STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS: A RARE CASE DIAGNOSED WITH ESOPHAGEAL SWAB SAMPLE
Year 2023,
, 166 - 169, 30.04.2023
Arzu Hazal Aydın
,
Buse Bayazıt Gözüküçük
,
Nesrin Turhan
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis is an opportunistic parasite that may cause severe and fatal disease in immunocompromised hosts. A 70-year-old man with a nonspecific history except pneumoconiosis had diffuse ulcers on the esophagus. Hence, only a swab sample could be performed. On microscopic examination of the swab sample, larvae and soils were observed in necrotic and inflammatory background. It was evaluated as compatible with S. stercoralis. At repeated endoscopic examination multiple biopsies were taken from the stomach. Larvae and soils were detected in crypt lumens with chronic inflammation in gastric mucosa. We presented this case with gastric involvement as a rare presentation that has not been reported in the literature before and was diagnosed by esophageal swab sample. Although infection is usually asymptomatic in the chronic phase, it carries a high mortality risk in immunocompromised hosts. So, it is important to scan the risk group. Swab sampling is an easy method for cytological examination.
References
- Grove DI. Human Strongyloidiasis. In: Advances in Parasitology. Vol 38. Elsevier; 1996:251-309.
- Puthiyakunnon S, Boddu S, Li Y, Zhou X, Wang C, Li J, Chen X. Strongyloidiasis--an insight into its global prevalence and management. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(8):e3018.
- Ericsson CD, Steffen R, Siddiqui AA, Berk SL. Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2001;33(7):1040-7.
- Vasquez-Rios G, Pineda-Reyes R, Pineda-Reyes J, Marin R, Ruiz EF, Terashima A. Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome: a deeper understanding of a neglected disease. J Parasit Dis. 2019;43(2):167-75.
- Keiser PB, Nutman TB. Strongyloides stercoralis in the immunocompromised population. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2004;17(1):208-17.
- Marcos LA, Terashima A, DuPont HL, Gotuzzo E. Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome: an emerging global infectious disease. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2008;102(4):314-8.
- Mohamed R, Hamodat MM, Al-Abbadi MA. Gastric Strongyloidiasis: Report of 2 Cases and Brief Review of The Literature. Lab Med. 2017;48(1):93-6.
- Seo AN, Goo YK, Chung DI, Hong Y, Kwon O, Bae HI. Comorbid Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Gastric and Duodenal Strongyloides stercoralis Infection: A Case Report. Korean J Parasitol. 2015;53(1):95-9.
- Sarangarajan R, Ranganathan A, Belmonte A, Tchertkoff V. Strongyloides stercoralis infection in AIDS. AIDS patient care and STDs. 1997;11(6): 407-14.
- Siddiqui AA, Berk SL. Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33(7): 1040-7.
- Rodríguez M, Flores P, Ahumada V, Vázquez-Vázquez L, Alvarado-de la Barrera C, Reyes-Terán G. Central Nervous System Strongyloidiasis and Cryptococcosis in an HIV-Infected Patient Starting Antiretroviral Therapy. Case Reports in Medicine. 2012;2012:575470.
- Marnell F, Guillet A, Holland C. A survey of the intestinal helminths of refugees in Juba, Sudan. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology. 1992;86(4):387-93.
- Walzer PD, Milder JE, Banwell JG, Kilgore G, Klein M, Parker R. Epidemiologic features of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in an endemic area of the United States. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 1982;31(2):313-9.
- Keloth T, Rajkumari N, Gochhait D, Gudivada V, Toi PC, Siddaraju N. Microfilaria and Strongyloides larva diagnosed in cerebrospinal fluid and ascitic fluid, respectively: Approach to their morphology on cytology. Diagnostic Cytopathology. 2019;47(10): 1055-8.
- Grapsa D, Petrakakou E, Botsoli-Stergiou E, et al. Strongyloides stercoralis in a bronchial washing specimen processed as conventional and Thin-Prep smears: Report of a case and a review of the literature. Diagnostic Cytopathology. 2009;37(12): 903-5.
Strongyloides Stercoralis: Özofageal Sürüntü Örneği Sitolojisi ile Tanı Alan Nadir Bir Olgu
Year 2023,
, 166 - 169, 30.04.2023
Arzu Hazal Aydın
,
Buse Bayazıt Gözüküçük
,
Nesrin Turhan
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis immün sistemi baskılanmış bireylerde şiddetli ve ölümcül hastalık tablosu oluşturabilen fırsatçı bir parazittir. Pnömokonyoz dışında bilinen spesifik öyküsü olmayan 70 yaşında erkek hastanın endoskopik muayenesinde özofagusta diffüz ülser saptandı. Bu nedenle lezyonlardan sadece sürüntü örneği alınabildi. Sürüntü örneğinin mikroskobik incelemesinde nekrotik ve inflamatuar zeminde izlenen larva ve yumurta yapıları S stercoralis ile uyumlu olarak değerlendirildi. Tekrarlanan endoskopide mideden biyopsiler alındı. Biyopsi örneklerinde gastrik mukozada kronik inflamasyon ile kript lümenlerinde S.stercoralis larvaları ve yumurtaları gözlendi. Biz de literatürde daha önce bildirilmemiş ve özofageal sürüntü yayma ile tanı verilmiş nadir bir prezentasyon olarak mide tutulumu olan bu olguyu sunduk. S. stercoralis kronik dönemde asemptomatik olmakla birlikte, immünkompromize bireylerde infeksiyon yüksek mortalite riski taşır. Bu nedenle risk gruplarının taranması önemlidir. Sürüntü örneklemesi sitolojik inceleme için kolay bir yöntemdir.
References
- Grove DI. Human Strongyloidiasis. In: Advances in Parasitology. Vol 38. Elsevier; 1996:251-309.
- Puthiyakunnon S, Boddu S, Li Y, Zhou X, Wang C, Li J, Chen X. Strongyloidiasis--an insight into its global prevalence and management. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(8):e3018.
- Ericsson CD, Steffen R, Siddiqui AA, Berk SL. Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2001;33(7):1040-7.
- Vasquez-Rios G, Pineda-Reyes R, Pineda-Reyes J, Marin R, Ruiz EF, Terashima A. Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome: a deeper understanding of a neglected disease. J Parasit Dis. 2019;43(2):167-75.
- Keiser PB, Nutman TB. Strongyloides stercoralis in the immunocompromised population. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2004;17(1):208-17.
- Marcos LA, Terashima A, DuPont HL, Gotuzzo E. Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome: an emerging global infectious disease. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2008;102(4):314-8.
- Mohamed R, Hamodat MM, Al-Abbadi MA. Gastric Strongyloidiasis: Report of 2 Cases and Brief Review of The Literature. Lab Med. 2017;48(1):93-6.
- Seo AN, Goo YK, Chung DI, Hong Y, Kwon O, Bae HI. Comorbid Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Gastric and Duodenal Strongyloides stercoralis Infection: A Case Report. Korean J Parasitol. 2015;53(1):95-9.
- Sarangarajan R, Ranganathan A, Belmonte A, Tchertkoff V. Strongyloides stercoralis infection in AIDS. AIDS patient care and STDs. 1997;11(6): 407-14.
- Siddiqui AA, Berk SL. Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33(7): 1040-7.
- Rodríguez M, Flores P, Ahumada V, Vázquez-Vázquez L, Alvarado-de la Barrera C, Reyes-Terán G. Central Nervous System Strongyloidiasis and Cryptococcosis in an HIV-Infected Patient Starting Antiretroviral Therapy. Case Reports in Medicine. 2012;2012:575470.
- Marnell F, Guillet A, Holland C. A survey of the intestinal helminths of refugees in Juba, Sudan. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology. 1992;86(4):387-93.
- Walzer PD, Milder JE, Banwell JG, Kilgore G, Klein M, Parker R. Epidemiologic features of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in an endemic area of the United States. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 1982;31(2):313-9.
- Keloth T, Rajkumari N, Gochhait D, Gudivada V, Toi PC, Siddaraju N. Microfilaria and Strongyloides larva diagnosed in cerebrospinal fluid and ascitic fluid, respectively: Approach to their morphology on cytology. Diagnostic Cytopathology. 2019;47(10): 1055-8.
- Grapsa D, Petrakakou E, Botsoli-Stergiou E, et al. Strongyloides stercoralis in a bronchial washing specimen processed as conventional and Thin-Prep smears: Report of a case and a review of the literature. Diagnostic Cytopathology. 2009;37(12): 903-5.