Research Article

LEFT VENTRICULAR LAYER-SPECIFIC STRAIN BY 2D SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PEDIATRIC MYOCARDITIS

Volume: 12 Number: 3 September 30, 2026
EN TR

LEFT VENTRICULAR LAYER-SPECIFIC STRAIN BY 2D SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PEDIATRIC MYOCARDITIS

Abstract

Introduction: Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium with variable clinical presentation and challenging diagnosis, particularly in children with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Layer-specific strain analysis using speckle-tracking echocardiography allows separate assessment of endocardial, mid-myocardial, and epicardial deformation. We aimed to evaluate layer-specific strain in pediatric patients with acute myocarditis to determine whether layer-specific deformation parameters detect subclinical myocardial dysfunction. Results: Twenty-one pediatric patients with acute myocarditis (mean age 188.1 ± 22.8 months; 17 male) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Two-dimensional and speckle-tracking echocardiography with layer-specific strain analysis were performed. Global longitudinal strain and layer-specific longitudinal strain were measured at basal, mid-ventricular, and apical levels in endocardial, mid-myocardial, and epicardial layers. Patients with myocarditis had lower left ventricular ejection fraction compared to controls (%63 ± 3.4 vs %71.2 ± 1.9, p<0.001). Global longitudinal strain was reduced in the myocarditis group (-18.8 ± 3.1% vs -21.6 ± 1.9%, p=0.032). All three myocardial layers showed reduced longitudinal strain in patients compared to controls: endocardial (-21.6 ± 3.5% vs -24.4 ± 2.6%, p=0.033), mid-myocardial (-18.8 ± 2.7% vs -21.4 ± 3.2%, p=0.040) and epicardial (-16.8 ± 2.6% vs -19.5 ± 1.6%, p=0.008). Discussion: Layer-specific strain analysis by speckle-tracking echocardiography detects subclinical myocardial dysfunction in pediatric myocarditis even when left ventricular ejection fraction is relatively preserved. The differential involvement of myocardial layers, particularly epicardial impairment, reflects the known subepicardial predominance of inflammatory injury in myocarditis. Layer-specific strain may provide incremental diagnostic value over conventional echocardiography in this population.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None

Project Number

Proje No: 2026/127

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by Kocaeli University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee. Approval number is KÜ GOKAEK-2026/04/46 and approval date is 12.02.2026. All patient data were handled in compliance with institutional and national data protection regulations. Identifying information was removed, and only anonymized data were used for analysis. Access to the data was restricted to authorized study personnel. Because this study was based on a retrospective review of existing medical records and did not involve direct patient contact, individual informed consent was waived by the institutional ethics committee

Thanks

none

References

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  7. Ancedy Y, Ederhy S, Jean ML, et al. Does layer-specific strain using speckle tracking echocardiography improve the assessment of left ventricular myocardial deformation? A review. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;113(11):721-735. doi:10.1016/j.acvd.2020.05.007
  8. Caspar T, Fichot M, Ohana M, El Ghannudi S, Morel O, Ohlmann P. Late Detection of Left Ventricular Dysfunction Using Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Patients with History of Nonsevere Acute Myocarditis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30(8):756-762. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2017.04.002

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Paediatrics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

April 25, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 22, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 12 Number: 3

APA
Akgün, G., Akgün, E. Z., Çırakoğlu, A. M., Babaoğlu, K., & Anık, Y. A. (2026). LEFT VENTRICULAR LAYER-SPECIFIC STRAIN BY 2D SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PEDIATRIC MYOCARDITIS. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(3), 227-231. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1937717
AMA
1.Akgün G, Akgün EZ, Çırakoğlu AM, Babaoğlu K, Anık YA. LEFT VENTRICULAR LAYER-SPECIFIC STRAIN BY 2D SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PEDIATRIC MYOCARDITIS. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2026;12(3):227-231. doi:10.30934/kusbed.1937717
Chicago
Akgün, Gökmen, Eviç Zeynep Akgün, Ahmed Mahmud Çırakoğlu, Kadir Babaoğlu, and Yonca Akgoz Anık. 2026. “LEFT VENTRICULAR LAYER-SPECIFIC STRAIN BY 2D SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PEDIATRIC MYOCARDITIS”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12 (3): 227-31. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1937717.
EndNote
Akgün G, Akgün EZ, Çırakoğlu AM, Babaoğlu K, Anık YA (September 1, 2026) LEFT VENTRICULAR LAYER-SPECIFIC STRAIN BY 2D SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PEDIATRIC MYOCARDITIS. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12 3 227–231.
IEEE
[1]G. Akgün, E. Z. Akgün, A. M. Çırakoğlu, K. Babaoğlu, and Y. A. Anık, “LEFT VENTRICULAR LAYER-SPECIFIC STRAIN BY 2D SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PEDIATRIC MYOCARDITIS”, KOU Sag Bil Derg, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 227–231, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.30934/kusbed.1937717.
ISNAD
Akgün, Gökmen - Akgün, Eviç Zeynep - Çırakoğlu, Ahmed Mahmud - Babaoğlu, Kadir - Anık, Yonca Akgoz. “LEFT VENTRICULAR LAYER-SPECIFIC STRAIN BY 2D SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PEDIATRIC MYOCARDITIS”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12/3 (September 1, 2026): 227-231. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1937717.
JAMA
1.Akgün G, Akgün EZ, Çırakoğlu AM, Babaoğlu K, Anık YA. LEFT VENTRICULAR LAYER-SPECIFIC STRAIN BY 2D SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PEDIATRIC MYOCARDITIS. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2026;12:227–231.
MLA
Akgün, Gökmen, et al. “LEFT VENTRICULAR LAYER-SPECIFIC STRAIN BY 2D SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PEDIATRIC MYOCARDITIS”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 227-31, doi:10.30934/kusbed.1937717.
Vancouver
1.Gökmen Akgün, Eviç Zeynep Akgün, Ahmed Mahmud Çırakoğlu, Kadir Babaoğlu, Yonca Akgoz Anık. LEFT VENTRICULAR LAYER-SPECIFIC STRAIN BY 2D SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PEDIATRIC MYOCARDITIS. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2026 Sep. 1;12(3):227-31. doi:10.30934/kusbed.1937717