Kızılırmak Nehri’nden Alınan Su ve Sediment Örneklerinde Kalıcı Organik Kirleticilerin Tespiti

Year 2019, , 430 - 436, 31.12.2019

Özgür Kuzukıran , Ayhan Filazi , Pınar Arslan , Begüm Yurdakök-dikmen Ülkü Nihan Yazgan Tavşanoğlu

https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.625858

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Yasaklanmalarının
üzerinden onlarca yıl geçmesine rağmen kalıcılıkları nedeniyle hala doğada
bulunabilen Kalıcı organik kirleticiler (KOK)’den organik klorlu pestisit
(OCP), polibromlu difenileter (PBDE) ve poliklorlu bifenil (PCB)’ler sedimentte
birikerek çevre ve iklim koşullarına bağlı olarak suya geri salınmaktadırlar.
Kızılırmak Nehri ise İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nden doğarak Karadeniz’e dökülen on
ilin sınırları içinden geçen Türkiye’nin en uzun nehridir. Kızılırmak Nehri’nin
Kırıkkale sınırları içindeki bölümü üzerinde organize sanayi bölgesi,
petrokimya ve silah tesisleri bulunmakta, şehrin kanalizasyon deşarjı da nehre
yapılmaktadır. Bu nedenle suda bulunan ve sedimentte birikmiş olan KOK’ların
miktarı nehrin suyunun kullanıldığı bölgeler için önem taşımaktadır. Bu
çalışmada Haziran 2018 ile Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasındaki 1 yıl boyunca
toplanan 60 sediment ve 60 su örneğinde 9 OCP (α, β, γ-hekzaklorosiklohekzan,
hekzaklorobenzen, heptaklor, 4,4’-diklorodifenil dikloroetan- 4,4’-DDE,
4,4’-diklorodifenil dikloroetilen- 4,4’-DDD, 2,4’-diklorodifenil trikloroetan-
2,4’-DDT, 4,4’-diklorodifenil trikloroetan- 4,4’-DDT), 7 PCB (28, 52, 101, 118,
138, 153, 180) ve 6 PBDE (17, 47, 66, 100, 153, 183) olmak üzere toplam 22
KOK’un miktarına bakılarak varsa mevsimsel değişikliklerin ortaya konulması
amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda en sık tespit edilen KOK’un
4,4’-DDE, kalıntı konsantrasyonunun en yüksek olduğu ayın ise Ağustos olduğu
belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Kalıcı organik kirletici, PBDE, PCB, Organik klorlu pestisitler, Kızılırmak Nehri

Determination of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Water and Sediment Samples from Kızılırmak River

Abstract

The organic
chlorinated pesticide (OCP), polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE) and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which can be found in nature due to their
persistence even decades after their prohibition, are deposited in sediment and
released back to water depending on environmental and climatic conditions.
Kızılırmak, the longest river of Turkey, passes through ten provinces and flows
from the Central Anatolia to the Black Sea. There is an organized industrial
zone, petrochemical and weapon facilities on 
Kızılırmak River within Kırıkkale border and the city’s sewage is
discharged into the river. Therefore, the amount of persistent organic
pollutants (POPs) present in water and deposited in sediment is important for
the areas where river water is used. In this study, it was aimed to determine
the seasonal changes, if any, by evaluating the total amount of 22 POPs; 9 OCPs
(α, β, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor,
4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane-4,4'-DDE, 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene-4,4'-DDD,
2,4'- dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane-2,4'-DDT, 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl
trichloroethane-4,4'-DDT), 7 PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) and 6 PBDEs
(17, 47, 66, 100, 153, 183) in 60 sediment and 60 water samples collected for 1
year between June 2018 and May 2019. The most frequently detected POP was
4,4'-DDE and the highest residue concentration was in August.

Keywords

Persistent organic pollutants, PBDE, PCB, Organochlorine pesticides, Kizilirmak River

References

• Aguilar A. Relationship of DDE/ΣDDT in marine mammals to the chronology of DDT input into the ecosystem. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 1984; 41(6): 840-844.
• Carpenter DO. Health effects of persistent organic pollutants: the challenge for the Pacific Basin and for the world. Reviews on Environmental Health. 2011; 26(1): 61-9.
• GoogleMaps https://www.google.com/maps/@39.8397519,33.4605956,12.25z (19.08.2019).
• Kelly BC, Ikonomou MG, Blair JD, Morin AE, Gobas FAPC. Food web-specific biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants. Science. 2007; 317(5835): 236-239.
• Kuzukiran O, Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Sevin S, Sireli UT, Iplikcioglu-Cil G, Filazi A. Determination of selected endocrine disruptors in organic, free-range, and battery-produced hen eggs and risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018; 25(35): 35376-35386.
• Kuzukiran O, Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Totan FE, Celik C, Orhan EC, Bilir EK, Kara E, Filazi A. Analytical method development and validation for some persistent organic pollutants in water and sediments by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. International Journal of Environmental Research. 2016; 10(3): 401-410.
• Magnusson B, Ornemark U. Eurachem guide: The Fitness for Purpose of Analytical Methods-a Laboratory Guide to Method Validation and Related Topics. 2nd ed. Eurachem; 2014. p. 57. Malik A, Ojha P, Singh KP. Levels and distribution of persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in water and sediments of Gomti River (India)-a tributary of the Ganges River. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2009; 148(1-4): 421-435.
• Meharg AA, Wright J, Leeks GJL, Wass PD, Owens PN, Walling DE, Osborn D. PCB congener dynamics in a heavily industrialized river catchment. Science of the total environment. 2003; 314: 439-450.
• Noël M, Loseto LL, Stern G. Legacy contaminants in the eastern Beaufort Sea beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas): are temporal trends reflecting regulations?. Arctic Science. 2018; 4(3): 373-387.
• R Core Team (2014). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org/
• Ren X, Zeng G, Tang L, Wang J, Wan J, Liu Y, Yu J, Yi H, Ye S, Deng R. Sorption, transport and biodegradation–an insight into bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants in soil. Science of the Total Environment. 2018; 610: 1154-1163.
• Sousa JC, Ribeiro AR, Barbosa MO, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT. A review on environmental monitoring of water organic pollutants identified by EU guidelines. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2018; 344: 146-162.
• Sun P, Backus S, Blanchard P, Hites RA. Temporal and spatial trends of organochlorine pes-ticides in Great Lakes precipitation. Environmental Science and Technology. 2006; 40: 2135-2141.
• WHO. https://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/chemical-risks/pops/en/; Accessien date: 22.09.2019.
• You H, Ding J, Zhao XS, Li YF, Liu LY, Ma WL, Qi H, Shen, JM. Spatial and seasonal variation of polychlorinated biphenyls in Songhua River, China. Environmental geochemistry and health. 2011; 33(3): 291-299.