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EFFECTS OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER TREATMENT ON INTERNET GAMING DISORDER, SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION, AND CYBERBULLYING IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Year 2021, , 107 - 115, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.843264

Abstract

Objective: There are many studies investigating the comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and internet gaming disorder and cyberbullying. However, there are few studies evaluating the effect of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment on them. This study's primary objective was to investigate the effects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity hisorder treatment on internet gaming disorder, social media addiction, and cyberbullying.
Material and Methods: We recruited 76 subjects diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Forty children and adolescents between ages of 9 and 18 who were followed up with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and received regular attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment were included in Group 1. Group 2 consisted of 36 children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who were diagnosed for the first time. The participants were assessed using the internet gaming disorder Scale, Social Media Addiction Scale, and the Cyberbullying and Online Aggression Survey Instrument.
Results: Internet gaming disorder was significantly more frequent in the untreated group than in the treatment-receiving group. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of social media addiction. When the groups were evaluated in terms of cyberbullying, no differences were observed between the groups.
Conclusion: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms may play a role as an important risk factor of internet gaming disorder. Effective treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may prevent the onset of internet gaming disorder.

References

  • 1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington. American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.
  • 2. Zajac K, Ginley MK, Chang R, Petry NM. Treatments for Internet gaming disorder and Internet addiction: A systematic review. Psychol Addict Behav. 2017;31(8):979-94.
  • 3. Carli V, Durkee T, Wasserman D, Hadlaczky G, Despalins R, Kramarz E et al. The association between pathological internet use and comorbid psychopathology: a systematic review. Psychopathology. 2013;46(1):1-13.
  • 4. Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, Tang TC, Ko CH. The association between adult ADHD symptoms and internet addiction among college students: the gender difference. Cyberpsychology Behav. 2009;12(2):187-91.
  • 5. Kawabe K, Horiuchi F, Ochi M, Oka Y, Ueno S. Internet addiction: Prevalence and relation with mental states in adolescents. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2016;70(9):405-12.
  • 6. Andreassen CS, Billieux J, Griffiths MD, Kuss DJ, Demetrovics Z, Mazzoni E et al. The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychol Addict Behav. 2016;30(2):252-62.
  • 7. Zajac K, Ginley MK, Chang R. Treatments of internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of the evidence. Expert Rev Neurother. 2020;20(1):85-93.
  • 8. Han DH, Hwang JW, Renshaw PF. Bupropion sustained release treatment decreases craving for video games and cue-induced brain activity in patients with Internet video game addiction. 2010;18(4):297-304.
  • 9. Nam B, Bae S, Kim SM, Hong JS, Han DH. Comparing the effects of bupropion and escitalopram on excessive internet game play in patients with major depressive disorder. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2017;15(4):361-8.
  • 10. Park JH, Lee YS, Sohn JH, Han DH. Effectiveness of atomoxetine and methylphenidate for problematic online gaming in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp. 2016;31(6):427-32.
  • 11. Bielefeld M, Drews M, Putzig I, Bottel L, Steinbüchel T, Dieris-Hirche J et al. Comorbidity of Internet use disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Two adult case–control studies. J Behav Addict. 2017;6(4):490-504.
  • 12. Hawker DSJ, Boulton MJ. Twenty years’ research on peer victimization and psychosocial maladjustment: A meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip. 2000;41(4):441-55.
  • 13. Kok FM, Groen Y, Fuermaier ABM, Tucha O. Problematic peer functioning in girls with ADHD: A systematic literature review. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0165119.
  • 14. Patchin JW, Hinduja S. Traditional and nontraditional bullying among youth: A test of general strain theory. Youth Soc. 2011;43(2):727-51.
  • 15. Heiman T, Olenik-Shemesh D, Eden S. Cyberbullying involvement among students with ADHD: Relation to loneliness, self-efficacy and social support. Eur J Spec Needs Educ. 2015;30(1):15-29.
  • 16. Rao J, Wang H, Pang M, Yang J, Zhang J, Ye Y et al. Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among junior and senior high school students in Guangzhou, China. Inj Prev. 2019;25(1):13-9.
  • 17. Tural Hesapcioglu S, Kandemir G. Association of methylphenidate use and traditional/cyberbullying. Pediatr Int. 2020;62(6):725-35.
  • 18. Pontes HM, Griffiths MD. Measuring DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder: Development and validation of a short psychometric scale. Comput Human Behav. 2015;45(4):137-43.
  • 19. Arıcak OT, Dinç M, Yay M, Griffiths MD. İnternet Oyun Oynama Bozukluğu Ölçeği Kısa Formu’nun (İOOBÖ9-KF) Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Addicta Turkish J Addict. 2018;5(4):615-36.
  • 20. Van Den Eijnden RJJM, Lemmens JS, Valkenburg PM. The social media disorder scale. Comput Human Behav. 2016;61(8):478-87.
  • 21. Taş İ. The Social Media Addiction Scale (SF) for adolescents: A study of validity and reliability. Online J Technol Addict Cyberbullying. 2017;4(1):27-40.
  • 22. Hinduja S, Patchin JW. Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization. Deviant Behav. 2008;29(2):129-56.
  • 23. Özdemir M, Akar F. Lise öğrencilerinin siber-zorbalığa ilişkin görüşlerinin bazı değişkenler bakımından incelenmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Egit Yönetimi Derg. 2011;17(4):605-26.
  • 24. Tsitsika A, Janikian M, Schoenmakers TM, Tzavela EC, Olafsson K, Wójcik S et al. Internet addictive behavior in adolescence: A cross-sectional study in seven European countries. Cyberpsychology, Behav Soc Netw. 2014;17(8):528-35.
  • 25. Park JH, Hong JS, Han DH, Min KJ, Lee YS, Kee BS et al. Comparison of QEEG findings between adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) without comorbidity and ADHD comorbid with Internet gaming disorder. J Korean Med Sci. 2017;32(3):514-21.
  • 26. Weinstein A, Yaacov Y, Manning M, Danon P, Weizman A. Internet addiction and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among school children. Isr Med Assoc J IMAJ. 2015;17(12):731-4.
  • 27. Weinstein A, Weizman A. Emerging association between addictive gaming and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012;14(5):590-7.
  • 28. Chan PA, Rabinowitz T. A cross-sectional analysis of video games and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adolescents. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2006;5(16):1-10.
  • 29. Han DH, Lee YS, Na C, Ahn JY, Chung US, Daniels MA et al. The effect of methylphenidate on Internet video game play in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2009;50(3):251-6.
  • 30. Huang X, Li M, Tao R. Treatment of internet addiction. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2010;12(5):462-70.
  • 31. Koepp MJ, Gunn RN, Lawrence AD, Cunningham VJ, Dagher A, Jones T et al. Evidence for striatal dopamine release during a video game. Nature. 1998;393(6682):266-8.
  • 32. Gul H, Yurumez Solmaz E, Gul A, Oner O. Facebook overuse and addiction among Turkish adolescents: Are ADHD and ADHD-related problems risk factors? Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 2018;28(1):80-90.
  • 33. Settanni M, Marengo D, Fabris MA, Longobardi C. The interplay between ADHD symptoms and time perspective in addictive social media use: A study on adolescent Facebook users. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2018;89(6):165-70.
  • 34. Didden R, Scholte RHJ, Korzilius H, De Moor JMH, Vermeulen A, O’Reilly M et al. Cyberbullying among students with intellectual and developmental disability in special education settings. Dev Neurorehabil. 2009;12(3):146-51.
  • 35. Kowalski RM, Fedina C. Cyber bullying in ADHD and Asperger Syndrome populations. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2011;5(3):1201-8.

Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tedavisinin İnternet Oyun Oynama Bozukluğu, Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı ve Siber Zorbalık Üzerine Olan Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2021, , 107 - 115, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.843264

Abstract

Amaç: Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ile internet oyun oynama bozukluğunun ve siber zorbalığın komorbiditesini inceleyen çok sayıda çalışma vardır. Ancak dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu tedavisinin bunlar üzerine etkisini inceleyen çalışma sayısı kısıtlıdır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu tedavisinin internet oyun oynama bozukluğu, sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve siber zorbalık üzerine olan etkilerini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu tanısı olan 76 olgu dahil edildi. Yaşları 9-18 aralığında olan ve dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu tanısı ile takip edilip düzenli olarak tedavi alan 40 çocuk ve ergen Grup 1 olarak çalışmaya alındı. Grup 2’ye dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu tanısı yeni konmuş 36 çocuk ve ergen dahil edildi. Katılımcılar internet oyun oynama bozukluğu ölçeği, sosyal medya bağımlılığı ölçeği ve siber zorbalık ve internet saldırganlığı tarama ölçeği ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Tedavi almayan grupta internet oyun oynama bozukluğu tedavi alan gruba göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu. Ancak gruplar arasında sosyal medya bağımlılığı açısından farklılık saptanmadı. Gruplar arasında siber zorbalık açısından da farklılık saptanmadı.
Sonuç: Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu semptomları internet oyun oynama bozukluğu için önemli bir risk faktörü olabilir. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğunun etkili bir şekilde tedavi edilmesi oyun bağımlılığın başlamasını etkileyebilir. 

References

  • 1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington. American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.
  • 2. Zajac K, Ginley MK, Chang R, Petry NM. Treatments for Internet gaming disorder and Internet addiction: A systematic review. Psychol Addict Behav. 2017;31(8):979-94.
  • 3. Carli V, Durkee T, Wasserman D, Hadlaczky G, Despalins R, Kramarz E et al. The association between pathological internet use and comorbid psychopathology: a systematic review. Psychopathology. 2013;46(1):1-13.
  • 4. Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, Tang TC, Ko CH. The association between adult ADHD symptoms and internet addiction among college students: the gender difference. Cyberpsychology Behav. 2009;12(2):187-91.
  • 5. Kawabe K, Horiuchi F, Ochi M, Oka Y, Ueno S. Internet addiction: Prevalence and relation with mental states in adolescents. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2016;70(9):405-12.
  • 6. Andreassen CS, Billieux J, Griffiths MD, Kuss DJ, Demetrovics Z, Mazzoni E et al. The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychol Addict Behav. 2016;30(2):252-62.
  • 7. Zajac K, Ginley MK, Chang R. Treatments of internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of the evidence. Expert Rev Neurother. 2020;20(1):85-93.
  • 8. Han DH, Hwang JW, Renshaw PF. Bupropion sustained release treatment decreases craving for video games and cue-induced brain activity in patients with Internet video game addiction. 2010;18(4):297-304.
  • 9. Nam B, Bae S, Kim SM, Hong JS, Han DH. Comparing the effects of bupropion and escitalopram on excessive internet game play in patients with major depressive disorder. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2017;15(4):361-8.
  • 10. Park JH, Lee YS, Sohn JH, Han DH. Effectiveness of atomoxetine and methylphenidate for problematic online gaming in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp. 2016;31(6):427-32.
  • 11. Bielefeld M, Drews M, Putzig I, Bottel L, Steinbüchel T, Dieris-Hirche J et al. Comorbidity of Internet use disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Two adult case–control studies. J Behav Addict. 2017;6(4):490-504.
  • 12. Hawker DSJ, Boulton MJ. Twenty years’ research on peer victimization and psychosocial maladjustment: A meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip. 2000;41(4):441-55.
  • 13. Kok FM, Groen Y, Fuermaier ABM, Tucha O. Problematic peer functioning in girls with ADHD: A systematic literature review. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0165119.
  • 14. Patchin JW, Hinduja S. Traditional and nontraditional bullying among youth: A test of general strain theory. Youth Soc. 2011;43(2):727-51.
  • 15. Heiman T, Olenik-Shemesh D, Eden S. Cyberbullying involvement among students with ADHD: Relation to loneliness, self-efficacy and social support. Eur J Spec Needs Educ. 2015;30(1):15-29.
  • 16. Rao J, Wang H, Pang M, Yang J, Zhang J, Ye Y et al. Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among junior and senior high school students in Guangzhou, China. Inj Prev. 2019;25(1):13-9.
  • 17. Tural Hesapcioglu S, Kandemir G. Association of methylphenidate use and traditional/cyberbullying. Pediatr Int. 2020;62(6):725-35.
  • 18. Pontes HM, Griffiths MD. Measuring DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder: Development and validation of a short psychometric scale. Comput Human Behav. 2015;45(4):137-43.
  • 19. Arıcak OT, Dinç M, Yay M, Griffiths MD. İnternet Oyun Oynama Bozukluğu Ölçeği Kısa Formu’nun (İOOBÖ9-KF) Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Addicta Turkish J Addict. 2018;5(4):615-36.
  • 20. Van Den Eijnden RJJM, Lemmens JS, Valkenburg PM. The social media disorder scale. Comput Human Behav. 2016;61(8):478-87.
  • 21. Taş İ. The Social Media Addiction Scale (SF) for adolescents: A study of validity and reliability. Online J Technol Addict Cyberbullying. 2017;4(1):27-40.
  • 22. Hinduja S, Patchin JW. Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization. Deviant Behav. 2008;29(2):129-56.
  • 23. Özdemir M, Akar F. Lise öğrencilerinin siber-zorbalığa ilişkin görüşlerinin bazı değişkenler bakımından incelenmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Egit Yönetimi Derg. 2011;17(4):605-26.
  • 24. Tsitsika A, Janikian M, Schoenmakers TM, Tzavela EC, Olafsson K, Wójcik S et al. Internet addictive behavior in adolescence: A cross-sectional study in seven European countries. Cyberpsychology, Behav Soc Netw. 2014;17(8):528-35.
  • 25. Park JH, Hong JS, Han DH, Min KJ, Lee YS, Kee BS et al. Comparison of QEEG findings between adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) without comorbidity and ADHD comorbid with Internet gaming disorder. J Korean Med Sci. 2017;32(3):514-21.
  • 26. Weinstein A, Yaacov Y, Manning M, Danon P, Weizman A. Internet addiction and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among school children. Isr Med Assoc J IMAJ. 2015;17(12):731-4.
  • 27. Weinstein A, Weizman A. Emerging association between addictive gaming and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012;14(5):590-7.
  • 28. Chan PA, Rabinowitz T. A cross-sectional analysis of video games and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adolescents. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2006;5(16):1-10.
  • 29. Han DH, Lee YS, Na C, Ahn JY, Chung US, Daniels MA et al. The effect of methylphenidate on Internet video game play in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2009;50(3):251-6.
  • 30. Huang X, Li M, Tao R. Treatment of internet addiction. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2010;12(5):462-70.
  • 31. Koepp MJ, Gunn RN, Lawrence AD, Cunningham VJ, Dagher A, Jones T et al. Evidence for striatal dopamine release during a video game. Nature. 1998;393(6682):266-8.
  • 32. Gul H, Yurumez Solmaz E, Gul A, Oner O. Facebook overuse and addiction among Turkish adolescents: Are ADHD and ADHD-related problems risk factors? Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 2018;28(1):80-90.
  • 33. Settanni M, Marengo D, Fabris MA, Longobardi C. The interplay between ADHD symptoms and time perspective in addictive social media use: A study on adolescent Facebook users. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2018;89(6):165-70.
  • 34. Didden R, Scholte RHJ, Korzilius H, De Moor JMH, Vermeulen A, O’Reilly M et al. Cyberbullying among students with intellectual and developmental disability in special education settings. Dev Neurorehabil. 2009;12(3):146-51.
  • 35. Kowalski RM, Fedina C. Cyber bullying in ADHD and Asperger Syndrome populations. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2011;5(3):1201-8.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Arif Önder 0000-0003-0571-9295

Özge Gizli Çoban 0000-0003-4533-105X

Aslı Sürer Adanır 0000-0002-6223-756X

Gözde Dokuz This is me 0000-0003-2045-6622

Zehra Ece Soğucak This is me 0000-0003-3610-842X

Publication Date April 30, 2021
Submission Date December 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Önder, A., Gizli Çoban, Ö., Sürer Adanır, A., Dokuz, G., et al. (2021). EFFECTS OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER TREATMENT ON INTERNET GAMING DISORDER, SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION, AND CYBERBULLYING IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, 23(1), 107-115. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.843264
AMA Önder A, Gizli Çoban Ö, Sürer Adanır A, Dokuz G, Soğucak ZE. EFFECTS OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER TREATMENT ON INTERNET GAMING DISORDER, SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION, AND CYBERBULLYING IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. Kırıkkale Üni Tıp Derg. April 2021;23(1):107-115. doi:10.24938/kutfd.843264
Chicago Önder, Arif, Özge Gizli Çoban, Aslı Sürer Adanır, Gözde Dokuz, and Zehra Ece Soğucak. “EFFECTS OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER TREATMENT ON INTERNET GAMING DISORDER, SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION, AND CYBERBULLYING IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS”. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine 23, no. 1 (April 2021): 107-15. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.843264.
EndNote Önder A, Gizli Çoban Ö, Sürer Adanır A, Dokuz G, Soğucak ZE (April 1, 2021) EFFECTS OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER TREATMENT ON INTERNET GAMING DISORDER, SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION, AND CYBERBULLYING IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine 23 1 107–115.
IEEE A. Önder, Ö. Gizli Çoban, A. Sürer Adanır, G. Dokuz, and Z. E. Soğucak, “EFFECTS OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER TREATMENT ON INTERNET GAMING DISORDER, SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION, AND CYBERBULLYING IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS”, Kırıkkale Üni Tıp Derg, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 107–115, 2021, doi: 10.24938/kutfd.843264.
ISNAD Önder, Arif et al. “EFFECTS OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER TREATMENT ON INTERNET GAMING DISORDER, SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION, AND CYBERBULLYING IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS”. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine 23/1 (April 2021), 107-115. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.843264.
JAMA Önder A, Gizli Çoban Ö, Sürer Adanır A, Dokuz G, Soğucak ZE. EFFECTS OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER TREATMENT ON INTERNET GAMING DISORDER, SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION, AND CYBERBULLYING IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. Kırıkkale Üni Tıp Derg. 2021;23:107–115.
MLA Önder, Arif et al. “EFFECTS OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER TREATMENT ON INTERNET GAMING DISORDER, SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION, AND CYBERBULLYING IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS”. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, vol. 23, no. 1, 2021, pp. 107-15, doi:10.24938/kutfd.843264.
Vancouver Önder A, Gizli Çoban Ö, Sürer Adanır A, Dokuz G, Soğucak ZE. EFFECTS OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER TREATMENT ON INTERNET GAMING DISORDER, SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION, AND CYBERBULLYING IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. Kırıkkale Üni Tıp Derg. 2021;23(1):107-15.

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