attention, speed of processing, or color-naming? A meta-analysis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17(02), 354-363.
  • Bench, C.J., Frith, C.D., Grasby, P.M., Friston, K.J., Paulesu, E., Frackowiak, R.S.J., & Dolan, R.J. (1993). Investigations of the functional anatomy of attention using the Stroop test. Neuropsychologia 31, 907-922.
  • Brandt, J. (1991). Cognitive impairment in Huntington's disease: insight into the neuropsychology of the striatum. In F. Boller, & J. Grafman (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology (pp. 241 264). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Brown, R.G., & Marsden, C.D. (1991). Dual task performance and processing resources in normal subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain, 114, 215-231.
  • Cohen, J.D., & Servan-Schreiber, D. (1992). Context, cortex, and dopamine: A connectionist approach to behaviour and biology in schizophrenia. Psychol. Rev., 99, 45-77.
  • Cohen, J.D., Dunbar, K., & McClelland, J.L. (1990). On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect. Psychological Review, 97(3), 332-361. Dormal, V., Seron, X., & Pesenti, M. (2006). Numerosity-duration interference: A Stroop experiment. Acta psychologica, 121(2), 109-124.
  • Fuster, J.M. (1989). The prefrontal cortex. anatomy, physiolofly, and neuropsycholoqy of the frontal lobe. New York: Raven Press.
  • Frings, C., Englert, J., Wentura, D., & Bermeitinger, C. (2010). Decomposing the emotional Stroop effect. Quarterly journal of experimental psychology, 63(1), 42-49
  • Golden, C.J. (1976). Identification of brain disorders by the Stroop Color and Word Test. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32(3), 654–658.
  • Heitz, R.P., Unsworth, N., & Engle, R.W. (2005). Working memory capacity, attention control, and fluid intelligence. In O. Wilhelm, & R.W. Engle (Eds.), Handbook of understanding and measuring intelligence (pp. 61-77). New York: Sage Publications.
  • Howieson, D.B., Lezak, M.D., & Loring, D.W. (2004). Orientation and attention. Neuropsychological assessment, 365-367.
  • Kampman, M., Keijsers, G.P., Verbraak, M. J., Näring, G., & Hoogduin, C.A. (2002). The emotional Stroop: a comparison of panic disorder patients, obsessive–compulsive patients, and normal controls, in two experiments. Journal of anxiety disorders, 16(4), 425-441.
  • King, J. A., Colla, M., Brass, M., Heuser, I., & von Cramon, D. (2007). Inefficient cognitive control in adult ADHD: evidence from trial-by-trial Stroop test and cued task switching performance. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 3(1), 42.
  • Kornblum, S. (1965). Response competition and/or inhibition in two-choice reaction time. Psychonomic Science, 2(2), 55-56.
  • Lansbergen, M.M., Kenemans, J.L., & van Engeland, H. (2007). Stroop interference and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychology, 21(2), 251.
  • Larsen, R.J., Mercer, K.A., & Balota, D.A. (2006). Lexical characteristics of words used in emotional Stroop experiments. Emotion, 6(1), 62.
  • Logan, G.D., & Zbrodoff, N.J. (1998). Stroop-type interference: Congruity effects in color naming with typewritten responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24(3), 978–992.
  • MacLeod, C.M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163-203.
  • MacLeod, C.M. (1992). The Stroop task: The "gold standard" of attentional measures. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 121(1), 12-14.
  • MacLeod, C.M. (2016). The stroop effect: Encyclopedia of color science and technology. New York: Springer.
  • Martlnot, J.L., Allilaire, J.F., Mazoyer, B.H., Hantouche, E., Huret, J.D., Legaut-Demare, F., Deslauriers, A.G., Hardy, P., Pappata, S., Baron, J.C., & Syrota, A. (1990). Obsessive~ompulsive disorder: A clinical, neuropsychological and positron emission tomography study. Acta Psychlatr, 82, 233-242.
  • Milham, M.P., Banich, M.T., Claus, E.D., & Cohen, N.J. (2003). Practice-related effects demonstrate complementary roles of anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices in attentional control. Neuroimage, 18(2), 483-493.
  • Pardo, J.V., Pardo, P.J., Janet, K.W., & Ralchle, M.E. (1990). The anterior cingulate cortex mediates processing selection in the Stroop attentional conflict paradigm. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87, 256-259.
  • Perret, E. (1974). The left frontal lobe of man and the suppression of habitual responses in verbal categorial behaviour. Neuropsycholooia 12, 323-330.
  • Rosenbaum, D.A. & Kornblum, S. (1982). A priming method for investigating the selection of motor responses. Acta Psychologica, 51(3), 223-243.
  • Sahinoglu B, & Dogan G. (2016). Event-related potentials and the stroop effect. Eurasian J Med, 48(1), 53‐57.
  • Satorres, E., Oliva, I., Escudero, J., & Meléndez, J.C. (2020). Conflict monitoring on an emotional Stroop task. Comparison of healthy older adults and patients with major neurocognitive disorders due to probable AD. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 1-10.
  • Scarpina, F., & Tagini, S. (2017). The stroop color and word test. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-8.
  • Stroop, J.R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
  • Stuss, D.T. (1991). Interference effects on memory functions in post leucotomy patients. An attentional perspective. In H.S. Levin, H.M. Eisenberg & A. L. Benton (Eds.), Frontal lobe function and dysfunction (pp. 157-172). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • van Maanen, L., van Rijn, H., & Borst, J.P. (2009). Stroop and picture word interference are two sides of the same coin. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(6), 987-999.
Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 223 - 228, 14.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.3.24

Abstract

References

  • Banich, M.T., Milham, M.P., Atchley, R., Cohen, N.J., Webb, A., Wszalek, T., Kramer, A.F., Liang, Z.P., Wrigh, A., Shenker, J., & Magin, R. (2000). fMRI studies of Stroop tasks reveal unique roles of anterior and posterior brain systems in attentional selection. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 12(6), 988-1000.
  • Ben, B.M.D., Nguyen, L.L.T., & van Lieshout, P.H.H.M. (2011). Stroop effects in persons with traumatic brain injury: Selective attention, speed of processing, or color-naming? A meta-analysis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17(02), 354-363.
  • Bench, C.J., Frith, C.D., Grasby, P.M., Friston, K.J., Paulesu, E., Frackowiak, R.S.J., & Dolan, R.J. (1993). Investigations of the functional anatomy of attention using the Stroop test. Neuropsychologia 31, 907-922.
  • Brandt, J. (1991). Cognitive impairment in Huntington's disease: insight into the neuropsychology of the striatum. In F. Boller, & J. Grafman (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology (pp. 241 264). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Brown, R.G., & Marsden, C.D. (1991). Dual task performance and processing resources in normal subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain, 114, 215-231.
  • Cohen, J.D., & Servan-Schreiber, D. (1992). Context, cortex, and dopamine: A connectionist approach to behaviour and biology in schizophrenia. Psychol. Rev., 99, 45-77.
  • Cohen, J.D., Dunbar, K., & McClelland, J.L. (1990). On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect. Psychological Review, 97(3), 332-361. Dormal, V., Seron, X., & Pesenti, M. (2006). Numerosity-duration interference: A Stroop experiment. Acta psychologica, 121(2), 109-124.
  • Fuster, J.M. (1989). The prefrontal cortex. anatomy, physiolofly, and neuropsycholoqy of the frontal lobe. New York: Raven Press.
  • Frings, C., Englert, J., Wentura, D., & Bermeitinger, C. (2010). Decomposing the emotional Stroop effect. Quarterly journal of experimental psychology, 63(1), 42-49
  • Golden, C.J. (1976). Identification of brain disorders by the Stroop Color and Word Test. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32(3), 654–658.
  • Heitz, R.P., Unsworth, N., & Engle, R.W. (2005). Working memory capacity, attention control, and fluid intelligence. In O. Wilhelm, & R.W. Engle (Eds.), Handbook of understanding and measuring intelligence (pp. 61-77). New York: Sage Publications.
  • Howieson, D.B., Lezak, M.D., & Loring, D.W. (2004). Orientation and attention. Neuropsychological assessment, 365-367.
  • Kampman, M., Keijsers, G.P., Verbraak, M. J., Näring, G., & Hoogduin, C.A. (2002). The emotional Stroop: a comparison of panic disorder patients, obsessive–compulsive patients, and normal controls, in two experiments. Journal of anxiety disorders, 16(4), 425-441.
  • King, J. A., Colla, M., Brass, M., Heuser, I., & von Cramon, D. (2007). Inefficient cognitive control in adult ADHD: evidence from trial-by-trial Stroop test and cued task switching performance. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 3(1), 42.
  • Kornblum, S. (1965). Response competition and/or inhibition in two-choice reaction time. Psychonomic Science, 2(2), 55-56.
  • Lansbergen, M.M., Kenemans, J.L., & van Engeland, H. (2007). Stroop interference and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychology, 21(2), 251.
  • Larsen, R.J., Mercer, K.A., & Balota, D.A. (2006). Lexical characteristics of words used in emotional Stroop experiments. Emotion, 6(1), 62.
  • Logan, G.D., & Zbrodoff, N.J. (1998). Stroop-type interference: Congruity effects in color naming with typewritten responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24(3), 978–992.
  • MacLeod, C.M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163-203.
  • MacLeod, C.M. (1992). The Stroop task: The "gold standard" of attentional measures. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 121(1), 12-14.
  • MacLeod, C.M. (2016). The stroop effect: Encyclopedia of color science and technology. New York: Springer.
  • Martlnot, J.L., Allilaire, J.F., Mazoyer, B.H., Hantouche, E., Huret, J.D., Legaut-Demare, F., Deslauriers, A.G., Hardy, P., Pappata, S., Baron, J.C., & Syrota, A. (1990). Obsessive~ompulsive disorder: A clinical, neuropsychological and positron emission tomography study. Acta Psychlatr, 82, 233-242.
  • Milham, M.P., Banich, M.T., Claus, E.D., & Cohen, N.J. (2003). Practice-related effects demonstrate complementary roles of anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices in attentional control. Neuroimage, 18(2), 483-493.
  • Pardo, J.V., Pardo, P.J., Janet, K.W., & Ralchle, M.E. (1990). The anterior cingulate cortex mediates processing selection in the Stroop attentional conflict paradigm. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87, 256-259.
  • Perret, E. (1974). The left frontal lobe of man and the suppression of habitual responses in verbal categorial behaviour. Neuropsycholooia 12, 323-330.
  • Rosenbaum, D.A. & Kornblum, S. (1982). A priming method for investigating the selection of motor responses. Acta Psychologica, 51(3), 223-243.
  • Sahinoglu B, & Dogan G. (2016). Event-related potentials and the stroop effect. Eurasian J Med, 48(1), 53‐57.
  • Satorres, E., Oliva, I., Escudero, J., & Meléndez, J.C. (2020). Conflict monitoring on an emotional Stroop task. Comparison of healthy older adults and patients with major neurocognitive disorders due to probable AD. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 1-10.
  • Scarpina, F., & Tagini, S. (2017). The stroop color and word test. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-8.
  • Stroop, J.R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
  • Stuss, D.T. (1991). Interference effects on memory functions in post leucotomy patients. An attentional perspective. In H.S. Levin, H.M. Eisenberg & A. L. Benton (Eds.), Frontal lobe function and dysfunction (pp. 157-172). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • van Maanen, L., van Rijn, H., & Borst, J.P. (2009). Stroop and picture word interference are two sides of the same coin. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(6), 987-999.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Review
Authors

Fatih Bal This is me

Publication Date September 14, 2021
Acceptance Date August 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Bal, F. (2021). Stroop Etkisinin Nörobilişsel Açıdan İncelenmesi. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 3(3), 223-228. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.3.24