SIBLING NUMBER AND RECEPTIVE–EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine associations between sibling number and receptive and expressive language outcomes in children aged 24–72 months using the Turkish Early Language Development Test (TEDİL). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 81 children who were categorized into three groups according to sibling number: children with no siblings, one sibling, and two or more siblings. Receptive and expressive language skills were directly assessed using TEDİL. Group comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc tests. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to determine whether group differences remained significant after adjustment for age and daily screen time. Results: Significant differences were observed in both receptive and expressive language standard scores across sibling groups (p < 0.001). The lowest language performance was found in children with two or more siblings. Post-hoc analyses indicated that group differences were more pronounced for expressive language outcomes. In covariate-adjusted analyses, associations between sibling number and language outcomes remained statistically significant after controlling for age and daily screen time. Conclusion: The findings suggest that sibling number may represent an important characteristic of the home environment associated with early language outcomes. Closer monitoring of language development and the implementation of interaction-based early intervention approaches may be particularly beneficial for children from larger families.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Otorhinolaryngology, Audiology
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Agit Şimşek
*
0000-0003-1572-1188
Türkiye
Publication Date
September 30, 2026
Submission Date
July 1, 2026
Acceptance Date
September 29, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 12 Number: 3