Öz duyarlık, iyimserlik ve öznel iyi oluş arasında öznel zindeliğin aracı rolü

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 19 - 32, 31.05.2022

Fevziye Dolunay Cuğ

https://doi.org/10.33400/kuje.961445

Abstract

Bilimsel olarak “öznel iyi oluş” kavramı olarak incelenen mutluluk kavramı, antik dönemlerden itibaren hem filozofların hem de birçok farklı alanda çalışan bilim insanının ilgisini çekmiş ve araştırma konusu olmuştur. Öznel iyi oluşun birçok farklı değişken ile ilişkisi alanyazında incelenmiştir. Son yıllarda kişilik özellikleri ve öznel iyi oluş arasındaki ilişki pozitif psikoloji alanyazınında ilgi çeken konulardandır. Bu çalışmada öz duyarlık, iyimserlik ve öznel zindelik kavramlarının öznel iyi oluşu yordamadaki rolü incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya 466 (271 kadın, 192 erkek ve 3 eksik veri) üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Verileri elde etmek için Öz Duyarlık Ölçeği, Yaşam Yönelim Testi, Öznel Zindelik Ölçeği, Olumlu ve Olumsuz Duygular Ölçeği ve Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Öznel iyi oluş, olumlu duyguların, olumsuz duyguların ve yaşam doyumunun birlikte ölçüldüğü üç farklı yapı ile ölçülmektedir. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi analizlerinin sonuçları, modeldeki tüm değişkenlerin varyans miktarının %72'sini açıklayarak öznel iyi oluşu yordadığını ortaya koymuştur. Öz duyarlık ve iyimserliğin, öznel iyi oluşla ilişkilerinde öznel zindelik aracılık etmektedir. Yani öz duyarlık ve iyimserlik puanları yüksek olan katılımcıların öznel zindelikleri yükselmekte ve öznel iyi oluş puanları da yükselmektedir. Bu sonuçlar, bu çalışmada önerilen beklentilere ilişkin destek sağlamaktadır. Mevcut bulguların, üniversite öğrencilerinin öznel iyi oluşlarına katkılarını anlamaya yardımcı olabilecek kişisel özellikleri incelemede hem uygulayıcılar hem de araştırmacılar için çıkarımları olabilir.

Keywords

öznel iyi oluş, öz duyarlık, öznel zindelik, iyimserlik, üniversite öğrencileri

The mediator role of subjective vitality among self-compassion, optimism, and subjective well-being

Abstract

The concept of happiness, which is scientifically named as the concept of "subjective well-being", has attracted the attention of people since ancient times and has been the subject of research. The relationship between subjective well-being and many different variables has been examined in the literature. The relationship between personality traits and subjective well-being is one of the interesting topics in the positive psychology literature. The present study examined the role of self-compassion, optimism, and subjective vitality in predicting subjective well-being among 466 (271 female, 192 male, and 3 missing data) university students. The Self-Compassion Scale, Life Orientation Test, Subjective Vitality Scale, The Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used to obtain data. Subjective well-being is measured with three different constructs, in which positive emotions, negative emotions, and life satisfaction are measured together. The results of structural equation modeling analyses revealed that all the variables in the model predicted subjective well-being, explaining 72% of the amount of variance. Self-compassion and optimism were mediated by subjective vitality in their relations to subjective well-being. That is, for participants who had high scores of self-compassion and optimism, their subjective vitality was getting higher and they got higher subjective well-being scores. These results provide support regarding the expectations proposed in the present study. The current findings may have implications for clinicians and researchers in examining the personal characteristics that may help to understand their contributions to the subjective well-being of university students.

Keywords

subjective well-being, self-compassion, subjective vitality, optimism, university students

References

• Akin, U., Akin, A. & Abaci, R. (2007). Self-compassion scale: Validity and reliability study. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 33, 1-10.
• Arbuckle, J. L. (2009). Amos 18.0 [Computer software]. Small Waters.
• Aydin, G., & Tezer, E. (1991). The relationship between optimism, health problems, and academic achievement. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 7, 2-9.
• Bollen, K. A., & Stine, R. (1990). Direct and indirect effects: Classical and bootstrap estimates of variability. Sociological Methodology, 20, 115–140.
• Bugay, A. & Demir, A. (2010). A Turkish version of Heartland Forgiveness Scale. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1927-1931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.390
• Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 879-889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.006
• Cheung, G. W., & Lau, R. S. (2008). Testing mediation and suppression effects of latent variables: Bootstrapping with structural equation models. Organizational Research Methods, 11(2), 296-325. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428107300343
• Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155.
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
• Deniz, M. E., Arslan, C., Özyeşil, Z., & İzmirli, M. (2012). Self-compassion, life satisfaction, negative and positive affect: A comparison between Turkey and other different countries’ university students. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education, 1(23), 428-446.
• Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
• Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 653-663.
• Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S (2002), Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Ed.) içinde, The handbook of positive psychology (ss. 463-473). Oxford University Press.
• Dolunay Cug, F. (2015). Self-forgiveness, self-compassion, subjective-vitality, orientation to happiness as predictors of subjective well-being. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Middle East Technical University.
• Durak, M., Durak, E. S., & Gençöz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of the satisfaction with life scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Social Indicators Research, 99(3), 413–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9589-4
• Dursun, P. (2012). The roles of meaning in life, optimism, hope, and coping styles in subjective well-being. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Middle East Technical University.
• Gallagher, M. W. & Lopez, S. J. (2009). Positive expectancies and mental health: Identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism. Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 548-556. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157166
• Gencoz, T. (2000). Positive and negative affect schedule: Validity and reliability study. The Turkish Journal of Psychology, 15(46), 19-26.
• Gilbert, P. (2005). Compassion and cruelty: a biopsychosocial approach. P. Gilbert (Ed.) içinde, Compassion: Conceptualisations, research and use in psychotherapy (ss. 9–74). Routledge.
• Hajek, A., & König, H. (2019). The role of optimism, self‐esteem, and self‐efficacy in moderating the relation between health comparisons and subjective well‐being: Results of a nationally representative longitudinal study among older adults. British Journal of Health Psychology, 24(3), 547-570. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12367
• Kır Demirhan, A. (2020). The investigation of emerging adulthoods subjective well-being levels with respect to self-compassion and attachment. . [Unpublished master thesis]. Maltepe Üniversity.
• Kim, J., & Hatfield, E. (2004). Love types and subjective well-being: A cross-cultural study. Social Behavior and Personality, 32(2), 173-182. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2004.32.2.173
• Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press.
• Köse, B., Uzun, M., Özlü, K., Çelik, N. M., & Erbaş, Ü. (2019). Spor Bilimlerinde Okuyan Öğrencilerin Öznel Mutluluk ve Zindelik Düzeylerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi (Ankara Üniversitesi Örneği) . Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 22-29 .
• Krok, D., & Telka, E. (2019). Optimism mediates the relationships between meaning in life and subjective and psychological well-being among late adolescents. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 7(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2018.79960
• Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860390209035
• Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S., & Kirkpatrick, K. 2007). An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 908-916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.08.002
• Neff, K. D., & Vonk, R. (2009). Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: Two different ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 77, 23-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00537.x
• Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity, 9, 225-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860902979307
• Öztürk, A. (2013). The relationship between Uludağ University Education Faculty students' subjective wellbeing, spirituality, optimism, anxiety, and negative affectivity. [Unpublished master thesis]. Uludağ University.
• Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Strengths of character and well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 603-619. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.5.603.50748
• Pollock, N.C., Noser, A.E., Holden, C.J., & Hill, V. Z. (2016). Do orientations to happiness mediate the associations between personality traits and subjective well-being?. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(2), 713–729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9617-9
• Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. (1997). On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well‐being. Journal of Personality, 65(3), 529-565. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.x
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
• Ryan, R. M., Weinstein, N., Bernstein, J., Brown, K. W., Mistretta, L., & Gagne, M. (2010). Vitalizing effects of being outdoors and in nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.10.009
• Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4(3), 219-247.
• Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Special issue: Cognitive perspectives in health psychology. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16(2), 201-228.
• Steel, P., Schmidt, J., & Shultz, J. (2008). Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 134(1), 138-161. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.138
• Tel, F.D. (2011). The Analysis of the concept life satisfaction level and self-compassion level on university students. [Unpublished master thesis]. Abant İzzet Baysal University
• Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
• Wen, J., Zheng, X., & Zhang, L. (2007). A brief introduction to optimism research in the West [In Chinese]. Advances in Psychological Science, 15(1), 129–133.
• Wong, S. S., & Lim, T. (2009). Hope versus optimism in Singaporean adolescents: Contributions to depression and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(5-6), 648-652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.009
• Yu, Y., & Luo, J. (2018). Dispositional optimism and well-being in college students: Self-efficacy as a mediator. Social Behavior and Personality, 46(5), 783-792. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6746
• Zessin, U., Dickhauser, O., & Garbade, S. (2015). The relationship between self-compassion and well-being: A meta-analysis. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-being, 7, 340-364. https://doi.org/101111/aphw.12051