Research Article

SIBLING NUMBER AND RECEPTIVE–EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Volume: 12 Number: 3 September 30, 2026
EN TR

SIBLING NUMBER AND RECEPTIVE–EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to examine associations between sibling number and receptive and expressive language outcomes in children aged 24–72 months using the Turkish Early Language Development Test (TEDİL). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 81 children who were categorized into three groups according to sibling number: children with no siblings, one sibling, and two or more siblings. Receptive and expressive language skills were directly assessed using TEDİL. Group comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc tests. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to determine whether group differences remained significant after adjustment for age and daily screen time. Results: Significant differences were observed in both receptive and expressive language standard scores across sibling groups (p < 0.001). The lowest language performance was found in children with two or more siblings. Post-hoc analyses indicated that group differences were more pronounced for expressive language outcomes. In covariate-adjusted analyses, associations between sibling number and language outcomes remained statistically significant after controlling for age and daily screen time. Conclusion: The findings suggest that sibling number may represent an important characteristic of the home environment associated with early language outcomes. Closer monitoring of language development and the implementation of interaction-based early intervention approaches may be particularly beneficial for children from larger families.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Otorhinolaryngology, Audiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

July 1, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 29, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 12 Number: 3

APA
Şimşek, A. (2026). SIBLING NUMBER AND RECEPTIVE–EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(3), 341-346. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1984288
AMA
1.Şimşek A. SIBLING NUMBER AND RECEPTIVE–EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2026;12(3):341-346. doi:10.30934/kusbed.1984288
Chicago
Şimşek, Agit. 2026. “SIBLING NUMBER AND RECEPTIVE–EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12 (3): 341-46. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1984288.
EndNote
Şimşek A (September 1, 2026) SIBLING NUMBER AND RECEPTIVE–EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12 3 341–346.
IEEE
[1]A. Şimşek, “SIBLING NUMBER AND RECEPTIVE–EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY”, KOU Sag Bil Derg, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 341–346, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.30934/kusbed.1984288.
ISNAD
Şimşek, Agit. “SIBLING NUMBER AND RECEPTIVE–EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12/3 (September 1, 2026): 341-346. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1984288.
JAMA
1.Şimşek A. SIBLING NUMBER AND RECEPTIVE–EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2026;12:341–346.
MLA
Şimşek, Agit. “SIBLING NUMBER AND RECEPTIVE–EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 341-6, doi:10.30934/kusbed.1984288.
Vancouver
1.Agit Şimşek. SIBLING NUMBER AND RECEPTIVE–EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2026 Sep. 1;12(3):341-6. doi:10.30934/kusbed.1984288