Effects of Yucca Schidigera To Diet of Dairy Cows on Blood Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance, Biochemical Parameters, and Milk Quality

Abstract

In recent years, use of plant bioactive compounds such as saponins in animal nutrition has been of increasing interest, particularly in Europe because of the EU ban on use of growth promoting antibiotics, including ionophores, in livestock production. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of Yucca schidigera powder (YS), containing steroidal saponins, supplementation to diets of lactating dairy cows on oxidant-antioxidant balance in the blood and, concentrations of urea nitrogen and malondialdehyde in milk. In the study, 10 Holstein cows in the mid lactation, with an average milk yield of 20.7 kg (±3.1 kg)/day and a live weight of 552 kg (±30 kg), were used. The blood and milk samples were taken from all animals fed the same diet at 2 h after feeding. After that, YS was added at the rate of 1500 mg/kg DM to the concentrate mixture of the same animals. All animals were fed the concentrate mixture with YS for 15 days and the blood and milk samples were taken at 15th d of feeding with YS and 2 h after feeding. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin A, β-carotene, ammonium nitrogen and antioxidant activity (AOA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were determined in the blood. The levels of MDA and urea nitrogen, and milk quality parameters were measured in the milk. In statistical analysis, paired t-test method was used in SPSS computer program to compare the levels between before feeding with YS and after feeding with YS in the same animals. The concentrations of MDA and ammonium nitrogen were lower (p< 0.05), the levels of GSH and β-carotene were higher (p< 0.05) after feeding with YS than that before feeding with YS in the blood of cows. In the milk of cows, the concentrations of MDA and urea nitrogen were lower (p< 0.05) and the rate of fat % was higher (p< 0.05) after feeding with YS than that before feeding with YS. Those results are the first results showing that the YS decreased the lipid peroxidation and urea nitrogen concentration in the milk of dairy cows. The results indicate that YS may have a potential for use as a natural antioxidant source in dairy cow nutrition and contribute to the protection of their health.

Keywords

• Antioxidants
• Saponins
• Milk Quality
• Dairy Cows
• Yucca Schidigera

Sütçü Sığırlarda Yeme Yucca Schidigera İlavesinin Kan Oksidan-Antioksidan Denge, Bazı Biyokimyasal Parametreler ve Süt Kalitesine Etkisi

Abstract

Hayvan beslemede verim artırıcı ve büyümeyi teşvik edici olarak kullanılan ionofor grubu antibiyotikler başta olmak üzere birçok kimyasal katkı maddesi Avrupa’da yasaklanmıştır. Son yıllarda bu maddelerin yerine bitkilerden elde edilen saponinler gibi biyolojik aktif ürünler kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı steroidal saponin içeren Yucca schidigera (YS) bitki tozunun sütçü sığırlarda kan oksidan-antioksidan denge ve sütte malondialdehit, üre-N ile süt kalitesi üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir. Çalışmada ortalama süt verimi 20,7 kg ± 3,1 kg/gün ve canlı ağırlıkları 552 kg ± 30 kg olan 10 adet Holştayn inek kullanıldı. Çalışmanın başlangıcında ve 15 günün sonunda (15 gün boyunca rasyonlarına 1500 pp Yucca schidigera ilave edildi) bu hayvanlardan sabah yemlemesinden öncesi ve 2 saat sonrasında kan ve süt örnekleri alındı. Kanda malondialdehit (MDA), antioksidan aktivite (AOA), redükte glutatyon (GSH), süperoksid dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT), A vitamini, beta karoten, amonyak tayini ve süt örneklerinde MDA, üre-N ile süt kalite parametreleri ölçüldü. İstatistik analizler için SPSS paket programı, verilerin değerlendirilmesinde paired-t testi uygulandı. Yemleme öncesi ve sonrasında kanda MDA ve amonyak düzeyleri düşük bulundu (p < 0,05), yemleme öncesi GSH yemleme sonrası GSH ve β-karoten düzeyleri ise yüksek bulundu (p < 0,05). Çalışmada yeme YS ilavesinin süt MDA ve üre azotu düzeylerini düşürdüğü (p ˂ 0.05), süt yağ yüzdesini artırdığı (p ˂ 0.05), diğer parametrelere ise etkisinin olmadığı bulundu. Bu bulgular YS ilavesinin sütte MDA ve üre azotu düzeylerini düşürdüğünü gösteren ilk çalışmadır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada elde edilen bulgular, süt ineklerinin rasyonlarına doğal bir antioksidan olarak YS ilavesinin kanda antioksidan savunmayı güçlendirebileceği ve süt kalitesinin artmasında olumlu bir etkisinin olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Antioksidanlar
• Saponinler
• Süt Kalitesi
• Sütçü Sığır
• Yucca Schidigera

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