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Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Renal Replasman Tedavisi Alan Hastalarda Mortaliteyi Öngören Klinik Belirteçler: Bir Yıllık Retrospektif Çalışması

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 171 - 176, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1768253

Abstract

Amaç: Akut böbrek hasarı (ABH), yoğun bakımda yüksek mortalite ile ilişkilidir. Yoğun bakımda akut böbrek hasarının tedavisinde sürekli renal replasman tedavisi (SRRT) uygulanır. Mortalite için prognostik belirteçlerin saptanması ve SRRT’nin erken veya geç başlanmasının hasta bakımına etkisinin belirlenmesi kritik öneme sahiptir. Çalışmamızın amacı SRRT alan YBÜ hastalarında mortaliteyi öngören klinik ve biyokimyasal belirleyicileri incelemek ve erken ile geç SRRT başlama gruplarının sonuçlarını karşılaştırmaktır.
Yöntem: Bu retrospektif, tek merkezli çalışmaya Ocak 2024–Ocak 2025 tarihleri arasında YBÜ’de SRRT uygulanan 130 erişkin hasta dahil edildi. Demografik veriler, hastalık şiddet skorları (SOFA ve APACHE II), laboratuvar değerleri ve SRRT başlama zamanı incelendi. Mortalite analizinde hastalar yaşayanlar ve ölenler olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. İkincil analizde ise başlama zamanına göre erken ve geç başlanan SRRT grupları karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Mortalite oranı %83,8 (N=109) idi. Çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizinde yüksek SOFA skoru (OR: 2,18; %95 GA: 1,38–3,45; p=0,001), artmış serum kreatinin düzeyi (OR: 0,59; %95 GA: 0,36–0,94; p=0,029), düşük trombosit sayısı, hipoalbüminemi, yüksek INR ve CRP düzeyleri mortalite ile bağımsız olarak ilişkili bulundu. Erken (%57,7) ve geç (%42,3) SRRT başlama grupları arasında mortalite açısından anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0,05). Geç gruptaki hastalar, erken gruba kıyasla daha uzun süre YBÜ ve hastanede yatış gerektirdi ve daha fazla Prismocal solüsyonu aldı (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, SOFA skoru ve serum kreatinin düzeyi de dahil olmak üzere çeşitli klinik ve biyokimyasal parametrelerin, SRRT uygulanan YBÜ hastalarında mortalitenin bağımsız öngördürücüleri olduğunu göstermiştir. Erken SRRT başlatılması sağkalımı etkilememekle birlikte, daha az diyaliz solüsyonu kullanımı ve daha kısa YBÜ ile hastane yatış süresi ile ilişkilidir. Bulgular, prognostik belirteçlerin klinik karar verme sürecine dahil edilmesinin sonuç tahminlerinin doğruluğunu artırabileceğini, ayrıca SRRT’nin erken başlatılmasının mortaliteyi değiştirmese bile lojistik ve kaynak kullanımı açısından avantaj sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir.
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References

  • White KC, Serpa-Neto A, Hurford R, et al. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: incidence, patient characteristics, timing, trajectory, treatment, and associated outcomes: a multicenter, observational study. Intensive Care Med. 2023;49(9):1079-1089. doi:10.1007/s00134-023-07138-0
  • Wald R, McArthur E, Adhikari NKJ, et al. Changing incidence and outcomes following dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury among critically ill adults: a population-based cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;65(6):870-877. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.10.017
  • Liu J, Xie H, Ye Z, Li F, Wang L. Rates, predictors, and mortality of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21(1):318. doi:10.1186/s12882-020-01974-8
  • Prowle JR. Sepsis-associated AKI. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;13(2):339-342. doi:10.2215/CJN.07310717
  • Liu L, Hu Z. When to start renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: what are we waiting for? J Intensive Med. 2024;4(3):341-346. doi:10.1016/j.jointm.2023.12.005
  • Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Crit Care Med. 2021;49(11):e1063. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337
  • Jeong R, Bagshaw SM, Ghamarian E, et al. Time to renal replacement therapy initiation in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a secondary analysis of the standard versus accelerated initiation of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury (STARRT-AKI) trial. Crit Care Med. 2025;53(4):e897-e907. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000006616
  • Järvisalo MJ, Kartiosuo N, Hellman T, Uusalo P. Predicting mortality in critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury: a retrospective single-center study of two cohorts. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):10177. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14497-z
  • Nash DM, Przech S, Wald R, O’Reilly D. Systematic review and meta-analysis of renal replacement therapy modalities for acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2017;41:138-144. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.05.002
  • Järvisalo MJ, Hellman T, Uusalo P. Mortality and associated risk factors in patients with blood culture positive sepsis and acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy: a retrospective study. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0249561. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249561
  • Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Acute kidney injury guideline: scope of work. Published October 25, 2023. Accessed July 31, 2025. https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/KDIGO-AKI-Guideline_Scope-of-Work_25Oct2023_Final.pdf
  • Zarbock A, Gerß J, Van Aken H, Boanta A, Kellum JA, Meersch M. Early versus late initiation of renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (The ELAIN-Trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016;17(1):148. doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1249-9.
  • Kang MW, Kim J, Kim DK, et al. Machine learning algorithm to predict mortality in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):42. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-2752-7
  • Gaudry S, Hajage D, Schortgen F, et al. Initiation strategies for renal-replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(2):122-133. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1603017

Clinical Markers Predicting Mortality in Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: A One-Year Retrospective Study

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 171 - 176, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1768253

Abstract

Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) necessitating continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is linked to elevated mortality rates in the intensive care unit (ICU). Finding prognostic markers affects each person's care are still very important. The objective of this study was to determine clinical and biochemical predictors of intensive care unit mortality in patients undergoing CRRT.
Methods: This retrospective single-center study encompassed 130 adult ICU patients who underwent CRRT from January 2024 to January 2025. For the mortality analysis, patients were divided into two groups: surviving and exitus. For the secondary analysis, they were divided into two groups: early CRRT and late CRRT, based on when they started.
Results: The mortality rate in the ICU was 83.8% (n=109). In multivariable logistic regression, a higher SOFA score (OR: 2.18; 95% GA: 1.38–3.45; p=0.001), increased serum creatinine (OR: 0.59; 95% GA: 0.36–0.94; p=0.029), levels were independently linked to mortality. There was no significant difference in mortality between the early (57.7%) and late (42.3%) CRRT initiation groups (p>0.05). The late group, on the other hand, stayed in the ICU and the hospital for a lot longer and got more Prismocal solution (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study identified several clinical and biochemical parameters as independent predictors of mortality in CRRT-treated ICU patients. Although early CRRT initiation did not significantly impact survival, it was associated with reduced use of dialysis solution and shorter ICU and hospital stays. These findings suggest that integrating prognostic markers into clinical decision-making may improve outcome prediction.

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Kocaeli University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethical Committee (Decision No. GOKAEK-2025/11/30). The study was performed retrospectively and all patient data were anonymized.

Supporting Institution

No funding

Thanks

The authors are grateful to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sibel Balcı from the Department of Biostatistics for her valuable assistance.

References

  • White KC, Serpa-Neto A, Hurford R, et al. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: incidence, patient characteristics, timing, trajectory, treatment, and associated outcomes: a multicenter, observational study. Intensive Care Med. 2023;49(9):1079-1089. doi:10.1007/s00134-023-07138-0
  • Wald R, McArthur E, Adhikari NKJ, et al. Changing incidence and outcomes following dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury among critically ill adults: a population-based cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;65(6):870-877. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.10.017
  • Liu J, Xie H, Ye Z, Li F, Wang L. Rates, predictors, and mortality of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21(1):318. doi:10.1186/s12882-020-01974-8
  • Prowle JR. Sepsis-associated AKI. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;13(2):339-342. doi:10.2215/CJN.07310717
  • Liu L, Hu Z. When to start renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: what are we waiting for? J Intensive Med. 2024;4(3):341-346. doi:10.1016/j.jointm.2023.12.005
  • Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Crit Care Med. 2021;49(11):e1063. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337
  • Jeong R, Bagshaw SM, Ghamarian E, et al. Time to renal replacement therapy initiation in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a secondary analysis of the standard versus accelerated initiation of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury (STARRT-AKI) trial. Crit Care Med. 2025;53(4):e897-e907. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000006616
  • Järvisalo MJ, Kartiosuo N, Hellman T, Uusalo P. Predicting mortality in critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury: a retrospective single-center study of two cohorts. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):10177. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14497-z
  • Nash DM, Przech S, Wald R, O’Reilly D. Systematic review and meta-analysis of renal replacement therapy modalities for acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2017;41:138-144. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.05.002
  • Järvisalo MJ, Hellman T, Uusalo P. Mortality and associated risk factors in patients with blood culture positive sepsis and acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy: a retrospective study. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0249561. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249561
  • Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Acute kidney injury guideline: scope of work. Published October 25, 2023. Accessed July 31, 2025. https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/KDIGO-AKI-Guideline_Scope-of-Work_25Oct2023_Final.pdf
  • Zarbock A, Gerß J, Van Aken H, Boanta A, Kellum JA, Meersch M. Early versus late initiation of renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (The ELAIN-Trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016;17(1):148. doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1249-9.
  • Kang MW, Kim J, Kim DK, et al. Machine learning algorithm to predict mortality in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):42. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-2752-7
  • Gaudry S, Hajage D, Schortgen F, et al. Initiation strategies for renal-replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(2):122-133. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1603017
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Intensive Care
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Volkan Alparslan 0000-0002-7224-0578

Samet Kutlu 0000-0002-3638-9949

Özlem Güler 0000-0002-7018-7224

Metin Ergül 0000-0002-0706-6550

İpek İzgin Avcı 0000-0002-2797-8514

Nur Baykara 0000-0002-1638-2643

Alparslan Kuş 0000-0001-6381-6371

Publication Date September 30, 2025
Submission Date August 18, 2025
Acceptance Date September 11, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Alparslan, V., Kutlu, S., Güler, Ö., … Ergül, M. (2025). Clinical Markers Predicting Mortality in Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: A One-Year Retrospective Study. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3), 171-176. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1768253
AMA Alparslan V, Kutlu S, Güler Ö, et al. Clinical Markers Predicting Mortality in Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: A One-Year Retrospective Study. KOU Sag Bil Derg. September 2025;11(3):171-176. doi:10.30934/kusbed.1768253
Chicago Alparslan, Volkan, Samet Kutlu, Özlem Güler, Metin Ergül, İpek İzgin Avcı, Nur Baykara, and Alparslan Kuş. “Clinical Markers Predicting Mortality in Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: A One-Year Retrospective Study”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11, no. 3 (September 2025): 171-76. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1768253.
EndNote Alparslan V, Kutlu S, Güler Ö, Ergül M, İzgin Avcı İ, Baykara N, Kuş A (September 1, 2025) Clinical Markers Predicting Mortality in Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: A One-Year Retrospective Study. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11 3 171–176.
IEEE V. Alparslan, S. Kutlu, Ö. Güler, M. Ergül, İ. İzgin Avcı, N. Baykara, and A. Kuş, “Clinical Markers Predicting Mortality in Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: A One-Year Retrospective Study”, KOU Sag Bil Derg, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 171–176, 2025, doi: 10.30934/kusbed.1768253.
ISNAD Alparslan, Volkan et al. “Clinical Markers Predicting Mortality in Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: A One-Year Retrospective Study”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11/3 (September2025), 171-176. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1768253.
JAMA Alparslan V, Kutlu S, Güler Ö, Ergül M, İzgin Avcı İ, Baykara N, Kuş A. Clinical Markers Predicting Mortality in Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: A One-Year Retrospective Study. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2025;11:171–176.
MLA Alparslan, Volkan et al. “Clinical Markers Predicting Mortality in Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: A One-Year Retrospective Study”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 3, 2025, pp. 171-6, doi:10.30934/kusbed.1768253.
Vancouver Alparslan V, Kutlu S, Güler Ö, Ergül M, İzgin Avcı İ, Baykara N, et al. Clinical Markers Predicting Mortality in Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: A One-Year Retrospective Study. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2025;11(3):171-6.