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Nulla Salus: Hello America ve In the Country of Last Things Romanlarında İnsan Yapımı Kıyamet ve Apokaliptik Körlük

Year 2025, Issue: 26, 295 - 309, 10.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1745072

Abstract

Kıyamet kavramı, tarih boyunca hikâye anlatımında önemli bir rol oynamış; mitolojide, dini metinlerde ve folklorda, toplumsal korkuların, etik kaygıların ve yenilenme umutlarının bir yansıması olarak kendini göstermiştir. Zamanla, eskatolojik anlamı, teolojik bir yapıdan seküler bir çerçeveye evrilmiş; günümüzde ise nükleer çatışma, çevresel felaket ve teknolojik çalkantı ile bağlantılı endişeleri somut hale getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, J.G. Ballard’ın Hello America (1981) ve Paul Auster’ın In the Country of Last Things (1987) adlı eserlerini ideolojik katılık, teknolojik aşırı güven veya tarihsel amnezi nedeniyle yaklaşan çöküşün işaretlerini fark edememe veya tanımaya isteksizlik şeklinde tanımlanan bir terim olan “kıyamet körlüğü” kavramı üzerinden incelemektedir. Bu çözümleme, önce kıyamet edebiyatının temel özelliklerini ortaya koyacak, ardından sözü edilen romanları derinlemesine inceleyerek ve toplumsal çöküş tasvirlerini tartışacaktır. Bu çalışma, her iki eserin de nihayetinde kurtuluş veya yenilenme olasılığını reddettiğini; bunun yerine, çöküşü kaçınılmaz veya nafile bir direniş olarak tasvir ettiğini savunmaktadır. Bu bakış açısıyla, Hello America ve In the Country of Last Things düzensizliğe, umutsuzluğa ve sistemsel başarısızlık karşısında insan faaliyetinin sınırlamalarına odaklanan bir kıyamet ufku sunmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Bu makale, 8-10 Mayıs 2024 tarihlerinde İzmir'de düzenlenen 19. Uluslararası Kültür Araştırmaları Sempozyumu'nda sunulan bildirinin gözden geçirilmiş ve genişletilmiş halidir.

References

  • Anders, Günther (1997). “Apocalypse without Kingdom”. E-flux, 19: 1-10.
  • Anders, Günther (2018). İnsanın Eskimişliği. Trans. H. Belen & H. Ertürk. İthaki.
  • Auster, Paul (2005). In the Country of the Last Things. Faber Faber.
  • Baker, Brian (2008). “The Geometry of the Space Age: J.G. Ballard’s Short Fiction and Science Fiction of the 1960s”. J.G. Ballard: Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Ed. J. Baxter. Continuum Press, 11-22.
  • Ballard, J.G. & Hennessy, Brendan (1971). “J.G. Ballard.” Interviewed by Brendan Hennessy. The Transatlantic Review, 39: 60-64.
  • Ballard, J.G. (2013). Hello America. Liveright.
  • Berger, James (1999). After the End: Representations of Post-Apocalypse. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Bull, Malcolm (ed.) (1995). Apocalypse Theory and the Ends of the World. Blackwell.
  • Collins, John J. (1979). Apocalypse: The Morphology of a Genre. MT Scholar Press.
  • Enzensberger, Hans Magnus (1982). Critical Essays. Continuum.
  • Frankfurter, David (2007). “The Legacy of Sectarian Rage”. Religion and Violence. Eds. David A. Bernat and Jonathan Klawans. Sheffield Phoenix, 114-128.
  • Kermode, Frank (2000). The Sense of an Ending. Oxford University Press.
  • Oramus, Dominika (2015). Grave New World: The Decline of the West in the Fiction of JG Ballard. Terminal Press.
  • Stümer, Jenny (2024). “Introduction: Understanding Apocalyptic Transformation”. Worlds Ending Ending Worlds. De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 1-18.

Nulla Salus: Self-Made Apocalypse and Apocalyptic Blindness in Hello America and In the Country of Last Things

Year 2025, Issue: 26, 295 - 309, 10.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1745072

Abstract

The notion of apocalypse has played a significant role in storytelling throughout history, appearing in mythology, religious texts, and folklore as a reflection of societal fears, ethical concerns, and hopes for renewal. Over time, its eschatological meaning has evolved from a theological construct into a secular framework, now embodying anxieties about nuclear conflict, environmental catastrophe, and technological upheaval. This study explores Hello America (1981) by J.G. Ballard and In the Country of Last Things (1987) by Paul Auster through the concept of “apocalyptic blindness,” a term that describes the unwillingness or inability to recognize signs of imminent collapse due to ideological rigidity, technological overconfidence, or historical amnesia. By first examining the core characteristics of apocalyptic literature, this analysis will then investigate these novels and examine their depictions of societal breakdown. It argues that both works ultimately reject the possibility of redemption or renewal, instead portraying collapse as either unavoidable or met with futile resistance. Through this perspective, Hello America and In the Country of Last Things present a vision of the apocalypse that focuses on disorder, despair, and the limitations of human agency in the face of systemic failure.

Ethical Statement

This article is a revised and expanded version of a paper originally presented at the 19th International Cultural Studies Symposium in İzmir, on 8-10 May 2024.

References

  • Anders, Günther (1997). “Apocalypse without Kingdom”. E-flux, 19: 1-10.
  • Anders, Günther (2018). İnsanın Eskimişliği. Trans. H. Belen & H. Ertürk. İthaki.
  • Auster, Paul (2005). In the Country of the Last Things. Faber Faber.
  • Baker, Brian (2008). “The Geometry of the Space Age: J.G. Ballard’s Short Fiction and Science Fiction of the 1960s”. J.G. Ballard: Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Ed. J. Baxter. Continuum Press, 11-22.
  • Ballard, J.G. & Hennessy, Brendan (1971). “J.G. Ballard.” Interviewed by Brendan Hennessy. The Transatlantic Review, 39: 60-64.
  • Ballard, J.G. (2013). Hello America. Liveright.
  • Berger, James (1999). After the End: Representations of Post-Apocalypse. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Bull, Malcolm (ed.) (1995). Apocalypse Theory and the Ends of the World. Blackwell.
  • Collins, John J. (1979). Apocalypse: The Morphology of a Genre. MT Scholar Press.
  • Enzensberger, Hans Magnus (1982). Critical Essays. Continuum.
  • Frankfurter, David (2007). “The Legacy of Sectarian Rage”. Religion and Violence. Eds. David A. Bernat and Jonathan Klawans. Sheffield Phoenix, 114-128.
  • Kermode, Frank (2000). The Sense of an Ending. Oxford University Press.
  • Oramus, Dominika (2015). Grave New World: The Decline of the West in the Fiction of JG Ballard. Terminal Press.
  • Stümer, Jenny (2024). “Introduction: Understanding Apocalyptic Transformation”. Worlds Ending Ending Worlds. De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 1-18.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ercan Gürova 0000-0001-5446-9013

Publication Date September 10, 2025
Submission Date July 17, 2025
Acceptance Date August 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 26

Cite

APA Gürova, E. (2025). Nulla Salus: Self-Made Apocalypse and Apocalyptic Blindness in Hello America and In the Country of Last Things. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi(26), 295-309. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1745072
AMA Gürova E. Nulla Salus: Self-Made Apocalypse and Apocalyptic Blindness in Hello America and In the Country of Last Things. KAD. September 2025;(26):295-309. doi:10.46250/kulturder.1745072
Chicago Gürova, Ercan. “Nulla Salus: Self-Made Apocalypse and Apocalyptic Blindness in Hello America and In the Country of Last Things”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 26 (September 2025): 295-309. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1745072.
EndNote Gürova E (September 1, 2025) Nulla Salus: Self-Made Apocalypse and Apocalyptic Blindness in Hello America and In the Country of Last Things. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi 26 295–309.
IEEE E. Gürova, “Nulla Salus: Self-Made Apocalypse and Apocalyptic Blindness in Hello America and In the Country of Last Things”, KAD, no. 26, pp. 295–309, September2025, doi: 10.46250/kulturder.1745072.
ISNAD Gürova, Ercan. “Nulla Salus: Self-Made Apocalypse and Apocalyptic Blindness in Hello America and In the Country of Last Things”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi 26 (September2025), 295-309. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1745072.
JAMA Gürova E. Nulla Salus: Self-Made Apocalypse and Apocalyptic Blindness in Hello America and In the Country of Last Things. KAD. 2025;:295–309.
MLA Gürova, Ercan. “Nulla Salus: Self-Made Apocalypse and Apocalyptic Blindness in Hello America and In the Country of Last Things”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 26, 2025, pp. 295-09, doi:10.46250/kulturder.1745072.
Vancouver Gürova E. Nulla Salus: Self-Made Apocalypse and Apocalyptic Blindness in Hello America and In the Country of Last Things. KAD. 2025(26):295-309.