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A Serological Investigation of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis Virus (EBLV) Infection in Cattle in Afyonkarahisar Province

Year 2013, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 33 - 40, 01.03.2013
https://doi.org/10.5578/kvj.5521

Abstract

Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV) is a worldwide disseminated Retroviral infection. In this study, Enzootic form was investigated in Afyonkarahisar province. For this purpose, total of 6.631 adult cattle was sampled from both central and 17 borough. The collected 2.275 samples from small scale enterprices in Sinanpaşa, Sandıklı, Şuhut, Dinar, Çobanlar, Evciler, Hocalar, Sultandağı, Dazkırı, Bayat and Kızılören were found to be negative with ELISA. Positivity determined locations were İhsaniye (6/158, 3.79%), Bolvadin (5/367, 1.36%), Emirdağ (9/258, 3.48%), Başmakçı (2/242, 0.82%), İscehisar (2/177, 1.12%) and Çay (1/214, 0.46%). In addition, 3 big scale organised dairy herds were investigated. Out of 1.915 samples, 985 (51.43%) was determined as positive while 2 herds were negative, while in an only one, 60% positivity was detected. As according to test result, out of tested 6.631 samples, 1.025 (15.45%) was found to be BLV positive. It was concluded that, infection proportions were relatively low or absent in small scale family type farms but incidens could be quite high in intensive breeding due to ignored transmission ways like close contact for a long time, feeding of the calves with infected milk, injections and vaccination applies with same tools

References

  • Agresti A, Ponti W, Rocchi M, Meneveri R, Marozzi A, Cavalleri D, Peri E, Poli G, Ginelli E. 1993. Use of polymerase chain reaction to diagnose bovine leukemia virus infection in calves. Am J Vet Res, 54: 373-378.
  • Akça Y, Alkan F, Bilge S, Karaoğlu T, Özkul A, Burgu İ, Kaaden OR. 1996. Süt sığırlarının süt ve kan serumlarında enzootik sığır löykozuna (EBL) karşı antikor varlığının enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ve agar jel immundifuzyon (AGID) testi ile araştırılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 43: 53Batmaz H, Çarlı KT, Kahraman M, Çetin C, Kennerman E. 1995. Serological and haemotological diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis in cattle in Turkey. Vet Rec, 136: 42
  • Batmaz H, Çarlı KT, Şen A, Kennerman E, Minbay A, Yılmaz Z, Caner V, Baklacı C. 19 Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde Enzootik Bovine Leukosis’in Prevalansı ve Bazı BakımYetiştirme koşullarının incelenmesi. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 23: 261-268. Bendixen HJ. 1965. Bovine enzootic leucosis. Adv Vet Sci, 10: 129-134.
  • Beyer J, Köllner B, Teifke JP, Starick E, Beier D, Reimann I, Grunwald U, Ziller M. 2002. Cattle infected with bovine leukaemia virus may not only develop persistens B-cell lymphocytosis but also persistent B-cell lymphopenia. J Vet Med B, 49: 270-277.
  • Bielanski A, Maxwell P, Simard C. 2000. Effect of bovine leukaemia virus on embryonic development and association with in vitro fertilised embryos. Vet Rec, 26: 255-256.
  • Braun U, Hauser B, Meyer S, Feller B. 2007. Cattle with lymphoma and haematoma of the ventral neck: A comparision of findings. Vet J, 174: 344-350.
  • Brenner J, Van Haam M, Savir D, Trainin Z. 19 The implication of BLV infection in the productivity, productive capasity and survival rate of dairy cow. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 3: 299-305. Burgu İ, Alkan F, Karaoğlu T, Bilge-Dağalp S, Can-Şahna K, Güngör B, Demir B. 2005. Control and eradication programme of enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) from selected dairy herds in Turkey. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 112: 271-274.
  • Burgu İ, Urman H K, Kaaden O R, Akça Y, Alçığır G, Berkin Ş, Alkan F, Atasever A. 19 Türkiye’de enzootik sığır löykozu’nun seroepidemiyolojisi ve patolojisi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 37: 32-45. Burny A, Bruck C, Chantrenne H, Cleuter Y, Dekegel D, Ghysdael J, Kettmann R, Leclerg M, Leunen J, Mammerickx M, Portetelle D. 1980. Bovine Leukemia Virus: molecular biology and epidemiology. In: Klein G. (Ed.), Viral Oncology. Raven Pres, New York, pp. 231-289.
  • Çabalar M, Voyvoda H, Sekin S. 2001. Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde süt sığırlarında süt sığırlarında enzootik bovine leukozis (EBL)’in seroprevalansı. IV. Uluslararası İç Hastalıkları Kongresi, 04-06 Temmuz 2001, Konya-Türkiye, 2001.
  • D’angelino JL, Garcia M, Girgel EH. 1998. Productive and reproductive performance in cattle infected with bovine-leukosis virus. J Dairy Res, 65: 693-695.
  • Dimmock CK, Rodwell BJ, Chung YS. 1987. Enzootic bovine leukosis. Pathology, Virology and Serology. Australian standart diagnostic techniques for animal disease. No. 49. Australian Agricultural Council.
  • Dubeuil P, Lanevschi A, Perrone MA, Desnoyers M. 1998. Atypical sporadic lymphosarcoma in a 7-month-old Holstein heifer. Can Vet J, 39: 431-433.
  • Dungworth DL, Theilen GH, Lengyel J. 1964. Bovine lymphosarcoma in California. II. The thymic form. Pathol Vet, 1: 323-350.
  • Emanuelssonn U, Scherling K, Pettersson H. 19 Relationships between herd bovine leukemia virus infection status and reproduction, disease incidence, and productivity in Swedish dairy herds. Prev Vet Med, 12, 121-131. Ferrer JF, Piper CE. 1981. Role of colostrum and milk in the natural transmission of bovine leukaemia virus. Cancer Res, 41: 4906-4909.
  • Foil LD, French DD, Hoyt PG, Issel CJ, Leprince DJ, Mcmanus JM, Seger CL, 19 Transmission of bovine leukemia virus by Tabanus fuscicostatus. Am J Vet Res, 50: 1771-1773.
  • Gibson LA. 1995. Testing for enzootic bovine leucosis. Vet Rec, 136: 156.
  • Gür S, Birdane F, Yapıcı O, 2010. A Skin Form case of Sporadic Bovine Leukosis in a Simmental bred Cow. Kocatepe Vet Derg, 3: 47Hakioğlu F. 1962. Karacabey harası sığırlarında löykosis bakımından yapılan hematolojik araştırmalara ait ilk tebliğ. Türk Vet Hek Dern Derg, 186:167-175.
  • Hoff-Jorgensen R. 1989. An international comparison of different laboratory tests for the diagnosis of bovine leukosis: suggestions for international standardization. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 22: 293-297.
  • Holmes LA, Scott PR, Aldridge BM, 1989. Tymic lymphosarcoma with metastases causing spinal cord compression ans pelvic limb pareis in a heifer. Br Vet J, 146, 91-92.
  • Ivany JM, Kersting KW, Thompson JR, 2000. Lymphosarcoma of the pharyngeal region in a 7-infected animals. Int J Cancer, 25: 147-152.
  • İyisan AS, Bitgel A, Özyörük ., 1996. İstanbul ilindeki süt sığırlarında enzootik bovine leukosisin seroepidemiyolojisi. Türkiye Uluslararası Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi, 25-27 Eylül 1996, İstanbul-Türkiye.
  • Johnson R, Kaneene JB, 1992. Bovine Leukemia virus and enzootic Bovine leucosis. Vet Bull, 62: 287-312.
  • Kale M, Öztürk F. 2004. An Investigation of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL) Infections by Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Tests and Haematological Applicants on the Dairy Cows in the Burdur Region. Acta Vet Beograd, 54: 163-173.
  • Klintevall K, Naslund K, Svedlund G, Hajdu L, Linde N, Klingeborn B. 1991. Evaluation of an indirect ELISA fort he detection of antibodies to bevine leukaemia virus in milk and serum. J Virol Methods, 3: 319-333.
  • Meas S, Seto J, Sugimoto C, Bakhsh M, Riaz M, Sato T, Naeem K, Ohashi K, Onuma M. 2000. Infection of bovine immunodeficiency virus and bovine leukemia virus in water buffalo and cattle population in Pakistan. J Vet Med Sci, 62: 329-331.
  • Miller JM, Van Der Maaten MJ. 1977. Use of glycoprotein antigen in the immunodiffusion test for bovine leukosis virus antibodies. Eur J Cancer, 13: 1369-1375.
  • Molloy JB, Walker PJ, Baldock FC, Rodwell BJ, Cowley JA. 1990. An enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Bovine leukemia virus p24 antibody in cattle. J Vir Methods, 28: 47-57.
  • Ohsima K, Okada K, Numakunai S. 1980. Pathological studies on juvenile Bovine leucosis. Jpn J Vet Sci, 42: 659-671.
  • Otlu S, Aydın F, Genç O, Güler MA, Gökçe G. 200 Kars yöresi sığırlarında bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infeksiyonu üzerinde serolojik ve hematolojik araştırmalar. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 25, 105-110. Ott SL, Johnson R, Wells SJ. 2003. Association between bovine leukosis virus seroprevalence and herd level productivity on US dairy farms. Prev Vet Med, 61: 249-262.
  • Özgünlük İ, Yıldırım Y, Alkan F. 2005. Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi (GAP) kapsamındaki bölgede halk elinde yetiştirilen sığırlarda Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) enfeksiyonunun seroprevalansı. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 52: 109-112.
  • Parodi A L, DaCosta B, Djilali S, Michel B, Alogninouwa T, Femenia F, Crespeau F, Fontaine JJ, Thibier M. 1989. Preliminary report of familial thymic lymphosarcoma in Holstein calves. Vet Rec, 125: 350-353.
  • Reinhardt G, Hochstein-Mintzel V, Riedemann S, Leal H, Niedda M. 1988. Estudio serologico de Leucosis Enzootica Bovina en un predio de la provinica de Valdivia y su relacio a parametros productivos y reproductivos. J Vet Med B, 35, 178-185.
  • Sagata N, Yasunaga T, Tsuzuku-Kawamura J, Ohishi K, Ogawa Y, Ikawa Y. 1985. Complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of Bovine leukemia virus: its evolutionary relationship to other retroviruses. Proc Nat Acad Sci, 82: 677-681.
  • Sargeant JM, Kelton DF, Martin SW, Mann ED. 19 Associations between farm management practices, productivity, and bovine leukemia virus infection in Ontario dairy herds. Prev Vet Med, 31, 211-221. Sparling AM. 2000. An unusual presentation of enzootic bovine leucosis. Can Vet J, 41: 3153
  • Tan MT, Yıldırım Y, Erol N, Güngör AB. 2006. The seroprevalance of Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) and Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) in Selected Dairy Herds in Aydın Province, Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 30: 323-3
  • Ungar-Waron H, Brenner J, Paz R, Trainin Z. 19 γδ-T lymphocytes and anti-heat shock protein reactivity in BLV-infected cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 51: 79-87. Ungar-Waron H, Paz R, Brenner J, Yacobson B, Partosh N, Trainin Z. 1999. Experimental infection of calves with bovine leukemia virus (BLV): an applicable model of a retroviral infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol,67: 195-20
  • Usui T, Meas S, Konnai S, Ohashi K, Onuma M. 200 Seroprevalance of bovine immunodeficiency virus and bovine leukemia virus in dairy and beef cattle in Hokkaido. J Vet Med Sci, 65, 287-289. Uysal A, YIlmaz H, Bilal T, Berriatua E, Bakirel U, Arslan M, Zerin M, Tan H. 1998. Seroprevalace of enzootic bovine leukosis in Trakya district (Marmara Region) in Turkey. Prev Vet Med, 37: 121-128.
  • Van Der Maaten MJ, Miller JM. 1990. Bovine leucosis virus. In: Dinter Z, Morein B (eds): Virus infections of ruminants, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 419-429.
  • Willems L, Kettmann R. 2002. Deltaretrovirus. 1014-1019. In: Tidone CA, Darai G (eds): The Springer Index of Viruses, Springer, Berlin, 200
  • Yavru S, Kale M, Ata A, Yapkıç O, Bulut O, Gulay MS. 2007. Effects of subclinical bovine leukemia virus infection on fertility of Holstein cows and heifers. Medycyna Wet, 63: 667-6
  • Yavru S, Kale M, Şimşek A, Bulut O, Gülay MŞ. 200 Konya Bölgesinde İleri Gebelik Döneminde Bulunan ve Gebe Olmayan Süt Sığırlarında Enzootik Bovine Löykozis (EBL) Enfeksiyonunun Araştırılması. VII. Ulusal Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi (Uluslar arası), 26-28 Eylül 2006, Antalya-Türkiye.
  • Yıldırım Y, Yılmaz V, Otlu S, Şahin M. 2008. Kars yöresindeki Kültür Irkı Sığırlarda Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Enfeksiyonunun Seroprevalansı. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 14: 99-103.
  • Yıldırım Y. 2003. Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesindeki Sığırlarda Mavidil (BT), IBR, PI-3, EBL ve BVD Enfeksiyonlarının Seroprevalansı. Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi.
  • Zaghawa A, Beier D, El-Rahim IHA, El-Ballal S, Karim I, Conraths FJ, Marquardt O. 200 An outbreak of enzootic bovine leukosis in Upper Egypt: Clinical, laboratory and molecular-epidemiological studies. J Vet Med B, 49: 123-129.

Afyonkarahisar İlinde Sığırlarda Enzootik Bovine Löykoz Virus (EBLV) Enfeksiyonunun Araştırılması

Year 2013, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 33 - 40, 01.03.2013
https://doi.org/10.5578/kvj.5521

Abstract

Bovine Löykoz Virus (BLV) tüm dünyada yaygın bir Retroviral enfeksiyondur. Bu çalışmada, Afyonkarahisar ilinde enzootik form araştırıldı. Bu amaçla merkezden ve 17 ilçeden 6.631 erişkin sığır örneklendi. Sinanpaşa, Sandıklı, Şuhut, Dinar, Çobanlar, Evciler, Hocalar, Sultandağı, Dazkırı, Bayat ve Kızılören ilçelerindeki küçük ölçekli işletmelerden toplanan 2.275 örneğin tümü ELISA ile negatif bulundu. Pozitiflik belirlenen ilçeler ise; İhsaniye (6/158, %3.79), Bolvadin (5/367, %1.36), Emirdağ (9/258, %3.48), Başmakçı (2/242, %0.82), İscehisar (2/177, %1.12) ve Çay’dı (1/214, %0.46). Ayrıca, 3 büyük ölçekli organize sütçü sürü de incelendi. Sağlanan 1.915 örneğin 985’inin (%51.43) pozitif olduğu belirlendi fakat 2 sürü negatif olarak belirlendi. Sadece birinde %60 pozitiflik belirlendi. Test sonucuna göre, test edilen 6.631 sığırın 1.025’i (%15.45) BLV pozitif olarak belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, enfeksiyon oranları küçük ölçekli aile tipi işletmelerde oldukça düşük olduğu hatta bulunmadığı görüldü. Ancak insidensin entansif yetiştiricilikte uzun süre yakın temas, danaların enfekte sütlerle beslenmesi, aynı malzemelerle yapılan enjeksiyon ve aşı uygulamaları gibi bulaşma yollarına önem verilmemesi gibi nedenlerle oldukça yüksek olabileceği görüldü. ●●● A Serological investigation of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis Virus (EBLV) infection in Cattle in Afyonkarahisar Province S U M M A R Y Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV) is a worldwide disseminated Retroviral infection. In this study, Enzootic form was investigated in Afyonkarahisar province. For this purpose, total of 6.631 adult cattle was sampled from both central and 17 borough. The collected 2.275 samples from small scale enterprices in Sinanpaşa, Sandıklı, Şuhut, Dinar, Çobanlar, Evciler, Hocalar, Sultandağı, Dazkırı, Bayat and Kızılören were found to be negative with ELISA. Positivity determined locations were İhsaniye (6/158, 3.79%), Bolvadin (5/367, 1.36%), Emirdağ (9/258, 3.48%), Başmakçı (2/242, 0.82%), İscehisar (2/177, 1.12%) and Çay (1/214, 0.46%). In addition, 3 big scale organised dairy herds were investigated. Out of 1.915 samples, 985 (51.43%) was determined as positive while 2 herds were negative, while in an only one, 60% positivity was detected. As according to test result, out of tested 6.631 samples, 1.025 (15.45%) was found to be BLV positive. It was concluded that, infection proportions were relatively low or absent in small scale family type farms but incidens could be quite high in intensive breeding due to ignored transmission ways like close contact for a long time, feeding of the calves with infected milk, injections and vaccination applies with same tools.

References

  • Agresti A, Ponti W, Rocchi M, Meneveri R, Marozzi A, Cavalleri D, Peri E, Poli G, Ginelli E. 1993. Use of polymerase chain reaction to diagnose bovine leukemia virus infection in calves. Am J Vet Res, 54: 373-378.
  • Akça Y, Alkan F, Bilge S, Karaoğlu T, Özkul A, Burgu İ, Kaaden OR. 1996. Süt sığırlarının süt ve kan serumlarında enzootik sığır löykozuna (EBL) karşı antikor varlığının enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ve agar jel immundifuzyon (AGID) testi ile araştırılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 43: 53Batmaz H, Çarlı KT, Kahraman M, Çetin C, Kennerman E. 1995. Serological and haemotological diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis in cattle in Turkey. Vet Rec, 136: 42
  • Batmaz H, Çarlı KT, Şen A, Kennerman E, Minbay A, Yılmaz Z, Caner V, Baklacı C. 19 Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde Enzootik Bovine Leukosis’in Prevalansı ve Bazı BakımYetiştirme koşullarının incelenmesi. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 23: 261-268. Bendixen HJ. 1965. Bovine enzootic leucosis. Adv Vet Sci, 10: 129-134.
  • Beyer J, Köllner B, Teifke JP, Starick E, Beier D, Reimann I, Grunwald U, Ziller M. 2002. Cattle infected with bovine leukaemia virus may not only develop persistens B-cell lymphocytosis but also persistent B-cell lymphopenia. J Vet Med B, 49: 270-277.
  • Bielanski A, Maxwell P, Simard C. 2000. Effect of bovine leukaemia virus on embryonic development and association with in vitro fertilised embryos. Vet Rec, 26: 255-256.
  • Braun U, Hauser B, Meyer S, Feller B. 2007. Cattle with lymphoma and haematoma of the ventral neck: A comparision of findings. Vet J, 174: 344-350.
  • Brenner J, Van Haam M, Savir D, Trainin Z. 19 The implication of BLV infection in the productivity, productive capasity and survival rate of dairy cow. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 3: 299-305. Burgu İ, Alkan F, Karaoğlu T, Bilge-Dağalp S, Can-Şahna K, Güngör B, Demir B. 2005. Control and eradication programme of enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) from selected dairy herds in Turkey. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 112: 271-274.
  • Burgu İ, Urman H K, Kaaden O R, Akça Y, Alçığır G, Berkin Ş, Alkan F, Atasever A. 19 Türkiye’de enzootik sığır löykozu’nun seroepidemiyolojisi ve patolojisi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 37: 32-45. Burny A, Bruck C, Chantrenne H, Cleuter Y, Dekegel D, Ghysdael J, Kettmann R, Leclerg M, Leunen J, Mammerickx M, Portetelle D. 1980. Bovine Leukemia Virus: molecular biology and epidemiology. In: Klein G. (Ed.), Viral Oncology. Raven Pres, New York, pp. 231-289.
  • Çabalar M, Voyvoda H, Sekin S. 2001. Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde süt sığırlarında süt sığırlarında enzootik bovine leukozis (EBL)’in seroprevalansı. IV. Uluslararası İç Hastalıkları Kongresi, 04-06 Temmuz 2001, Konya-Türkiye, 2001.
  • D’angelino JL, Garcia M, Girgel EH. 1998. Productive and reproductive performance in cattle infected with bovine-leukosis virus. J Dairy Res, 65: 693-695.
  • Dimmock CK, Rodwell BJ, Chung YS. 1987. Enzootic bovine leukosis. Pathology, Virology and Serology. Australian standart diagnostic techniques for animal disease. No. 49. Australian Agricultural Council.
  • Dubeuil P, Lanevschi A, Perrone MA, Desnoyers M. 1998. Atypical sporadic lymphosarcoma in a 7-month-old Holstein heifer. Can Vet J, 39: 431-433.
  • Dungworth DL, Theilen GH, Lengyel J. 1964. Bovine lymphosarcoma in California. II. The thymic form. Pathol Vet, 1: 323-350.
  • Emanuelssonn U, Scherling K, Pettersson H. 19 Relationships between herd bovine leukemia virus infection status and reproduction, disease incidence, and productivity in Swedish dairy herds. Prev Vet Med, 12, 121-131. Ferrer JF, Piper CE. 1981. Role of colostrum and milk in the natural transmission of bovine leukaemia virus. Cancer Res, 41: 4906-4909.
  • Foil LD, French DD, Hoyt PG, Issel CJ, Leprince DJ, Mcmanus JM, Seger CL, 19 Transmission of bovine leukemia virus by Tabanus fuscicostatus. Am J Vet Res, 50: 1771-1773.
  • Gibson LA. 1995. Testing for enzootic bovine leucosis. Vet Rec, 136: 156.
  • Gür S, Birdane F, Yapıcı O, 2010. A Skin Form case of Sporadic Bovine Leukosis in a Simmental bred Cow. Kocatepe Vet Derg, 3: 47Hakioğlu F. 1962. Karacabey harası sığırlarında löykosis bakımından yapılan hematolojik araştırmalara ait ilk tebliğ. Türk Vet Hek Dern Derg, 186:167-175.
  • Hoff-Jorgensen R. 1989. An international comparison of different laboratory tests for the diagnosis of bovine leukosis: suggestions for international standardization. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 22: 293-297.
  • Holmes LA, Scott PR, Aldridge BM, 1989. Tymic lymphosarcoma with metastases causing spinal cord compression ans pelvic limb pareis in a heifer. Br Vet J, 146, 91-92.
  • Ivany JM, Kersting KW, Thompson JR, 2000. Lymphosarcoma of the pharyngeal region in a 7-infected animals. Int J Cancer, 25: 147-152.
  • İyisan AS, Bitgel A, Özyörük ., 1996. İstanbul ilindeki süt sığırlarında enzootik bovine leukosisin seroepidemiyolojisi. Türkiye Uluslararası Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi, 25-27 Eylül 1996, İstanbul-Türkiye.
  • Johnson R, Kaneene JB, 1992. Bovine Leukemia virus and enzootic Bovine leucosis. Vet Bull, 62: 287-312.
  • Kale M, Öztürk F. 2004. An Investigation of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL) Infections by Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Tests and Haematological Applicants on the Dairy Cows in the Burdur Region. Acta Vet Beograd, 54: 163-173.
  • Klintevall K, Naslund K, Svedlund G, Hajdu L, Linde N, Klingeborn B. 1991. Evaluation of an indirect ELISA fort he detection of antibodies to bevine leukaemia virus in milk and serum. J Virol Methods, 3: 319-333.
  • Meas S, Seto J, Sugimoto C, Bakhsh M, Riaz M, Sato T, Naeem K, Ohashi K, Onuma M. 2000. Infection of bovine immunodeficiency virus and bovine leukemia virus in water buffalo and cattle population in Pakistan. J Vet Med Sci, 62: 329-331.
  • Miller JM, Van Der Maaten MJ. 1977. Use of glycoprotein antigen in the immunodiffusion test for bovine leukosis virus antibodies. Eur J Cancer, 13: 1369-1375.
  • Molloy JB, Walker PJ, Baldock FC, Rodwell BJ, Cowley JA. 1990. An enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Bovine leukemia virus p24 antibody in cattle. J Vir Methods, 28: 47-57.
  • Ohsima K, Okada K, Numakunai S. 1980. Pathological studies on juvenile Bovine leucosis. Jpn J Vet Sci, 42: 659-671.
  • Otlu S, Aydın F, Genç O, Güler MA, Gökçe G. 200 Kars yöresi sığırlarında bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infeksiyonu üzerinde serolojik ve hematolojik araştırmalar. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 25, 105-110. Ott SL, Johnson R, Wells SJ. 2003. Association between bovine leukosis virus seroprevalence and herd level productivity on US dairy farms. Prev Vet Med, 61: 249-262.
  • Özgünlük İ, Yıldırım Y, Alkan F. 2005. Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi (GAP) kapsamındaki bölgede halk elinde yetiştirilen sığırlarda Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) enfeksiyonunun seroprevalansı. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 52: 109-112.
  • Parodi A L, DaCosta B, Djilali S, Michel B, Alogninouwa T, Femenia F, Crespeau F, Fontaine JJ, Thibier M. 1989. Preliminary report of familial thymic lymphosarcoma in Holstein calves. Vet Rec, 125: 350-353.
  • Reinhardt G, Hochstein-Mintzel V, Riedemann S, Leal H, Niedda M. 1988. Estudio serologico de Leucosis Enzootica Bovina en un predio de la provinica de Valdivia y su relacio a parametros productivos y reproductivos. J Vet Med B, 35, 178-185.
  • Sagata N, Yasunaga T, Tsuzuku-Kawamura J, Ohishi K, Ogawa Y, Ikawa Y. 1985. Complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of Bovine leukemia virus: its evolutionary relationship to other retroviruses. Proc Nat Acad Sci, 82: 677-681.
  • Sargeant JM, Kelton DF, Martin SW, Mann ED. 19 Associations between farm management practices, productivity, and bovine leukemia virus infection in Ontario dairy herds. Prev Vet Med, 31, 211-221. Sparling AM. 2000. An unusual presentation of enzootic bovine leucosis. Can Vet J, 41: 3153
  • Tan MT, Yıldırım Y, Erol N, Güngör AB. 2006. The seroprevalance of Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) and Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) in Selected Dairy Herds in Aydın Province, Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 30: 323-3
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There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abuzer Acar This is me

Sibel Gür This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Acar, A., & Gür, S. (2013). Afyonkarahisar İlinde Sığırlarda Enzootik Bovine Löykoz Virus (EBLV) Enfeksiyonunun Araştırılması. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 6(1), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.5578/kvj.5521
AMA Acar A, Gür S. Afyonkarahisar İlinde Sığırlarda Enzootik Bovine Löykoz Virus (EBLV) Enfeksiyonunun Araştırılması. kvj. March 2013;6(1):33-40. doi:10.5578/kvj.5521
Chicago Acar, Abuzer, and Sibel Gür. “Afyonkarahisar İlinde Sığırlarda Enzootik Bovine Löykoz Virus (EBLV) Enfeksiyonunun Araştırılması”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 6, no. 1 (March 2013): 33-40. https://doi.org/10.5578/kvj.5521.
EndNote Acar A, Gür S (March 1, 2013) Afyonkarahisar İlinde Sığırlarda Enzootik Bovine Löykoz Virus (EBLV) Enfeksiyonunun Araştırılması. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 6 1 33–40.
IEEE A. Acar and S. Gür, “Afyonkarahisar İlinde Sığırlarda Enzootik Bovine Löykoz Virus (EBLV) Enfeksiyonunun Araştırılması”, kvj, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 33–40, 2013, doi: 10.5578/kvj.5521.
ISNAD Acar, Abuzer - Gür, Sibel. “Afyonkarahisar İlinde Sığırlarda Enzootik Bovine Löykoz Virus (EBLV) Enfeksiyonunun Araştırılması”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 6/1 (March 2013), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.5578/kvj.5521.
JAMA Acar A, Gür S. Afyonkarahisar İlinde Sığırlarda Enzootik Bovine Löykoz Virus (EBLV) Enfeksiyonunun Araştırılması. kvj. 2013;6:33–40.
MLA Acar, Abuzer and Sibel Gür. “Afyonkarahisar İlinde Sığırlarda Enzootik Bovine Löykoz Virus (EBLV) Enfeksiyonunun Araştırılması”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, 2013, pp. 33-40, doi:10.5578/kvj.5521.
Vancouver Acar A, Gür S. Afyonkarahisar İlinde Sığırlarda Enzootik Bovine Löykoz Virus (EBLV) Enfeksiyonunun Araştırılması. kvj. 2013;6(1):33-40.

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