Toplumda Akılcı Antibiyotik Kullanımı Hakkında Bir Kaynak Olarak Youtube™ Kalitesi: Antimikrobiyal Yönetimine İyileştirici Bir Yaklaşım

Abstract

Amaç: Antibiyotik kullanımı enfeksiyon hastalıklarının tedavisinde devrim niteliğinde bir dönüşüm oluştursa da hastalıklardaki artışa paralel olarak uygunsuz ve akılcı olmayan kullanım sonucu antimikrobiyal direnç sorununu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Çalışma, akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı için etkili ilaç bilgi sistemlerinin geliştirilmesine yardımcı olmayı ve hastaların bilinçli tedavi kararları vermesini sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: “Doğru antibiyotik kullanımı", "Yanlış antibiyotik kullanımı" ve "Antibiyotik direnci" üç anahtar kelime kullanılarak bir YouTube™ araması yapıldı. Video uzunlukları, yükleme tarihleri, toplam görüntüleme sayıları, beğeniler, beğenmemeler ve yorumlar toplandı. Çalışma, arama terimlerimizin her biri için doğrudan alakalı en iyi 90 videoyu inceledi ve analiz etti. Video bağlantıları daha sonra analiz edilmek üzere kaydedildi. Videolar, altyazısız, İngilizce dilinde, müzik ya da anime hayvan gibi görüntüler içermeyen videolar arasından seçilmiştir. Bununla birlikte tüm seçilen videoların, halkı doğru bilinçlendiren ve reklam amaçlı bilgiler içermeyen videolar olmasına öze gösterildi. İki farmakolog bağımsız olarak videoları değerlendirdi. Görüntülenen her video için şu bilgiler analiz edildi: videonun başlığı, yüklendiği tarih, videonun kaynağı ve konumu, videonun toplam izlenme sayısı, süresi, beğeni ve beğenmeme sayısı ve yorum sayısı DSÖ (Dünya Sağlık Örgütü) kılavuzu tarafından hazırlanan 10 soru, seçilen videolardaki tıbbi bilgileri değerlendirmek için kullanılan en kaliteli DISCERN ve JAMA ölçekleri kullanılarak puanlandı. Bulgular: Değerlendirme sonrası YouTube arama sonuçlarında en çok görüntülenen 422 videodan 90 tanesi inceleme için çalışmaya eklendi. Ortalama etkileşim oranı 0.58 idi. Ortalama DISCERN ve JAMA puanları sırasıyla 46.42±10.91 ve 2.29±0.58 idi. DISCERN ve JAMA ölçeklerine göre değerlendirilen videolar arasında yüksek korelasyon vardı. Sonuç: YouTube™ videoları, akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı için yararlı bir kaynak olarak kullanılabilir. Antimikrobiyal direnç konularının sosyal medyada bu şekilde yer alması, saha koşullarında kapsamlı bir şekilde test edilmesi ve daha geniş ölçekte kamu yararına kullanılması halinde antimikrobiyal dirence karşı dünya çapında mücadelede bir mihenk taşı olabilir.

Keywords

• İlaç direnci
• mikrobiyal
• antimikrobiyal ilaç direnci
• ilaç kullanımı.

Supporting Institution

Yok.

Project Number

Yok.

YOUTUBE™ QUALITY AS A RESOURCE ON RATIONAL USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN THE COMMUNITY: A REMEDIAL APPROACH TO ANTIMICROBIAL MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Objective: Infections for which antibiotics were influential in the past, cannot be adequately treated today and the evolution of microorganisms with multiple antibiotic resistance is due to the irrational use of antibiotics. The study aims to help develop effective drug information systems for rational antibiotic use and enable patients to make informed treatment decisions. Material and Methods: A search of YouTube™ was performed using the three keywords ‘correct antibiotic use’, ‘wrong antibiotic use’, and ‘antibiotic resistance’. Video lengths, dates of upload, numbers of total views, likes, dislikes, and comments were collected. The study viewed and analyzed the top 90 directly relevant videos for each of our search terms. Two pharmacologists independently evaluated the videos. For each video viewed, the following information was analyzed: the video's title, the date it was uploaded, the source and location of the video, the number of views the video has received overall, its duration, the number of likes and dislikes, and the number of comments. Results: 90 of the top 422 videos from the YouTube™ search results after evaluation were added to the study for additional examination. The mean DISCERN and JAMA scores were 46.42±10.91 and 2.29±0.58, respectively. There was a high correlation between the videos evaluated according to DISCERN and JAMA scales. Conclusion: YouTube™ videos can be used as a valuable source for rational antibiotic use. This inclusion of antimicrobial resistance topics in social media could be a cornerstone in the worldwide fight against antimicrobial resistance if tested extensively in field conditions and used in the public interest on a larger scale.

Keywords

• Drug resistance
• microbial
• antimicrobial drug resistance
• drug use

Project Number

Yok.

References

1. World Health Organization (WHO). Promoting Rational Use of Medicines: Core Components. WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines, Geneva, 2002: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/h3011e/ h3011e.pdf.
2. Le Grand A, Hogerzeil HV, Haajier Ruscamp FM. Intervention research in rational use of drugs: A review. Health Policy Plan. 1999;14(2):89-102.
3. Promoting rational drug use. Trainer’s guide. Accra, Ghana, 1998;15-27. chrome-extension:// efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://apps.wh o.int/iris/bitstream/10665/67438/1/WHO_EDM_20 02.3.pdf
4. Almarsdottir AB, Traulsen JM. Rational use of medicines - an important issue in pharmaceutical policy. Pharm World Sci. 2005;27(2):76-80.
5. Phillips DP, Breder CC. Morbidity and mortality from medical errors: An increasingly serious public health problem. Annu Rev Public Health. 2002;23(1):135-50.
6. Guide to good prescribing. WHO/Action programme on essential drugs, Geneva, 1994. http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/whozip23e/w hozip23e.pdf.
7. Holloway K, van Dijk L. The World Medicines Situation 2011-Rational Use of Medicines. WHO, Geneva, 2011: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/ documents/s18064en/s18064en.pdf
8. Özçelikay G. A pilot study on rational drug use. J Fac Pharm, Ankara, 2001;30(2):9-18.

9. Mascia MF, Koch M, Medicis JJ. Pharmacoeconomic impact of rational use guidelines on the provision of analgesia, sedation, and neuromuscular blockade in critical care. Crit Care Med. 2000;28(7):2300-6.
10. Siddiqi S, Hamid S, Rafique G, Chaudhry SA, Ali N, Shahab S, et al. Prescription practices of public and private health care providers in the Attock district of Pakistan. Int J Health Plan and Manage. 2002;17(1):23-40.
11. WHO / DAP: Injection Use and Practices in Uganda. Geneva: DAP. 1994. https://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/59735?show=full.
12. Wondimu A, Molla F, Demeke B, et al. Household storage of medicines and associated factors in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia. PloS One. 2015;10(8):e0135650.
13. Jassim AM. In-home drug storage and self- medication with antimicrobial drugs in Basrah, Iraq. Oman Med J. 2010;25(2):79-87.
14. Ayele Y, Mamu M. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice towards disposal of unused and expired pharmaceuticals among the community in Harar city, Eastern Ethiopia. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2018;15(11):1-7.
15. Basaran NF, Akici A. Patients’ experience and perspectives on the rational use of drugs in Turkey: A survey study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2012;6(1):719-24.
16. Kunin CM. Problems of antibiotic usage; definitions, causes, and proposed solutions. Ann Intern Med. 1978;89(5Pt2Suppl):802-5.
17. Smith JW, Jones SR. An educational program for the rational use of antimicrobial agents. South Med J. 1977;70(2):215-8.
18. Couper MR. Strategies for the rational use of antimicrobials. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24(1):154-6.
19. Guglielmo BJ. Practical strategies for the appropriate use of antimicrobials. Pharm World Sci. 1995;17(4):96-102.
20. Moellering RC. Principles of anti-infective therapy. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles and practice of infectious disease. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1995;10(5):303–4.
21. Beam TR Jr, Gilbert DN, Kunin CM. General guidelines for the clinical evaluation of anti- infective drug products. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;15(1):5-32.
22. Roberts AW, Visconti JA. The rational and irrational use of systemic antimicrobial drugs. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1972;29(10):828-34.
23. Gyssens IC. Quality measures of antimicrobial drug use. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2001;17(1):9-19.
24. Hart CA, Kariuki S. Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. BMJ. 1998;317(7159):647- 50.
25. Erbay A, Colpan A, Bodur H, Cevik MA, Samore MH, Ergonul O. Evaluation of antibiotic use in a hospital with an antibiotic restriction policy. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2003;21(4):308-12.
26. Buke C, Hosgor-Limoncu M, Ermertcan S, Ciceklioglu M, Tuncel M, Kose T, Eren S. Irrational use of antibiotics among university students. J Infect. 2005;51(2):135-9.
27. Ozkurt Z, Erol S, Kadanalı A, Ertek M, Ozden K, Tasyaran MA. Changes in antibiotic use, cost and consumption after an antibiotic restriction policy applied by infectious disease specialists. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005;58(6):338- 43.
28. Desai T, Shariff A, Dhingra V, Minhas D, Eure M, Kats M. Is content king? An objective analysis of the public’s response to medical videos on YouTube. PLoS One. 2013;18(8):e82469.
29. Organization WH. Using indicators to measure country pharmaceutical situations: Fact book on WHO Level I and Level II monitoring indicators. Using indicators to measure country pharmaceutical situations: Fact book on WHO Level I and Level II monitoring indicators. 2006:xviii, 84–xviii: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/354554
30. Gokcen HB, Gumussuyu G. A quality analysis of disc herniation videos on YouTube. World Neurosurg. 2019;124(1):799-804.
31. Silberg WM, Lundberg GD, Musacchio RA. Assessing, controlling, and assuring the quality of medical information on the internet: Caveat lector et view or let the reader and viewer beware. JAMA. 1997;277(15):1244-5.
32. Duman C. YouTube™ quality as a source for parent education about the oral hygiene of children.Intern J Dental Hygiene. 2020;18(3):261-7.
33. Hassona Y, Taimeh D, Marahleh A, Scully C. YouTube as a source of information on the mouth (oral) cancer. Oral Dis. 2016;22(3):202-8.
34. Carlsson M. Cancer patients seeking information from sources outside the health care system. Support Care Cancer. 2000;8(6):453-7.
35. Madathil KC, Rivera Rodriguez AJ, Greenstein JS, Gramopadhye AK. Healthcare information on YouTube: A systematic review. Health Informatics J. 2015;21(3):173-94.
36. Conti P, D'Ovidio C, Conti C, Gallenga CE, Lauritano D, Caraffa A, et al. Progression in migraine: Role of mast cells and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Eur J Pharmacol. 2019;844(1):87-94.
37. Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, Horoi M, Le Bon SD, Rodriguez A, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277(8):2251-61.