Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis
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Exploring Women's Health Research in OECD Countries: Analyzing Trends, Identifying Gaps, and Shaping Future Directions

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 19 - 33, 02.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.58642/kutbilim.1646056

Abstract

This study aims to systematically analyze the trends, thematic focuses, and research gaps in women's health studies conducted in OECD countries. Women's health is a multidimensional field influenced by biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors, encompassing reproductive health, chronic diseases, mental health, and lifestyle. The study examines 168 peer-reviewed articles published between 1990 and 2023 using content analysis, temporal trend analysis, and network analysis (VOSviewer).
The analyses reveal that research in this field is concentrated in three main thematic clusters: (1) healthcare expenditures and gender inequalities, (2) mental health and social policies, and (3) reproductive health and chronic diseases. Temporal data indicate a significant increase in the number of articles and citations since the 2010s, followed by a stabilization trend after 2022. Network analysis highlights the interdisciplinary intersection of economic-political, managerial, and methodological themes.
The study identifies critical gaps in women's health research, including gender disparities in investment efficiency, the lack of data standardization, and insufficient intersectionality-based approaches. Key future research priorities include digital health technologies, the healthcare needs of an aging population, and the long-term effects of post-pandemic social policies. Ultimately, the study suggests gender-sensitive policies, data integrity, and interdisciplinary collaboration as essential strategies for improving women's health in OECD countries. These findings contribute to the development of inclusive and sustainable healthcare systems.

References

  • Akın A., & Özvarış, ŞB. (2006). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de kadın sağlığının durumu. Ç. Güler ve L. Akın (Eds.), Halk Sağlığı Temel Bilgiler. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları, 188-314.
  • Asiskovitch, S. (2009). Gender and health outcomes: The impact of healthcare systems and their financing on life expectancies of women and men. Social Science & Medicine, 69(6), 887-894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.06.027
  • Barker, G., Moraes, M., & Andrade, M. F. (2018). Gender and mental health: A study of mental health outcomes in women across OECD countries. International Journal of Mental Health, 47(3), 255-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2018.1492554
  • Barthold, D., Nandi, A., Mendoza Rodríguez, J. M., & Heymann, J. (2014). Analyzing whether countries are equally efficient at improving longevity for men and women. American journal of public health, 104(11), 2163-2169.
  • Beckfield, J., Morris, K. A., & Bambra, C. (2015). How social policy contributes to the distribution of population health: The case of gender health equity. Social Science & Medicine, 136-137, 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.01
  • Briar, C. (2014). Babies and bosses: Family policy directions in the OECD. In The Politics of the Personal in Feminist Family Therapy (pp. 47-65). Routledge.
  • Coelho, K. R., Santana, P., & Naess, O. (2018). Gender disparities in mental health and the role of social factors. European Journal of Public Health, 28(2), 234-240. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx187
  • Crenshaw, K. (2019). Intersectionality and women’s health: A theoretical framework for better healthcare delivery. Routledge.
  • Dworatzek, E., Mahmoodzadeh, S., Schriever, C., Kusumoto, K., Kramer, L., Santos, G., ... & Regitz-Zagrosek, V. (2019). Sex-specific regulation of collagen I and III expression by 17β-Estradiol in cardiac fibroblasts: role of estrogen receptors. Cardiovascular research, 115(2), 315-327.
  • Erasun, J. C., Poveda, A., & Santibañez, M. (2020). The impact of socioeconomic inequalities on birth outcomes: A comparative study across OECD countries. International Journal of Public Health, 65(7), 1025-1034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01447-8
  • Eroğlu, K., & Koç G. (2012). Dünden bugüne sağlık mevzuatında kadın sağlığı kapsamında ana çocuk sağlığı hemşirelik hizmetleri. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15, 136- 151.
  • Gavurova, B., Ivankova, V., & Rigelsky, M. (2021). Gender health inequalities and economic productivity: Empirical evidence from European OECD countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 34(1), 1247-1268. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1844586
  • He, J., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, J. (2019). Women’s health during aging: A review of key concerns and research directions. Journal of Aging & Health, 31(5), 926-946. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264319878652
  • Ju, K., Kim, Y., Woo, S. H., Kim, J., Kim, I., Song, J., ... & Min, J. (2024). The impact of long working hours on daily sodium intake. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 36, e9.
  • Kang, Y., Lee, J., & Kim, H. (2020). Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in menopause management: A systematic review of risks and policies. Environmental Research, 184, 109294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109294
  • Kim, S., Lee, J., & Chang, H. (2018). Health disparities in marginalized women: The need for policy and research in OECD countries. Health Policy, 122(5), 497-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.03.004
  • Küçükaycan, D., & Çelikay, F. (2020). Sağlık hizmetlerinin kamusal niteliği: Dışsallıklar, katastrofi ve asimetri bağlamında bir değerlendirme. In G. A. Yılmaz, A. B. Doğrusöz, & A. Güner (Eds.), Güncel Maliye Tartışmaları II (pp. 109-124). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Lee, H., Kim, S., & Cho, Y. (2019). Socioeconomic disparities in suicide ideation among women: A study across OECD countries. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1345. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7753-2
  • Lupton, D. (2018). Digital health: Critical and cross-disciplinary perspectives. Routledge.
  • Manavgat, G. (2024). Sağlıkta eşitsizlikler ve sosyoekonomik yaklaşımlar. Sağlık ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 106-118. https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1401337
  • McCaffrey, C. (2017). The role of Dietary Interventions in Broiler Intestinal Health and Immunity. National University of Ireland, Maynooth (Ireland).
  • OECD. (2020). Health at a Glance 2020: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • OECD. (2021). Gender and health: Policy considerations for an inclusive recovery. OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19). https://doi.org/10.1787/22277023
  • OECD. (2021). Mental health and work: Women in the labour market. OECD Publishing.
  • OECD. (2023). Health at a Glance 2023: OECD Indicators. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
  • OECD. (2025). Health statistics: Maternal and child health indicators. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org
  • Özbaş, S., & Özkan, S. (2010). Kadın Sağlığını Geliştirmede Medyanın Kullanımı ve Etkisi. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 9(5).
  • Patel, V., Saxena, S., & Lund, C. (2020). Social determinants of mental health: A global perspective. The Lancet, 396(10257), 1361-1372.
  • Pritchard, A. (2014). Gender and feminist perspectives in tourism research. The Wiley Blackwell companion to tourism, 314-324.
  • Singh, P., Aditi, A., & Kumar, V. (2017). Sağlık hizmetlerinde eşitsizlik ve sosyal belirleyiciler. Uluslararası Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 9(2), 45-56.
  • Stefko, R., Gavurova, B., & Ivankova, V. (2018). Gender health inequality as an economic growth determinant: Empirical evidence from developed countries. Sustainability, 10(11), 3794. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113794
  • United Nations (UN). (2025). Sustainable development goals: Health and wellbeing. Retrieved from https://www.un.org
  • Vahratian, A. (2019). Utilization of fertility treatments: Findings from the National Survey of Family Growth. Fertility and Sterility, 112(3), 478-485.
  • Wamala, S., Lynch, J., & Kaplan, G. (2001). Women's exposure to socioeconomic disadvantage and the risk of cardiovascular disease. International Journal of Epidemiology, 30(4), 620-627. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/30.4.620
  • Windsor, L. C., Yannitell Reinhardt, G., Windsor, A. J., Ostergard, R., Allen, S., Burns, C., ... & Wood, R. (2020). Gender in the time of COVID-19: Evaluating national leadership and COVID-19 fatalities. PloS one, 15(12), e0244531.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Women’s health: A global perspective. Geneva: WHO.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). Delivered by women, led by men: A gender and equity analysis of the global health and social workforce. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241515467
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Women’s health in OECD countries: A comprehensive review.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). Women and health: Equity and access. Retrieved from https://www.who.int

OECD Ülkelerinde Kadın Sağlığı Araştırmalarının: Eğilimlerini Analiz Etmek, Boşlukları ve Gelecek Yönelimlerini Belirlemek

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 19 - 33, 02.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.58642/kutbilim.1646056

Abstract

Bu çalışma, OECD ülkelerinde kadın sağlığı araştırmalarının eğilimlerini, tematik odaklarını ve literatürdeki boşlukları sistematik olarak analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kadın sağlığı, biyolojik, psikolojik, sosyal ve çevresel faktörlerden etkilenen, üreme sağlığı, kronik hastalıklar, ruh sağlığı ve yaşam tarzı gibi çok boyutlu bir alandır. Çalışma, 1990-2023 yılları arasında OECD ülkelerinde yayımlanan 168 makaleyi içerik analizi, zamansal trendler ve ağ analizi (VOSviewer) yöntemleriyle incelemiştir.
Analizler, araştırmaların üç temel tematik kümede yoğunlaştığını göstermiştir: (1) sağlık harcamaları ve cinsiyet eşitsizlikleri, (2) ruh sağlığı ve sosyal politikalar, (3) üreme sağlığı ve kronik hastalıklar. Zamansal veriler, 2010’lardan itibaren makale ve atıf sayılarında belirgin bir artış olduğunu, ancak 2022 sonrasında durağanlaşma eğilimi gözlendiğini ortaya koymuştur. Ağ analizi ise ekonomi-politik, yönetimsel ve metodolojik temaların disiplinler arası bir yapıda kesiştiğini vurgulamıştır.
Çalışma, kadın sağlığı araştırmalarında yatırım etkinliğinin cinsiyete göre farklılaşması, veri standardizasyonu eksikliği gibi kritik boşlukları belirlemiştir. Özellikle dijital sağlık teknolojileri, yaşlanan nüfus ve pandemi sonrası sosyal politikaların uzun vadeli etkileri gelecek araştırmalar için öncelikli alanlar olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, OECD ülkelerinde kadın sağlığının iyileştirilmesi için cinsiyete duyarlı politikalar, veri bütünlüğü ve disiplinler arası iş birliği temelli stratejiler önerilmektedir. Bu bulgular, kapsayıcı ve sürdürülebilir sağlık sistemlerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacak niteliktedir.

References

  • Akın A., & Özvarış, ŞB. (2006). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de kadın sağlığının durumu. Ç. Güler ve L. Akın (Eds.), Halk Sağlığı Temel Bilgiler. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları, 188-314.
  • Asiskovitch, S. (2009). Gender and health outcomes: The impact of healthcare systems and their financing on life expectancies of women and men. Social Science & Medicine, 69(6), 887-894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.06.027
  • Barker, G., Moraes, M., & Andrade, M. F. (2018). Gender and mental health: A study of mental health outcomes in women across OECD countries. International Journal of Mental Health, 47(3), 255-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2018.1492554
  • Barthold, D., Nandi, A., Mendoza Rodríguez, J. M., & Heymann, J. (2014). Analyzing whether countries are equally efficient at improving longevity for men and women. American journal of public health, 104(11), 2163-2169.
  • Beckfield, J., Morris, K. A., & Bambra, C. (2015). How social policy contributes to the distribution of population health: The case of gender health equity. Social Science & Medicine, 136-137, 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.01
  • Briar, C. (2014). Babies and bosses: Family policy directions in the OECD. In The Politics of the Personal in Feminist Family Therapy (pp. 47-65). Routledge.
  • Coelho, K. R., Santana, P., & Naess, O. (2018). Gender disparities in mental health and the role of social factors. European Journal of Public Health, 28(2), 234-240. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx187
  • Crenshaw, K. (2019). Intersectionality and women’s health: A theoretical framework for better healthcare delivery. Routledge.
  • Dworatzek, E., Mahmoodzadeh, S., Schriever, C., Kusumoto, K., Kramer, L., Santos, G., ... & Regitz-Zagrosek, V. (2019). Sex-specific regulation of collagen I and III expression by 17β-Estradiol in cardiac fibroblasts: role of estrogen receptors. Cardiovascular research, 115(2), 315-327.
  • Erasun, J. C., Poveda, A., & Santibañez, M. (2020). The impact of socioeconomic inequalities on birth outcomes: A comparative study across OECD countries. International Journal of Public Health, 65(7), 1025-1034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01447-8
  • Eroğlu, K., & Koç G. (2012). Dünden bugüne sağlık mevzuatında kadın sağlığı kapsamında ana çocuk sağlığı hemşirelik hizmetleri. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15, 136- 151.
  • Gavurova, B., Ivankova, V., & Rigelsky, M. (2021). Gender health inequalities and economic productivity: Empirical evidence from European OECD countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 34(1), 1247-1268. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1844586
  • He, J., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, J. (2019). Women’s health during aging: A review of key concerns and research directions. Journal of Aging & Health, 31(5), 926-946. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264319878652
  • Ju, K., Kim, Y., Woo, S. H., Kim, J., Kim, I., Song, J., ... & Min, J. (2024). The impact of long working hours on daily sodium intake. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 36, e9.
  • Kang, Y., Lee, J., & Kim, H. (2020). Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in menopause management: A systematic review of risks and policies. Environmental Research, 184, 109294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109294
  • Kim, S., Lee, J., & Chang, H. (2018). Health disparities in marginalized women: The need for policy and research in OECD countries. Health Policy, 122(5), 497-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.03.004
  • Küçükaycan, D., & Çelikay, F. (2020). Sağlık hizmetlerinin kamusal niteliği: Dışsallıklar, katastrofi ve asimetri bağlamında bir değerlendirme. In G. A. Yılmaz, A. B. Doğrusöz, & A. Güner (Eds.), Güncel Maliye Tartışmaları II (pp. 109-124). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Lee, H., Kim, S., & Cho, Y. (2019). Socioeconomic disparities in suicide ideation among women: A study across OECD countries. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1345. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7753-2
  • Lupton, D. (2018). Digital health: Critical and cross-disciplinary perspectives. Routledge.
  • Manavgat, G. (2024). Sağlıkta eşitsizlikler ve sosyoekonomik yaklaşımlar. Sağlık ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 106-118. https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1401337
  • McCaffrey, C. (2017). The role of Dietary Interventions in Broiler Intestinal Health and Immunity. National University of Ireland, Maynooth (Ireland).
  • OECD. (2020). Health at a Glance 2020: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • OECD. (2021). Gender and health: Policy considerations for an inclusive recovery. OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19). https://doi.org/10.1787/22277023
  • OECD. (2021). Mental health and work: Women in the labour market. OECD Publishing.
  • OECD. (2023). Health at a Glance 2023: OECD Indicators. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
  • OECD. (2025). Health statistics: Maternal and child health indicators. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org
  • Özbaş, S., & Özkan, S. (2010). Kadın Sağlığını Geliştirmede Medyanın Kullanımı ve Etkisi. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 9(5).
  • Patel, V., Saxena, S., & Lund, C. (2020). Social determinants of mental health: A global perspective. The Lancet, 396(10257), 1361-1372.
  • Pritchard, A. (2014). Gender and feminist perspectives in tourism research. The Wiley Blackwell companion to tourism, 314-324.
  • Singh, P., Aditi, A., & Kumar, V. (2017). Sağlık hizmetlerinde eşitsizlik ve sosyal belirleyiciler. Uluslararası Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 9(2), 45-56.
  • Stefko, R., Gavurova, B., & Ivankova, V. (2018). Gender health inequality as an economic growth determinant: Empirical evidence from developed countries. Sustainability, 10(11), 3794. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113794
  • United Nations (UN). (2025). Sustainable development goals: Health and wellbeing. Retrieved from https://www.un.org
  • Vahratian, A. (2019). Utilization of fertility treatments: Findings from the National Survey of Family Growth. Fertility and Sterility, 112(3), 478-485.
  • Wamala, S., Lynch, J., & Kaplan, G. (2001). Women's exposure to socioeconomic disadvantage and the risk of cardiovascular disease. International Journal of Epidemiology, 30(4), 620-627. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/30.4.620
  • Windsor, L. C., Yannitell Reinhardt, G., Windsor, A. J., Ostergard, R., Allen, S., Burns, C., ... & Wood, R. (2020). Gender in the time of COVID-19: Evaluating national leadership and COVID-19 fatalities. PloS one, 15(12), e0244531.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Women’s health: A global perspective. Geneva: WHO.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). Delivered by women, led by men: A gender and equity analysis of the global health and social workforce. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241515467
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Women’s health in OECD countries: A comprehensive review.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). Women and health: Equity and access. Retrieved from https://www.who.int
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Economy
Journal Section Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis
Authors

Merve Tekinarslan 0000-0002-1054-0946

Publication Date July 2, 2025
Submission Date February 24, 2025
Acceptance Date April 29, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tekinarslan, M. (2025). OECD Ülkelerinde Kadın Sağlığı Araştırmalarının: Eğilimlerini Analiz Etmek, Boşlukları ve Gelecek Yönelimlerini Belirlemek. KutBilim Sosyal Bilimler Ve Sanat Dergisi, 5(1), 19-33. https://doi.org/10.58642/kutbilim.1646056