Research Article

How Does GenAI Agency Drive Academic Engagement Among Second Language Learners? An Empirical Study Based on Self-Determination Theory

Volume: 9 Number: 1 June 13, 2026

How Does GenAI Agency Drive Academic Engagement Among Second Language Learners? An Empirical Study Based on Self-Determination Theory

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) holds significant potential for enhancing academic engagement among English learners, yet its effectiveness largely depends on students' agency in its use. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this study examines the mediating role of students' AI usage agency in influencing academic engagement. Data were collected via an online questionnaire comprising five validated scales from 644 undergraduate English students across multiple Chinese universities. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted using AMOS 24, yielding several key findings. GenAI support and students’ agency beliefs both significantly and positively predicted the fulfillment of their basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). Furthermore, the fulfillment of these three basic psychological needs exerted significant direct positive effects on students' learning engagement, with competence demonstrating the strongest impact. Moreover, GenAI support and student agency exerted significant indirect effects on learning engagement through the mediating role of basic psychological needs. Findings indicate that in GenAI-enhanced learning environments, external technological support and students’ intrinsic agency jointly drive deep academic engagement by satisfying their basic psychological needs. The study concludes by discussing educational implications and future research directions.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

The author received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Ethical Statement

Dr. Yuli Li declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships, personal relationships, or competing interests that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Language Acquisition

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 13, 2026

Submission Date

April 9, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 1, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Li, Y. (2026). How Does GenAI Agency Drive Academic Engagement Among Second Language Learners? An Empirical Study Based on Self-Determination Theory. Language Teaching and Educational Research, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.35207/later.1926446
AMA
1.Li Y. How Does GenAI Agency Drive Academic Engagement Among Second Language Learners? An Empirical Study Based on Self-Determination Theory. LATER. 2026;9(1). doi:10.35207/later.1926446
Chicago
Li, Yuli. 2026. “How Does GenAI Agency Drive Academic Engagement Among Second Language Learners? An Empirical Study Based on Self-Determination Theory”. Language Teaching and Educational Research 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.35207/later.1926446.
EndNote
Li Y (June 1, 2026) How Does GenAI Agency Drive Academic Engagement Among Second Language Learners? An Empirical Study Based on Self-Determination Theory. Language Teaching and Educational Research 9 1
IEEE
[1]Y. Li, “How Does GenAI Agency Drive Academic Engagement Among Second Language Learners? An Empirical Study Based on Self-Determination Theory”, LATER, vol. 9, no. 1, June 2026, doi: 10.35207/later.1926446.
ISNAD
Li, Yuli. “How Does GenAI Agency Drive Academic Engagement Among Second Language Learners? An Empirical Study Based on Self-Determination Theory”. Language Teaching and Educational Research 9/1 (June 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.35207/later.1926446.
JAMA
1.Li Y. How Does GenAI Agency Drive Academic Engagement Among Second Language Learners? An Empirical Study Based on Self-Determination Theory. LATER. 2026;9. doi:10.35207/later.1926446.
MLA
Li, Yuli. “How Does GenAI Agency Drive Academic Engagement Among Second Language Learners? An Empirical Study Based on Self-Determination Theory”. Language Teaching and Educational Research, vol. 9, no. 1, June 2026, doi:10.35207/later.1926446.
Vancouver
1.Yuli Li. How Does GenAI Agency Drive Academic Engagement Among Second Language Learners? An Empirical Study Based on Self-Determination Theory. LATER. 2026 Jun. 1;9(1). doi:10.35207/later.1926446