Research Article
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Exploring the Relationship Between Online Gaming Addiction, Core Muscle Endurance, and Reaction Time in Adolescents

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 127 - 132, 28.10.2024

Deniz Tuncer

https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1516954

Abstract

Objective: It was aimed to investigate the relationship between online gaming addiction, core muscle endurance, and reaction time in adolescents.

Methods: The study was designed as a descriptive-correlational study and was conducted with 67 adolescents who play online games daily. The Online Gaming Addiction Scale, core muscle endurance tests, and hand and foot reaction time tests were performed.

Results: The overall score of the Online Gaming Addiction Scale was 64.79±17.38, which corresponds as moderate negative reflections on the individual's life. A statistically significant difference was observed in online gaming addiction (p<0.001) and hand reaction time (p=0.004) according to the daily time allocated to video games. There was a negative correlation between the score of Online Gaming Addiction Scale and the hand reaction time test (r=-0.588; p<0.001) and the trunk extension test (r= -0.335; p=0.006) of the core muscle endurance tests.

Conclusion: It was observed that the hand reaction time performance of adolescents was significantly impacted by the time spent in online games. Besides that, online gaming addiction may have a detrimental impact on adolescents’ core muscle endurance.

Keywords

Adolescent core muscle endurance reaction time video games

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Bezmialem Vakif University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee with the decision dated 26/07/2023 and numbered 116593.

Thanks

During the process of recruiting the study population, I am grateful to Pelin Guc, Miray Ada Incegul, Ece Basaran, and Elif Tekin, senior physiotherapy and rehabilitation students at Bezmialem Vakif University, for their cooperation and meticulous performance.

References

  • Bailey DP, Hewson DJ, Champion RB, Sayegh SM. Sitting time and risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2019;57(3):408-416. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.015.
  • Sekiguchi T, Hagiwara Y, Momma H, et al. Excessive game playing is associated with musculoskeletal pain among youth athletes: a cross-sectional study in Miyagi prefecture. J. Sports Sci.. 2018;36(16):1801-1807. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1420453.
  • Yabe Y, Hagiwara Y, Sekiguchi T, et al. Late bedtimes, short sleeping time, and longtime video-game playing are associated with low back pain in school-aged athletes. Eur Spine J. 2018;27:1112-1118. doi: 10.1007/s00586-017-5177-5.
  • Davis TL, Fang JY. Reaction Time. In: Metman LV, Kompoliti K, editors. Encyclopedia of movement disorders. Amsterdam: Elsevier, Acad. Press; 2010. p. 16–8. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374105-9.00514-1.
  • Welford A. Choice reaction time: Basic concepts. Reaction times. 1980:73-128.
  • Klasnja A, Milenovic N, Lukac S, Knezevic A, Klasnja J, Karan Rakic V. The effects of regular physical activity and playing video games on reaction time in adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(15):9278. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159278.
  • Akuthota V, Ferreiro A, Moore T, Fredericson M. Core stability exercise principles. Curr. Sports Med. Rep.. 2008;7(1):39-44. doi: 10.1097/01.CSMR.0000308663.
  • Conway R, Behennah J, Fisher J, Osborne N, Steele J. Associations between trunk extension endurance and isolated lumbar extension strength in both asymptomatic participants and those with chronic low back pain. MDPI; 2016:70. doi: 10.3390/healthcare4030070.
  • Green CS, Bavelier D. Action video game modifies visual selective attention. Nature. 2003;423(6939):534-537. doi: 10.1038/nature01647.
  • Rosser Jr JC, Lynch PJ, Haskamp LA, Yalif A, Gentile DA, Giammaria L. Are video game players better at laparoscopic surgery. 2004.
  • Jalink M. Validation of a video game made for training laparoscopic skills. 2014.
  • Chen KH, Oliffe JL, Kelly MT. Internet gaming disorder: an emergent health issue for men. Am. J. Men's Health. 2018;12(4):1151-1159. doi: 10.1177/1557988318766950.
  • Gentile DA, Choo H, Liau A, et al. Pathological video game use among youths: A two-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics. 2011;127(2):e319-e329. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-1353.
  • Kaya AB. Çevrimiçi oyun bağımlılığı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2013. (Unpublished master thesis).
  • McGill S. Ultimate back fitness and performance. Backfitpro Incorporated Canada; 2006.
  • Brown S, Roy E, Rohr L, Bryden P. Using hand performance measures to predict handedness. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain, and Cognition. 2006;11(1):1-14. doi: 10.1080/1357650054200000440.
  • Davis B. Physical education and the study of sport. (No Title). 2000;
  • Mackenzie B. Ruler Drop Test. https://wwwbrianmaccouk/rulerdrophtm 05/07/2024 2004;
  • Kutlu M, Alper K. To determine the force, power, sprint and flexibity of dominant and non-dominant leg in soccer players with developed methods. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. 2003;2:33-42.
  • Veltri N, Krasnova H, Baumann A, Kalayamthanam N. Gender differences in online gaming: A literature review. 2014;
  • Sánchez-Llorens M, Marí-Sanmillán MI, Benito A, et al. Personality traits and psychopathology in adolescents with videogame addiction. Rasgos de personalidad y psicopatología en adolescentes con adicción a videojuegos. Adicciones. 2023;35(2):151-164. doi: 10.20882/adicciones.1629.
  • Liao Z, Huang Q, Huang S, et al. Prevalence of internet gaming disorder and its association with personality traits and gaming characteristics among Chinese adolescent gamers. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:598585. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598585. PMID: 33312143.
  • Ersin A, Tezeren HC, Pekyavas NO, et al. The relationship between reaction time and gaming time in e-sports players. Kinesiology. 2022;54(1):36-42. doi: 10.26582/k.54.1.4.
  • Bansal K, Goel A, Khan AP. Effect of mobile phone games on reaction time. J Asian Med Stud Assoc. 2023;10(1)
  • Boot WR, Kramer AF, Simons DJ, Fabiani M, Gratton G. The effects of video game playing on attention, memory, and executive control. Acta Psychol. 2008;129(3):387-398. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2008.09.005.
  • Hunter SK, Thompson MW, Adams RD. Reaction time, strength, and physical activity in women aged 20-89 years. J Aging Phys. 2001;9(1):32-42. doi:10.1123/japa.9.1.32.
  • Ali M, Ashraf N, Khan S, et al. Incidence of Forward Head Posture in Mobile Gamers: Cross Sectional Study. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2022;16(04):766-766. doi:10.53350/pjmhs22164766
  • Emara AK, Ng MK, Cruickshank JA, et al. Gamer's health guide: optimizing performance, recognizing hazards, and promoting wellness in esports. Curr Sports Med Rep.. 2020;19(12):537-545. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000787.
  • Hlavenka TM, Christner VF, Gregory DE. Neck posture during lifting and its effect on trunk muscle activation and lumbar spine posture. Appl Ergon. 2017;62:28-33. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.02.006.
  • Yu J, Hong J, Kim J, Kim S-J, Sim D-S, Lim J-E. Influence of head posture on trunk muscle activation during prone bridging exercise. J Sci Technol.. 2015:423-427. doi: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8iS7/70459.
  • Biering-Sørensen F. Physical measurements as risk indicators for low-back trouble over a one-year period. Spine. 1984;9(2):106-119. doi: 10.1097/00007632-198403000-00002.
  • Jia B, Nussbaum MA. Influences of continuous sitting and psychosocial stress on low back kinematics, kinetics, discomfort, and localized muscle fatigue during unsupported sitting activities. Ergonomics. 2018;61(12):1671-1684. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1497815.
  • Waongenngarm P, Rajaratnam BS, Janwantanakul P. Internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle fatigue induced by slumped sitting posture after 1 hour of sitting in office workers. Safety and health at work. 2016;7(1):49-54. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2015.08.001.
  • Le P, Marras WS. Evaluating the low back biomechanics of three different office workstations: Seated, standing, and perching. Appl Ergon. 2016;56:170-178. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.04.001.
  • Baker R, Coenen P, Howie E, Williamson A, Straker L. The short term musculoskeletal and cognitive effects of prolonged sitting during office computer work. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(8):1678. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15081678.
  • Nurmagandi B, Suratmini D. The correlation between depression with online game addiction among adolescents: Systematic review. J Psychiatr Nurs.. 2024;15(1). doi: 10.14744/phd.2024.01947.
  • Canales JZ, Fiquer JT, Campos RN, Soeiro-de-Souza MG, Moreno RA. Investigation of associations between recurrence of major depressive disorder and spinal posture alignment: A quantitative cross-sectional study. Gait & posture. 2017;52:258-264. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.12.011.
  • Lissak G. Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: Literature review and case study. Environ Res. 2018;164:149-157. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.015.
  • Vié C, Govindin-Ramassamy K, Thellier D, Labrosse D, Montagni I. Effectiveness of digital games promoting young people's mental health: A review of reviews. Digit Health. 2024;10:20552076231220814. doi: 10.1177/20552076231220814.
  • Gokkurt A, Oskay D. Effects of core stability exercises on balance and upper extremity functions. Gazi University; 2017. (Unpublished master thesis).

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 127 - 132, 28.10.2024

Deniz Tuncer

https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1516954

Abstract

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Bezmialem Vakif University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee with the decision dated 26/07/2023 and numbered 116593.

Thanks

During the process of recruiting the study population, I am grateful to Pelin Guc, Miray Ada Incegul, Ece Basaran, and Elif Tekin, senior physiotherapy and rehabilitation students at Bezmialem Vakif University, for their cooperation and meticulous performance.

References

  • Bailey DP, Hewson DJ, Champion RB, Sayegh SM. Sitting time and risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2019;57(3):408-416. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.015.
  • Sekiguchi T, Hagiwara Y, Momma H, et al. Excessive game playing is associated with musculoskeletal pain among youth athletes: a cross-sectional study in Miyagi prefecture. J. Sports Sci.. 2018;36(16):1801-1807. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1420453.
  • Yabe Y, Hagiwara Y, Sekiguchi T, et al. Late bedtimes, short sleeping time, and longtime video-game playing are associated with low back pain in school-aged athletes. Eur Spine J. 2018;27:1112-1118. doi: 10.1007/s00586-017-5177-5.
  • Davis TL, Fang JY. Reaction Time. In: Metman LV, Kompoliti K, editors. Encyclopedia of movement disorders. Amsterdam: Elsevier, Acad. Press; 2010. p. 16–8. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374105-9.00514-1.
  • Welford A. Choice reaction time: Basic concepts. Reaction times. 1980:73-128.
  • Klasnja A, Milenovic N, Lukac S, Knezevic A, Klasnja J, Karan Rakic V. The effects of regular physical activity and playing video games on reaction time in adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(15):9278. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159278.
  • Akuthota V, Ferreiro A, Moore T, Fredericson M. Core stability exercise principles. Curr. Sports Med. Rep.. 2008;7(1):39-44. doi: 10.1097/01.CSMR.0000308663.
  • Conway R, Behennah J, Fisher J, Osborne N, Steele J. Associations between trunk extension endurance and isolated lumbar extension strength in both asymptomatic participants and those with chronic low back pain. MDPI; 2016:70. doi: 10.3390/healthcare4030070.
  • Green CS, Bavelier D. Action video game modifies visual selective attention. Nature. 2003;423(6939):534-537. doi: 10.1038/nature01647.
  • Rosser Jr JC, Lynch PJ, Haskamp LA, Yalif A, Gentile DA, Giammaria L. Are video game players better at laparoscopic surgery. 2004.
  • Jalink M. Validation of a video game made for training laparoscopic skills. 2014.
  • Chen KH, Oliffe JL, Kelly MT. Internet gaming disorder: an emergent health issue for men. Am. J. Men's Health. 2018;12(4):1151-1159. doi: 10.1177/1557988318766950.
  • Gentile DA, Choo H, Liau A, et al. Pathological video game use among youths: A two-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics. 2011;127(2):e319-e329. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-1353.
  • Kaya AB. Çevrimiçi oyun bağımlılığı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2013. (Unpublished master thesis).
  • McGill S. Ultimate back fitness and performance. Backfitpro Incorporated Canada; 2006.
  • Brown S, Roy E, Rohr L, Bryden P. Using hand performance measures to predict handedness. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain, and Cognition. 2006;11(1):1-14. doi: 10.1080/1357650054200000440.
  • Davis B. Physical education and the study of sport. (No Title). 2000;
  • Mackenzie B. Ruler Drop Test. https://wwwbrianmaccouk/rulerdrophtm 05/07/2024 2004;
  • Kutlu M, Alper K. To determine the force, power, sprint and flexibity of dominant and non-dominant leg in soccer players with developed methods. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. 2003;2:33-42.
  • Veltri N, Krasnova H, Baumann A, Kalayamthanam N. Gender differences in online gaming: A literature review. 2014;
  • Sánchez-Llorens M, Marí-Sanmillán MI, Benito A, et al. Personality traits and psychopathology in adolescents with videogame addiction. Rasgos de personalidad y psicopatología en adolescentes con adicción a videojuegos. Adicciones. 2023;35(2):151-164. doi: 10.20882/adicciones.1629.
  • Liao Z, Huang Q, Huang S, et al. Prevalence of internet gaming disorder and its association with personality traits and gaming characteristics among Chinese adolescent gamers. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:598585. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598585. PMID: 33312143.
  • Ersin A, Tezeren HC, Pekyavas NO, et al. The relationship between reaction time and gaming time in e-sports players. Kinesiology. 2022;54(1):36-42. doi: 10.26582/k.54.1.4.
  • Bansal K, Goel A, Khan AP. Effect of mobile phone games on reaction time. J Asian Med Stud Assoc. 2023;10(1)
  • Boot WR, Kramer AF, Simons DJ, Fabiani M, Gratton G. The effects of video game playing on attention, memory, and executive control. Acta Psychol. 2008;129(3):387-398. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2008.09.005.
  • Hunter SK, Thompson MW, Adams RD. Reaction time, strength, and physical activity in women aged 20-89 years. J Aging Phys. 2001;9(1):32-42. doi:10.1123/japa.9.1.32.
  • Ali M, Ashraf N, Khan S, et al. Incidence of Forward Head Posture in Mobile Gamers: Cross Sectional Study. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2022;16(04):766-766. doi:10.53350/pjmhs22164766
  • Emara AK, Ng MK, Cruickshank JA, et al. Gamer's health guide: optimizing performance, recognizing hazards, and promoting wellness in esports. Curr Sports Med Rep.. 2020;19(12):537-545. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000787.
  • Hlavenka TM, Christner VF, Gregory DE. Neck posture during lifting and its effect on trunk muscle activation and lumbar spine posture. Appl Ergon. 2017;62:28-33. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.02.006.
  • Yu J, Hong J, Kim J, Kim S-J, Sim D-S, Lim J-E. Influence of head posture on trunk muscle activation during prone bridging exercise. J Sci Technol.. 2015:423-427. doi: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8iS7/70459.
  • Biering-Sørensen F. Physical measurements as risk indicators for low-back trouble over a one-year period. Spine. 1984;9(2):106-119. doi: 10.1097/00007632-198403000-00002.
  • Jia B, Nussbaum MA. Influences of continuous sitting and psychosocial stress on low back kinematics, kinetics, discomfort, and localized muscle fatigue during unsupported sitting activities. Ergonomics. 2018;61(12):1671-1684. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1497815.
  • Waongenngarm P, Rajaratnam BS, Janwantanakul P. Internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle fatigue induced by slumped sitting posture after 1 hour of sitting in office workers. Safety and health at work. 2016;7(1):49-54. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2015.08.001.
  • Le P, Marras WS. Evaluating the low back biomechanics of three different office workstations: Seated, standing, and perching. Appl Ergon. 2016;56:170-178. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.04.001.
  • Baker R, Coenen P, Howie E, Williamson A, Straker L. The short term musculoskeletal and cognitive effects of prolonged sitting during office computer work. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(8):1678. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15081678.
  • Nurmagandi B, Suratmini D. The correlation between depression with online game addiction among adolescents: Systematic review. J Psychiatr Nurs.. 2024;15(1). doi: 10.14744/phd.2024.01947.
  • Canales JZ, Fiquer JT, Campos RN, Soeiro-de-Souza MG, Moreno RA. Investigation of associations between recurrence of major depressive disorder and spinal posture alignment: A quantitative cross-sectional study. Gait & posture. 2017;52:258-264. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.12.011.
  • Lissak G. Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: Literature review and case study. Environ Res. 2018;164:149-157. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.015.
  • Vié C, Govindin-Ramassamy K, Thellier D, Labrosse D, Montagni I. Effectiveness of digital games promoting young people's mental health: A review of reviews. Digit Health. 2024;10:20552076231220814. doi: 10.1177/20552076231220814.
  • Gokkurt A, Oskay D. Effects of core stability exercises on balance and upper extremity functions. Gazi University; 2017. (Unpublished master thesis).
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Public Health (Other), Rehabilitation
Journal Section Original Article | Midwifery & Nursing
Authors

Deniz Tuncer 0000-0003-4975-827X

Publication Date October 28, 2024
Submission Date July 16, 2024
Acceptance Date October 7, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Tuncer, D. (2024). Exploring the Relationship Between Online Gaming Addiction, Core Muscle Endurance, and Reaction Time in Adolescents. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(3), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1516954
AMA Tuncer D. Exploring the Relationship Between Online Gaming Addiction, Core Muscle Endurance, and Reaction Time in Adolescents. KOU Sag Bil Derg. October 2024;10(3):127-132. doi:10.30934/kusbed.1516954
Chicago Tuncer, Deniz. “Exploring the Relationship Between Online Gaming Addiction, Core Muscle Endurance, and Reaction Time in Adolescents”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 10, no. 3 (October 2024): 127-32. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1516954.
EndNote Tuncer D (October 1, 2024) Exploring the Relationship Between Online Gaming Addiction, Core Muscle Endurance, and Reaction Time in Adolescents. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 10 3 127–132.
IEEE D. Tuncer, “Exploring the Relationship Between Online Gaming Addiction, Core Muscle Endurance, and Reaction Time in Adolescents”, KOU Sag Bil Derg, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 127–132, 2024, doi: 10.30934/kusbed.1516954.
ISNAD Tuncer, Deniz. “Exploring the Relationship Between Online Gaming Addiction, Core Muscle Endurance, and Reaction Time in Adolescents”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 10/3 (October 2024), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1516954.
JAMA Tuncer D. Exploring the Relationship Between Online Gaming Addiction, Core Muscle Endurance, and Reaction Time in Adolescents. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2024;10:127–132.
MLA Tuncer, Deniz. “Exploring the Relationship Between Online Gaming Addiction, Core Muscle Endurance, and Reaction Time in Adolescents”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 3, 2024, pp. 127-32, doi:10.30934/kusbed.1516954.
Vancouver Tuncer D. Exploring the Relationship Between Online Gaming Addiction, Core Muscle Endurance, and Reaction Time in Adolescents. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2024;10(3):127-32.
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