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LİTYUM ZEHİRLENMESİNDE EKSTRAKORPOREAL TEDAVİ: 10 YILLIK KLİNİK TECRÜBE

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 136 - 143, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1021474

Abstract

Amaç: Lityum zehirlenmesinde hemodiyaliz tedavisini öngörmede kullanılabilecek faktörleri belirlemeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: 01 Ocak 2010 ile 31 Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında acil servise başvuran ve lityum zehirlenmesi tanısı alan 111 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların sosyodemografik özellikleri, vital bulguları, başvuru anında Glasgow Koma Skalası skoru, laboratuvar sonuçları, lityum içeren ilacı kullanma amacı, kullanılan diğer ilaçlar, bulantı, kusma, halsizlik, lityumla ilişkili nörolojik semptomlar, diyare, tedavi şekli ve hastanede kalış süresileri kayıt altına alındı. Tek ve çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon modeli kullanılarak hemodiyaliz tedavisi için risk faktörleri incelendi.
Bulgular: Lityum zehirlenmesi olan hastalarda en sık görülen semptom halsizlik (%81.1) olup en sık görülen nörolojik semptom tremordu (%73). Yirmi iki hastanın hemodiyaliz tedavisine alındığı tespit edildi. Hemodiyalize alınan tüm hastaların en az bir nörolojik semptomu vardı. Çalışmaya alınan 111 hastanın serum lityum düzeylerinin ortalaması 2.24±0.88 mmol/L, ölçülen en yüksek serum lityum düzeyi 6.30 mmol/L olarak saptandı. Uygulanan tedaviler, lityum alım nedenleri açısından karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel anlamlı fark tespit edildi (p=0.006). Hemodiyaliz tedavisi uygulanan hastaların çoğu (n=17; %77.3) önerilen lityum tedavi dozu üzerinde yüksek doz ilaç içen hastalardan oluşmaktadır.
Sonuç: Acil servise başvuran zehirlenme olguları içinde az görülen lityum zehirlenmesinin tedavisinde ekstrakorporeal tedavinin öngörücü faktörleri olarak yeni gelişen EKG değişikliği ve GKS skorunda gerililik saptanmıştır. Lityum zehirlenmesi yönetiminde özellikle EKG değişikliği, bilinç değişikliği ve nörolojik değişikliği olan hastaların başvuru anında ciddi serum düzey yüksekliği olmasa bile tedavide ekstrakorporeal tedavinin kullanımı düşünülmelidir.

Thanks

Çalışmanın istatistiksel analizleri Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Halk Sağlığı AD. öğretim üyesi Doç. Dr. Özlem Terzi tarafından kontrol edilmiştir. Yazarlar olarak çalışmamıza destekleri için teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • 1. Bauer M, Grof P, Muller-Oerlinghausen B. Lithium in Neuropsychiatry: The Comprehensive Guide. 1st ed. London. Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press, 2013. eBook ISBN:9780429228476.
  • 2. Kishore BK, Ecelbarger CM. Lithium: a versatile tool for understanding renal physiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2013;304(9):F1139-49.
  • 3. Ott M, Stegmayr B, Salander Renberg E, Werneke U. Lithium intoxication: incidence, clinical course and renal function–a population-based retrospective cohort study. J Psychopharmacol. 2016;30(10):1008-19.
  • 4. Mohandas E, Rajmohan V. Lithium use in special populations. Indian J Psychiatry. 2007;49(3):211-8.
  • 5. Grandjeani EM, Aubry JM. Lithium: Updated human knowledge using an evidence-based approach. CNS drugs. 2009;23(3):225-240.
  • 6. Aydın G, Alparslan M, Gençay İ. Lityum intoksikasyonu: tek ilaç-üç komplikasyon. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;21(2):273-5.
  • 7. NettoI, Phutane VH. Reversible lithium neurotoxicity: review of the literature. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2012;14(1):PCC.11r01197.
  • 8. Hedya SA, Avula A, Swoboda HD. Lithium toxicity. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Accessed Date: 24 Dec 2021: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499992/.
  • 9. Lavonas EJ, Buchanan J. Hemodialysis for lithium poisoning. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(9):CD007951.
  • 10. Vodovar D, Beaune S, Langrand J, Vicaut E, Labat L, Mégarbane B. Assessment of extracorporeal treatments in poisoning criteria for the decision of extracorporeal toxin removal in lithium poisoning. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020;86(3):560-8.
  • 11. ChanB, Cheng S, Isoardi KZ, Chiew A, Siu E, Shulruf B et al. Effect of age on the severity of chronic lithium poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2020;58(11):1023-7.
  • 12. Menegueti MG, Basile-Filho A, Martins-Filho OA, Auxiliadora-Martins M. Severe arrhythmia after lithium intoxication in a patient with bipolar disorder admitted to the intensive care unit. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2012;16(2):109-11.
  • 13. Timmer RT, Sands JM. Lithium intoxication. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10(3):666-74.
  • 14. Baird-Gunning J, Lea-Henry T, Hoegberg LC, Gosselin S, Roberts DM. Lithium poisoning. Intensive Care Med. 2017;32(4):249-63.
  • 15. Buckley NA, Cheng S, Isoardi K, Chiew AL, Siu W, Vecellio E et al. Haemodialysis for lithium poisoning: Translating EXTRIP recommendations into practical guidelines. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020;86(5):999-1006.

Extracorporeal Treatment in Lithium Poisoning: 10 Years of Clinical Experience

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 136 - 143, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1021474

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to determine the factors that can be used to predict hemodialysis treatment in lithium poisoning.
Material and Methods: The data of 111 patients diagnosed with lithium poisoning who applied to the emergency department between January 01, 2010 and December 31, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, vital signs, Glasgow Coma Scale score at the time of admission, laboratory results, purpose of using lithium-containing drug, other drugs, nausea, vomiting, lithium-related neurologic symptoms, diarrhea, type of treatment and length of hospital stay were recorded in the patient study form. Risk factors for hemodialysis treatment were analyzed using a univariate and multivariate logistic regression model.
Results: The most common symptom in patients with lithium poisoning was fatigue (81.1%), and the most common neurological symptom was tremor (73%). It was determined that 22 patients received hemodialysis. All of the patients receiving hemodialysis treatment had at least one neurological symptom. The mean serum lithium level of the 111 patients included in the study was 2.24±0.88 mmol/L, and the highest serum lithium level measured was 6.30 mmol/L. When the treatments applied were compared in terms of the causes of lithium intake, a statistically significant difference was found (p=0.006). Most of the patients who received hemodialysis treatment (n=17; 77.3%) consisted of patients who took high-dose medication over the recommended lithium treatment dose.
Conclusion: Newly developed ECG changes and regression in GCS scores were found to be predictive factors of extracorporeal therapy in the treatment of lithium poisoning, which is rare among poisoning cases admitted to the emergency department. In the management of lithium intoxication, the use of extracorporeal therapy should be considered, even if there is no severe serum level elevation at the time of admission, especially in patients with ECG changes, changes in consciousness and neurological changes.

References

  • 1. Bauer M, Grof P, Muller-Oerlinghausen B. Lithium in Neuropsychiatry: The Comprehensive Guide. 1st ed. London. Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press, 2013. eBook ISBN:9780429228476.
  • 2. Kishore BK, Ecelbarger CM. Lithium: a versatile tool for understanding renal physiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2013;304(9):F1139-49.
  • 3. Ott M, Stegmayr B, Salander Renberg E, Werneke U. Lithium intoxication: incidence, clinical course and renal function–a population-based retrospective cohort study. J Psychopharmacol. 2016;30(10):1008-19.
  • 4. Mohandas E, Rajmohan V. Lithium use in special populations. Indian J Psychiatry. 2007;49(3):211-8.
  • 5. Grandjeani EM, Aubry JM. Lithium: Updated human knowledge using an evidence-based approach. CNS drugs. 2009;23(3):225-240.
  • 6. Aydın G, Alparslan M, Gençay İ. Lityum intoksikasyonu: tek ilaç-üç komplikasyon. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;21(2):273-5.
  • 7. NettoI, Phutane VH. Reversible lithium neurotoxicity: review of the literature. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2012;14(1):PCC.11r01197.
  • 8. Hedya SA, Avula A, Swoboda HD. Lithium toxicity. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Accessed Date: 24 Dec 2021: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499992/.
  • 9. Lavonas EJ, Buchanan J. Hemodialysis for lithium poisoning. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(9):CD007951.
  • 10. Vodovar D, Beaune S, Langrand J, Vicaut E, Labat L, Mégarbane B. Assessment of extracorporeal treatments in poisoning criteria for the decision of extracorporeal toxin removal in lithium poisoning. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020;86(3):560-8.
  • 11. ChanB, Cheng S, Isoardi KZ, Chiew A, Siu E, Shulruf B et al. Effect of age on the severity of chronic lithium poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2020;58(11):1023-7.
  • 12. Menegueti MG, Basile-Filho A, Martins-Filho OA, Auxiliadora-Martins M. Severe arrhythmia after lithium intoxication in a patient with bipolar disorder admitted to the intensive care unit. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2012;16(2):109-11.
  • 13. Timmer RT, Sands JM. Lithium intoxication. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10(3):666-74.
  • 14. Baird-Gunning J, Lea-Henry T, Hoegberg LC, Gosselin S, Roberts DM. Lithium poisoning. Intensive Care Med. 2017;32(4):249-63.
  • 15. Buckley NA, Cheng S, Isoardi K, Chiew AL, Siu W, Vecellio E et al. Haemodialysis for lithium poisoning: Translating EXTRIP recommendations into practical guidelines. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020;86(5):999-1006.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatih Çalışkan 0000-0001-7786-3929

Orhan Utku Türker 0000-0002-2581-1577

Celal Katı 0000-0002-1201-7059

Publication Date April 30, 2022
Submission Date December 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 24 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çalışkan, F., Türker, O. U., & Katı, C. (2022). LİTYUM ZEHİRLENMESİNDE EKSTRAKORPOREAL TEDAVİ: 10 YILLIK KLİNİK TECRÜBE. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, 24(1), 136-143. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1021474
AMA Çalışkan F, Türker OU, Katı C. LİTYUM ZEHİRLENMESİNDE EKSTRAKORPOREAL TEDAVİ: 10 YILLIK KLİNİK TECRÜBE. Kırıkkale Uni Med J. April 2022;24(1):136-143. doi:10.24938/kutfd.1021474
Chicago Çalışkan, Fatih, Orhan Utku Türker, and Celal Katı. “LİTYUM ZEHİRLENMESİNDE EKSTRAKORPOREAL TEDAVİ: 10 YILLIK KLİNİK TECRÜBE”. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine 24, no. 1 (April 2022): 136-43. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1021474.
EndNote Çalışkan F, Türker OU, Katı C (April 1, 2022) LİTYUM ZEHİRLENMESİNDE EKSTRAKORPOREAL TEDAVİ: 10 YILLIK KLİNİK TECRÜBE. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine 24 1 136–143.
IEEE F. Çalışkan, O. U. Türker, and C. Katı, “LİTYUM ZEHİRLENMESİNDE EKSTRAKORPOREAL TEDAVİ: 10 YILLIK KLİNİK TECRÜBE”, Kırıkkale Uni Med J, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 136–143, 2022, doi: 10.24938/kutfd.1021474.
ISNAD Çalışkan, Fatih et al. “LİTYUM ZEHİRLENMESİNDE EKSTRAKORPOREAL TEDAVİ: 10 YILLIK KLİNİK TECRÜBE”. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine 24/1 (April 2022), 136-143. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1021474.
JAMA Çalışkan F, Türker OU, Katı C. LİTYUM ZEHİRLENMESİNDE EKSTRAKORPOREAL TEDAVİ: 10 YILLIK KLİNİK TECRÜBE. Kırıkkale Uni Med J. 2022;24:136–143.
MLA Çalışkan, Fatih et al. “LİTYUM ZEHİRLENMESİNDE EKSTRAKORPOREAL TEDAVİ: 10 YILLIK KLİNİK TECRÜBE”. The Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, vol. 24, no. 1, 2022, pp. 136-43, doi:10.24938/kutfd.1021474.
Vancouver Çalışkan F, Türker OU, Katı C. LİTYUM ZEHİRLENMESİNDE EKSTRAKORPOREAL TEDAVİ: 10 YILLIK KLİNİK TECRÜBE. Kırıkkale Uni Med J. 2022;24(1):136-43.

This Journal is a Publication of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine.