Research Article

When Correct Isn’t Fluent: Translationese in Turkish-to-English Academic Writing and Its Implications for EAP

Volume: 9 Number: 1 September 10, 2026

When Correct Isn’t Fluent: Translationese in Turkish-to-English Academic Writing and Its Implications for EAP

Abstract

Turkish scholars, like many non-native English speakers, routinely translate manuscripts written in their first language before submitting them to international journals, a practice that leaves linguistic traces even in grammatically sound texts. This study examines that residue, commonly termed translationese, in the introductions of 40 bilingual articles from Education and Science, an SSCI- and Scopus-indexed Turkish education journal, using a reference-free neural quality-estimation metric (COMET-QE) to score each English introduction against its Turkish source. After excluding five articles for alignment issues, scores across the remaining 35 clustered within a comparatively narrow band (M = 0.68), suggesting source-language interference is pervasive rather than occasional in this corpus. Contrary to expectation, neither how much a translation expanded relative to its source nor its raw length showed a significant relationship with its score. Close analysis of the lowest- and highest-scoring texts instead pointed to specific choices, such as calque, repetitive noun-phrase reference in place of pronouns, and clause structures that preserved Turkish syntax at English's expense, as more reliable markers of quality than any global text property. For English Language Teaching, particularly academic writing instruction for Turkish-speaking researchers, these findings suggest that raising awareness of specific interference patterns may serve learners better than generic fluency advice, and that quality-estimation tools could support self-editing before submission.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Translation and Interpretation Studies, English As A Second Language, Translation Studies

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 10, 2026

Submission Date

July 28, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 31, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Dolmacı, M. (2026). When Correct Isn’t Fluent: Translationese in Turkish-to-English Academic Writing and Its Implications for EAP. Language Teaching and Educational Research, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.35207/later.2004870
AMA
1.Dolmacı M. When Correct Isn’t Fluent: Translationese in Turkish-to-English Academic Writing and Its Implications for EAP. LATER. 2026;9(1). doi:10.35207/later.2004870
Chicago
Dolmacı, Mustafa. 2026. “When Correct Isn’t Fluent: Translationese in Turkish-to-English Academic Writing and Its Implications for EAP”. Language Teaching and Educational Research 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.35207/later.2004870.
EndNote
Dolmacı M (September 1, 2026) When Correct Isn’t Fluent: Translationese in Turkish-to-English Academic Writing and Its Implications for EAP. Language Teaching and Educational Research 9 1
IEEE
[1]M. Dolmacı, “When Correct Isn’t Fluent: Translationese in Turkish-to-English Academic Writing and Its Implications for EAP”, LATER, vol. 9, no. 1, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.35207/later.2004870.
ISNAD
Dolmacı, Mustafa. “When Correct Isn’t Fluent: Translationese in Turkish-to-English Academic Writing and Its Implications for EAP”. Language Teaching and Educational Research 9/1 (September 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.35207/later.2004870.
JAMA
1.Dolmacı M. When Correct Isn’t Fluent: Translationese in Turkish-to-English Academic Writing and Its Implications for EAP. LATER. 2026;9. doi:10.35207/later.2004870.
MLA
Dolmacı, Mustafa. “When Correct Isn’t Fluent: Translationese in Turkish-to-English Academic Writing and Its Implications for EAP”. Language Teaching and Educational Research, vol. 9, no. 1, Sept. 2026, doi:10.35207/later.2004870.
Vancouver
1.Mustafa Dolmacı. When Correct Isn’t Fluent: Translationese in Turkish-to-English Academic Writing and Its Implications for EAP. LATER. 2026 Sep. 1;9(1). doi:10.35207/later.2004870