Investıgation of the Antimicrobial Effects of Some Medicinal Plants Growing in Kırıkkale

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 403 - 408, 31.08.2022

Eftal Böke , Birgül Kaçmaz , Ümit Yırtıcı , Aysun Ergene

https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1126682

Abstract

Objective: Plants are natural producers of chemical compounds, many of which are used to protect our health, fight disease and are marketed as a food or herbal medicines. In our study, 18 plant extracts obtained from 3 medicinal plant species, namely Nigella sativa, Cuminum cuminum, and Pimpinella anisum grown in Kırıkkale province with 3 solvents of different polarity by using maceration and soxhlet methods, were analyzed for two gram-positive, two gram-negative bacteria as well as one yeast species. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect by the disc diffusion method.

Material and Methods: Antimicrobial effects of plant extracts obtained with organic solvents with different polarities such as hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol using maceration and soxhlet methods from dried plant samples were determined using the disc diffusion method. Tukey's test determined differences between tested groups at the α=0.05 level after a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results: It was determined that 11 of the 18 plant extracts obtained with 3 different solvents had antibacterial effects on gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species. No effect was observed against C. albicans. It was determined that Nigella sativa had the highest effect on S. aureus among the plants.

Conclusion: It was determined that the plant extracts prepared using different methods and different solvents from the plants grown in Kırıkkale geography have antimicrobial activity. These plants can be a source for chemotherapeutics to be synthesized.

Keywords

Nigellla sativa, Cuminum cuminum, Pimpinella anisum, antimicrobial effect

KIRIKKALE İLİNDE YETİŞEN BAZI TIBBİ BİTKİLERİN ANTİMİKROBİYAL ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Amaç: Bitkiler, kimyasal bileşiklerin doğal üreticileri olup birçoğu sağlığımızı korumak ve hastalıklarla savaşmak için kullanılıp, gıda veya bitkisel ilaçlar olarak pazarlanmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, Kırıkkale ilinde yetiştirilen 3 tıbbi bitki türünden Nigellla sativa (çörek otu), Cuminum cuminum (kimyon) ve Pimpinella anisum (anason)’un maserasyon ve soxlet yöntemleri kullanılarak polariteleri farklı olan 3 çözücü ile elde edilen 18 bitki özütünün iki Gram pozitif, iki Gram negatif ve bir maya türüne karşı disk difüzyon yöntemi ile antimikrobiyal etkisi araştırılması amaçlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kurutulan bitki örneklerinden, maserasyon ve soksalet yöntemleri kullanılarak hekzan, diklorometan ve metanol gibi farklı polaritelere sahip organik çözücüler ile bitki özütleri elde edilerek disk difüzyon yöntemi ile antimikrobiyal etkileri saptandı. Test edilen gruplar arasındaki farklar, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) sonrası α=0.05 seviyesinde Tukey testi ile belirlendi.

Bulgular: Üç farklı çözücü ile elde edilen 18 bitki özütünün, 11 tanesinin Gram-pozitif ve Gram-negatif bakteri türlerine antibakteriyel etki gösterdikleri saptandı. C. albicans’a karşı etki gözlenmemiştir. Bitkiler içinde Nigella sativa’nın (çörek otu) S. aureus’a karşı en yüksek etkiye sahip olduğu tesbit edildi.

Sonuç: Kırıkkale coğrafyasında yetiştirilen bitkilerden farklı yöntem ve farklı çözücüler kullanılarak hazırlanan bitki özütlerinin antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu belirlendi. Bu bitkiler sentezlenecek olan kemoterapötiklere kaynak olabilir.

Keywords

Nigellla sativa, Cuminum cuminum, Pimpinella anisum, antimikrobiyal etki

References

• 1. Bahmani M, Khaksarian M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Naser Abbasi N. Overview of the therapeutic effects of Origanum vulgare and Hypericum perforatum based on Iran’s ethnopharmacological documents. J. Clin. Diagn. 2018;12(7):1-4.
• 2. Uysal A, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF, Picot-Allain P, Jekő J, Cziáky Z et al. A comparative study on biological properties and chemical profiles of different solvent extracts from Centaurea bingoelensis, an endemic plant of Turkey. Process Biochem. 2021;102:315-24.
• 3. Abdallah EM. Black seed (Nigella sativa) as antimicrobial drug: A mini-review. Nov Appro Drug Des Dev. 2017;3(2):1-4.
• 4. Rudra PS, Gangadharappa HV, Mruthunjaya K. Cuminum cyminum – A popular spice: an updated review. Pharmacogn J. 2017;9(3):292-301.
• 5. Amer MA, Aly UI. Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Egypt Pharm J. 2019;18(1):68-73.
• 6. Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility Testing eighteenth informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S18. 2008;28(1):46-52.
• 7. Topcagic A, Sanja Cavar Zeljkovic SC, Karalija E, Galijasevic S, Sofic E. Evaluation of phenolic profile, enzyme inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of Nigella sativa L. seed extracts. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2017;17(4):286-94.
• 8. Singh N, Yadav SS, Kumar S, Narashiman B. A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical research of dietary spice Cuminum cyminum L. Phytother Res. 2021;35(9):5007-30.
• 9. Singh S, Das SS, Singh G, Carola Schuff C, Lampasona MP, Catalán CAN. Composition, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and oleoresins obtained from black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa L.). Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:918209.
• 10. Chenab Q, Gana Z, Zhao J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Li J et al. In vitro comparison of antioxidant capacity of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) oils and their main components. Lwt-Food Sci Technol. 2014;55(2):632-7.
• 11. Shojaii A, Fard MA. Review of pharmacological properties and chemical constituents of Pimpinella anisum. ISRN Pharm. 2012;2012:510795.
• 12. Belal AA, Ahmed FB, Ali LI. Antibacterial activity of Cuminum cyminum L. Oil on six types of bacteria. AJBIO. 2017;5(4):70-3.
• 13. Tunon H, Olavsdotter C, Bohlin L. Evaluation of antiinflammatory activity of some Swedish medicinal plants. Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis and PAF-induced exocytosis. J Ethnopharmacol. 1995;48(2):61-76.
• 14. Brown DG, May-Dracka TL, Gagnon MM, Tommasi R. Trends and exceptions of physical properties on antibacterial activity for gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. J Med Chem. 2014;57(23):10144-61.
• 15. Yirtici U, Ergene A, Atalar MN, Adem S. Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, antimicrobial effects, and molecular docking studies of Centaurea sivasica. South Afr J Bot. 2022;144:58-71.