GRİP VE AŞI

Year 2018, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 329 - 344, 30.12.2018

Sedat Kaygusuz , Serdar Gül

https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.500424

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Grip, influenza virüsleri tarafından gelişen, akut, ciddi
ve salgınlara yol açabilen bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Üç tip (A, B ve C)
influenza virüsü tanımlanmış olup, İnfluenza A bu tipler içerisinde en ağır
seyirli olandır. Hastalık solunum yoluyla bulaşır ve kış aylarında daha sıktır.
Pnömoni, en önemli komplikasyonu olmakla birlikte, kardiyak ve merkezi sinir
sistemi komplikasyonları da görülebilir. Tanı genellikle klinik olarak
konulmakla birlikte, tanıyı desteklemek için moleküler testler de
kullanılabilir. Oseltemivir ve zanamivir tedavide kullanılabilecek
antivirallerden olup, hastalığın erken evrelerinde kullanıldıklarında
hastalığın süresini ve komplikasyon riskini azaltırlar.

Aşı, risk faktörü bulunan kişilerde altta yatan
hastalığın daha da kötüleşmesinin, morbiditenin ve mortalitenin önündeki en
önemli önleyici seçenektir. Kontrendikasyonu olmayan ≥6 aylık tüm kişiler için
rutin yıllık influenza aşısı önerilmektedir. 2018-19 sezonunda da standart
dozda, adjuvanlanmamış, inaktif influenza aşıları, üçlü (Trivalan) (IIV3) ve
dörtlü (Tetravalan) (IIV4) formülasyonlarda piyasaya sunulmuştur. Üçlü
influenza aşılarında A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1) pdm09 benzeri virüs,
A/Singapur/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2) benzeri virüs ve B/Colorado/06/2017
benzeri virüs (Victoria soyu) bulunurken, dörtlü influenza aşıları, bu üç virüs
suşuna ek olarak bir influenza B aşı virüsü olan B/Phuket/3073/2013-benzeri
virüs (Yamagata soyu) ile sunulmuştur. Aşıların endikasyonları,
kontrendikasyonları ve alınacak önlemler yazıda tartışılmaktadır. 

Keywords

Grip, aşılama, trivalan aşı, tetravalan aşı

Influenza and Vaccine

Abstract

 

Influenza is an
acute, severe infectious disease caused by influenza viruses and it can lead to
pandemics. Three types of Influenza viruses (A, B and C) are determined and
type A causes the most severe infection. The disease spreads via respiratory
route and occurs commonly in winter. While pneumonia is the most important
complication, central nervous system complications can also be seen. The
diagnosis is usually established by clinical findings but molecular techniques
can also be used for supporting the diagnosis. Oseltamivir and Zanamivir are
the antivirals used for treatment and they shorten the duration of the disease
and decrease the complication risk. Vaccination is the most important tool  for protecting the patients with
comorbidities from worsening of the underlying disease as well as mortality and
morbidity. The vaccine is also recommended annually for everyone ≥6 months of
age without contraindications. In the 2018-2019 season, vaccines without
adjuvants, inactive influenza vaccines, quadrivalent (IIV4) and trivalent (IIV3) formulations were also
launched. While the trivalent vaccine contains, A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1) pdm09
like virus, A/Singapur/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2) like virus and
B/Colorado/06/2017 like virus (Victoria strain), the quadrivalent vaccine contains one more B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus
(Yamagata strain), which is an influenza B virus, in addition to these three
viruses. The indications, contraindications of the vaccines and the precautions
to be taken are discussed in this article.

Keywords

Influenza, prophylaxy, trivalent vaccine, quadrivalent vaccine

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