Broyler Tavuklarda Mersin, Biberiye ve Kekik Esansiyel Yağlarının Bağırsak Motilitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2018, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 394 - 401, 15.12.2018

Tuba Bülbül Vural Özdemir Elmas Ulutaş Aziz Bülbül

https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.434247

Abstract

Bu araştırma, broyler
beslemede yem katkı maddesi olarak yaygın kullanılmaya başlayan mersin,
biberiye ve kekik esansiyel yağlarının ince bağırsak kasılımları üzerine
etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Özel bir kanatlı mezbahanesinde elde
edilen (40-42 günlük) 10 adet ince bağırsak, krebs solüsyonu (NaCl, 118 mmol/l;
KCl, 4.7 mmol/l; CaCl₂, 2.5 mmol/l; MgSO₄, 1 mmol/l; KH₂PO₄,
1 mmol/l glukoz 11, mmol/l; NaHCO₃, 25 mmol/l) ile +4 ⁰C’de
laboratuara getirildi. Duodenum, jejenum ve ileum dokuları, 39 ^oC
sıcaklıkta ve %95 O₂ - %5 CO₂ gaz karışımı ile sürekli
havalandırılan 20 ml krebs çözeltisi içerisinde olacak şekilde dört kadehli
izole organ banyosuna yerleştirildi. Dokuların kasılımları "force
transducer" ve "acquisition system" yardımı ile bilgisayarda
görüntülenerek kaydedildi. Clevenger cihazın hidrodistilasyon metodu ile elde
edilen mersin, biberiye ve kekik esansiyel yağları 0,1–1000 µg/ml derişim
aralığında duodenum, jejenum ve ileum dokularına uygulanarak etkileri ve etkili
dozları belirlendi. Aynı şekilde aynı dokularda asetilkolinin 10^-10
- 10^-3 M aralığı ile EFS ( Electrical
field stimulation; Elektriksel alam uyarımı) uygulanarak maksimal kasılımlar
elde edildi. Üç yağında etkili dozları maksimal kasılımların elde edildiği
asetilkolin ve EFS ile tekrar değerlendirildi. Her üç dokuda da biberiye ve
kekik esansiyel yağlarının 1000 µg/ml, mersin yağının ise 300 ve 1000 µg/ml
düzeylerinin spontan kasılımları tamamen engellediği diğer derişimlerin dokular
üzerinde belirgin bir yanıt oluşturmadığı görüldü. Asetilkolin ve EFS ile
uyarılmış dokularda ise esansiyel yağların etkili dozlarının kasılımları %15-35
aralığında engellediği ortaya konuldu. Sonuç olarak mersin, biberye ve kekik
esansiyel yağlarının ince bağırsak kasılımlarını engellediği in vitro olarak gösterildi. Ancak bu
etkinin oluşması için yüksek dozlarda uygulanması gerektiği ifade edilebilir.

Keywords

Mersin, kekik, esansiyel yağ, biberiye, ince bağırsak

The Effect of Essential Oils of Myrtle, Rosemary, and Thyme on Intestinal Motility in Broiler

Abstract

This research was conducted to determine the effects
of essential oils of myrtle, rosemary, and thyme, which are common essential
oils in broiler nutrition, on small intestine contractility. For this purpose,
small intestines of 10 broiler chickens of 40-42 days old, which were
sacrificed in a special slaughterhouse and were put into Krebs solution (NaCl,
118 mmol/l; KCl, 4.7 mmol/l; CaCl₂, 2.5 mmol/l; MgSO₄, 1
mmol/l; KH₂PO₄, 1 mmol/l glucose 11, mmol/l; NaHCO₃,
25 mmol/l) and transferred
to the laboratories at +4 ⁰C. Isolated strips of duodenum, jejunum
and ileum were placed in a four-channeled, isolated organ bath system at 39 °C,
ventilated by a mixture of 95% O2 - %5 CO₂ regularly. The
contractions of the tissues were recorded by displaying them on the computer
with the help of "force transducer" and "acquisition system".
The effective doses and effects of essential oils of myrtle, rosemary, and
thyme, obtained by hydrodistillation method of Clevenger apparatus, were determined
in a concentration range of 0.1-1000 μg / ml. Similarly, maximal contractions
were obtained by applying EFS at acetylcholine concentrations in a range of 10^-10
-10^-3 M. The maximal effective doses of all three essentil oils were
re-evaluated at acetylcholine and
EFS applications in which maximal contractions are obtained. It was
determined that the essential oils of 1000 μg/ml of rosemary and thyme, and 300
and 1000 μg/ml levels of myrtle inhibited spontaneous contractions of all three
tissues completely, whereas no significant responses were observed in these
tissues at other concentration levels. In tissues stimulated by acetylcholine
and EFS, the effective doses of the essential oils inhibited contractions in
the range of 15-35%. In conclusion, the essential oils of myrtle, rosemary, and
thyme were demonstrated to inhibit the contractions of small intestine in vitro . However, it has been observed
that higher doses are needed to be applied to obtain this effect.

Keywords

Myrtle, rosemary, thyme, essential oils, small intestines

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