Analysing the Global Fight Against Climate Change and the Turkish Context

Selçuk Gürçam

doi:10.47478/lectio.1004359

EN

Analysing the Global Fight Against Climate Change and the Turkish Context

Abstract

After the Industrial Revolution that took place in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Europe, increases in the machinery used, population and the need for energy have boosted the reliance on fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse gases. As a result of this, global temperatures, which had been in balance with the natural greenhouse effect, have increased, and the problem of climate change emerged. The search for a solution to this across boundaries phenomenon started to attract international attention in the 1970s. Since parochial actions cannot prevent climate change, the main arguments have concentrated on the fact that a solution is possible not through local or regional efforts but global ones, and each country’s contribution in proportion to its capabilities is necessary. Recent research has shown that if no solution is found, the temperatures will continue to increase even more, resulting in a severe threat to the living on earth. This article examined the factors that bring about climate change as a global problem, the symptoms and efforts related to this, and Turkey’s stance within this global effort.

Keywords

Global climate change , global warming , greenhouse effect , international conventions , Turkey

References

Aksay, C. S., Ketenoğlu, O., & Kurt, L., (2005). Küresel Isınma ve İklim Değişikliği, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 1(25), 29-42.
Anderson, A. (2010). Combating climate change through quality education. Washington, DC: Brookings Global Economy and Development.
Anshori, M. R. (2020). Climate change problems and the responses of the main character in Robert Macfarlane’s Underland: A Deep Time Journey (2019) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim).
Arıkan, Y., & Sezer-Eralp, S., (4 Nisan 2007). İklim Değişikliği Sürecinde Türkiye’nin Öncelikleri ve Seçenekleri için Öneriler, TBMM Küresel Isınma Komisyonu Sunumu.
Baba, N. (2010). Sinking the pearl of the Indian Ocean: Climate change in Sri Lanka. Global Majority E-Journal, 1(1), 4-16.
Berberoğlu, N. (2009). İklim Değişikliği: Post-Kyoto Müzakereleri ve Türkiye. Uluslararası Ekonomik Sorunlar Dergisi, 33, 18-26.
Berkeley Earth, (2020). Global Temperature Report for 2019, http://berkeleyearth.org/2019-temperatures/, (Accessed on: 05 October 2021).
Binboğa, G. (2014). Uluslararası Karbon Ticareti ve Türkiye. Journal of Yaşar University, 9(34), 5732-5759.
Bolin, B. (2007). A history of the science and politics of climate change: the role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Böhringer, C. (2003). The Kyoto protocol: a review and perspectives. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 19(3), 451-466.

Böhringer, C., & Löschel, A. (2003). Market power and hot air in international emissions trading: the impacts of US withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol. Applied Economics, 35(6), 651-663.
Burton, I. (1987). Report on reports: Our common future: The world commission on environment and development. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 29(5), 25-29.
Cao, X. (2003). Climate change and energy development: implications for developing countries. Resources policy, 29(1-2), 61-67.
Charlson, R. J., & Wigley, T. M. (1994). Sulfate aerosol and climatic change. Scientific American, 270(2), 48-57. Climate Change Connection. (2015). UNFCCC. https://climatechangeconnection.org/solutions/international-solutions/unfccc/ (Accesed on: 20.10.2021).
Crutzen, P. J. (2016). Geology of mankind. In Paul J. Crutzen: A Pioneer on Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Change in the Anthropocene (pp. 211-215). Springer, Cham.
Çakmak, E. G., Doğan, T., & Hilmioğlu, B. (2017). İklim Değişikliği Süresinde Paris Anlaşması’nın Rolü ve Türkiye’nin Konumu. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hava Kirlenmesi Araştırmaları ve Denetimi Türk Milli Komitesi, VII. Ulusal Hava Kirliliği ve Kontrolü Sempozyumu, 1-3.
Daşcıoğlu, B.Z.Ö. (2021). IPCC’nin Altıncı Değerlendirme Raporu Ne Anlama Geliyor?, SETA, Perspektif, Ağustos 2021 . SAYI 316, https://setav.org/assets/uploads/2021/08/P316.pdf, (Accessed on:10 October 2021).
Ediger, V. Ş. (2008). Küresel iklim değişikliğinin uluslararası ilişkiler boyutu ve Türkiye’nin politikaları. Mülkiye, 17(259), 133-158.
El-Fadel, M., Chedid, R., Zeinati, M., & Hmaidan, W. (2003). Mitigating energy-related GHG emissions through renewable energy. Renewable Energy, 28(8), 1257-1276.
Eraktan, G., Yelen, B., & Arısoy, H. (2010). Kyoto Protokolü, Türkiye’nin yükümlülükleri ve beklentiler. Türkiye IX. Tarım Ekonomisi Kongresi.
Grunewald, N., & Martinez-Zarzoso, I. (2016). Did the Kyoto Protocol fail? An evaluation of the effect of the Kyoto Protocol on CO2 emissions.
Gürçam, S. & Konuralp, E. (2021). Küreselden Yerele Çevresel Politika Yapımı: Iğdır İl Özel İdaresi Üzerine Bir Memorandum. Iğdır Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (6), 65-84. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/igdiriibf/issue/67582/1051362
Gürçam, S., Konuralp, E. and Ekici, S. (2021), “Determining the effect of air transportation on air pollution in the most polluted city in Turkey”, Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 93 No. 2, pp. 354-362. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-08-2020-0176
Hansen, J., Johnson, D., Lacis, A., Lebedeff, S., Lee, P., Rind, D., & Russell, G. (1981). Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Science, 213(4511), 957-966.
Hens, L., & Nath, B. (2003). The Johannesburg Conference. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 5(1-2), 7-39.
Houghton, J. (1994). The climate convention and the latest scientific understanding of climate change. Renewable energy, 5(1), 1-4.
IPCC. (1992). Climate Change 1992: The supplementary report to the IPCC scientific assessment. Intergovernmental Panel on Cllmate Change, Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge.
IPCC. (1995). Climate change 1995. IPCC Second Assessment. A Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, WMO-UNEP.
IPCC. (2001). Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Houghton, J.T., et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge and New York.
IPCC. (2007a). Climate Change 2007: Working Group I: The Physical Science Basis, Frequently Asked Question 1.3, What is the Greenhouse Effect?, https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-1-3.html, (Accessed on: 18 November 2020).
IPCC. (2007b). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis Summary for Policymakers, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, http://users.telenet.be/j.janssens/CommentsSPM4web.pdf, (Accessed on:19 November 2020).
IPCC. (2007c). Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [B. Metz, O.R. Davidson, P.R.
Bosch, R. Dave, L.A. Meyer (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
IPCC. (2014). Climate change 2014. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014). AR5 synthesis report: Climate change 2014.
IPCC. (2021). Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. In Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM.pdf, (Accessed on: 10 October 2021).
İHKİB, İstanbul Hazır Giyim ve Konfeksiyon İhracatçıları Birliği. (2021). Küresel Bir Krizin Çözümüne Giden Yol: Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı, https://www.ihkib.org.tr/fp-icerik/ia/d/2021/03/19/kuresel-bir-krizin-cozumune-giden-yol-aym-202103191724070123-1FB0E.pdf, (Accessed on: 10 October 2021).
Jones, P. D., & Mann, M. (2004). 2004: Climate over past millennia, Reviews of Geophysics 42-42.
Justus, J. R., Fletcher, S. R., & Resources, Science, and Industry Division. (2003, January). Global climate change. Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress.
Karakaya, E. (2016). Paris iklim anlaşması: içeriği ve Türkiye üzerine bir değerlendirme. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 1-12.
Khanna, N. (2001). Analysing the economic cost of the Kyoto protocol. Ecological Economics, 38(1), 59-69.
Konuralp, E. (2020). Between neoliberal appetence and environmentalist reservations: the political economy of sustainable aviation. International Journal of Sustainable Aviation, 6(2), 134-147.
Konuralp, E. (2021). In What Ways Does the Embedded Liberalism Literature Differ from the Liberal-Individualistic IPE? A. In A. Haşimov and M. Şabanov (Eds.), Al Farabi Journal 9th International Conference on Social Sciences Full Text Book (pp. 124–131). Nakhchivan: Farabi Publishing House.
Konuralp, E. and Bicer, S. (2021). Putting the Neoliberal Transformation of Turkish Healthcare System and Its Problems into a Historical Perspective. Review of Radical Political Economics, 53(4). doi:10.1177/04866134211005083
Kweku, D. W., Bismark, O., Maxwell, A., Desmond, K. A., Danso, K. B., Oti-Mensah, E. A., ... & Adormaa, B. B. (2017). Greenhouse effect: Greenhouse gases and their impact on global warming. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 1-9.
Lindzen, R. S. (1990). Some coolness concerning global warming. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 71(3), 288-299.
Linnér, B. O., & Selin, H. (2013). The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development: forty years in the making. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 31(6), 971-987.
McKibbin, W. J., & Wilcoxen, P. J. (2002). The role of economics in climate change policy. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(2), 107-129.
Measey, M. (2010). Indonesia: a vulnerable country in the face of climate change. Global Majority E-Journal, 1(1), 31-45.
Mendelsohn, R., Dinar, A., & Williams, L. (2006). The distributional impact of climate change on rich and poor countries. Environment and development economics, 159-178.
Mertz, O., Halsnæs, K., Olesen, J. E., & Rasmussen, K. (2009). Adaptation to climate change in developing countries. Environmental management, 43(5), 743-752.
NASA. (2010). Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1881 to 2009, 27 January, 2010, https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003600/a003674/index.html, (Accessed on: 5 November 2020).
Ni, B. J., Yuan, Z., Chandran, K., Vanrolleghem, P. A., & Murthy, S. (2013). Evaluating four mathematical models for nitrous oxide production by autotrophic ammonia-oxidising bacteria. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 110(1), 153-163.
Okada, A. (2007). International negotiations on climate change: a noncooperative game analysis of the Kyoto protocol. In Diplomacy games (pp. 231-250). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Olmstead, S. M., & Stavins, R. N. (2006). An international policy architecture for the post-Kyoto era. American Economic Review, 96(2), 35-38.
Pachauri, R. K. (2004). Climate and humanity. Global Environmental Change, 2(14), 101-103.
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation. (2021). Sözleşmeler ve Protokoller, Paris Anlaşması, https://iklim.csb.gov.tr/paris-anlasmasi-i-98587, (Accessed on: 05 October 2021).
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2021). Dış Politika, Temel Dış Politika, Konuları Türkiye'nin Çevre Politikası, Uluslararası Süreçler ve Türkiye, İklim Değişikliğiyle Mücadele, Paris Anlaşması, https://www.mfa.gov.tr/paris-anlasmasi.tr.mfa, (Accessed on: 05 October 2021).
Reuters. (2021). Turkey set to receive 3.1 bln euro loans to help Paris climate goals. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/exclusive-turkey-set-receive-31-bln-euro-loans-help-paris-climate-goals-sources-2021-10-14/ on 16 October 2021.
Siebenhüner, B. (2003). The changing role of nation-states in international environmental assessments—the case of the IPCC. Global Environmental Change, 13(2), 113-123.
Solomon, S., Manning, M., Marquis, M., & Qin, D. (2007). Climate change 2007-the physical science basis: Working group I contribution to the fourth assessment report of the IPCC (Vol. 4). Cambridge university press.
Stern, T., & Antholis, W. (2008). A changing climate: The road ahead for the United States. Washington Quarterly, 31(1), 175-188.
Stępniewska, Z., & Kuźniar, A. (2013). Endophytic microorganisms—promising applications in bioremediation of greenhouse gases. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 97(22), 9589-9596.
Sunstein, C. R. (2007). Of Montreal and Kyoto: a tale of two protocols. Harv. Envtl. L. Rev., 31, 1.
Şen Ö, L., (n.d.) How does the global climate change affect the climate of Turkey? http://climatechangeinturkey.com/climate-change-basics-how-does-the-climate-of-turkeychange.html., (Accessed on 20 November 2020).
Şenses, F. (2016), “Turkeys experience with neoliberal policies since 1980 in retrospect and prospect”, in Ozbay, C., Erol, M., Turem, Z.U. and Terzioglu, A. (Eds), The Making of Neoliberal Turkey, Ashgate, Dorchester, pp. 15-32.
The International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme, (IGBP), Terrestrial Carbon Working Group. (1998). The terrestrial carbon cycle: implications for the Kyoto Protocol.
Tol, R. S. (2007). Europe’s long-term climate target: A critical evaluation. Energy policy, 35(1), 424-432.
Türkeş, M. (1994). Artan Sera Etkisinin Türkiye Üzerindeki Etkileri. TÜBİTAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, 321, 71.
Türkeş, M. (1998). Influence of geopotential heights, cyclone frequency and southern oscillation on rainfall variations in Turkey. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 18(6), 649-680.
Türkeş, M., Sümer, U. M., & Çetiner, G. (1999). İklim Değişikliğinin Bilimsel Değerlendirilmesi. Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi Seminer Notları (7 April 1999, Ankara), Çevre Bakanlığı, Çevre Kirliliğini Önleme ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü, 52-66.
Türkeş, M. (2003). Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation and aridity index series of Turkey. In Mediterranean climate (pp. 181-213). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Türkeş, M. (2007). İklim Değişikliği: 12 Temel Soru. TMMOB Elektrik Mühendisleri Odası (EMO) EMO Enerji Dergisi Eki. EMO Yayını.
Türkeş, M. (2008). Küresel iklim değişikliği nedir? Temel kavramlar, nedenleri, gözlenen ve öngörülen değişiklikler. İklim Değişikliği ve Çevre, 1(1), 26-37.
Türkeş, M. (2012). Küresel İklim Değişikliği ve Çölleşme. İçinde: Günümüz Dünya Sorunları–Disiplinlerarası Bir Yaklaşım.
Türkeş, M. (2013). İklim Değişiklikleri: Kambriyen’den Pleyistosene, Geç Holosen’den 21. Yüzyıl’a. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 22(1), 1-25.
UN. (1972). Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment., https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/CONF.48/14/REV.1 (Accessed on: 13 November 2020).
UN. (1992). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/convention_text_with_annexes_english_for_posting.pdf (Accessed on: 12 October 2021)
UN. (1998). Kyoto Protocol to The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, (1998), https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf, (Accessed on: 13 November 2020).
UNDP. (n.d.) Climate Change Adaptation, Turkey, https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/europe-and-central-asia/turkey, (Accessed on: 20 November 2020).
UNFCCC. (1992). What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?, https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf, (Accessed on: 13 November 2020).
UNFCCC. (2013). COP 19 Decisions. https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/conferences/past-conferences/warsaw-climate-change-conference-november-2013/cop-19/cop-19-decisions (Accessed on: 12 October 2021)
UNFCCC. (2014). COP 20 Decisions. https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/conferences/past-conferences/lima-climate-change-conference-december-2014/cop-20/cop-20-decisions (Accessed on: 12 October 2021)
Walker, S., Hipel, K. W., & Inohara, T. (2007, October). Strategic analysis of the Kyoto protocol. In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (pp. 1806-1811). IEEE.
Watson, R. T., Zinyowera, M. C., & Moss, R. H. (1996). Climate change 1995. Impacts, adaptations and mitigation of climate change: Scientific-technical analyses.
WCED, S. W. S. (1987). World commission on environment and development. Our common future, 17, 1-91.
Wigley, T. M. (1998). The Kyoto Protocol: CO2 CH4 and climate implications. Geophysical research letters, 25(13), 2285-2288.
Wigley, T. M. (2005). The climate change commitment. Science, 307(5716), 1766-1769.
Yalman, G. (2010), Transition to Neoliberalism: The Case of Turkey in the 1980s, Istanbul Bilgi University Press, Istanbul.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

International Relations

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Selçuk Gürçam ^*
0000-0003-0426-329X
Türkiye

Publication Date

January 29, 2022

Submission Date

October 4, 2021

Acceptance Date

October 19, 2021

Published in Issue

Year 2022 Volume: 6 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.47478/lectio.1004359

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA35JJ96BX

APA

Gürçam, S. (2022). Analysing the Global Fight Against Climate Change and the Turkish Context. Lectio Socialis, 6(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.47478/lectio.1004359

Cited By

İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA: SCOPUS VERİ TABANINA DAYALI BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ

Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1088762

Assessing the Health-economic Crisis: The Case of Turkey

Lectio Socialis

https://doi.org/10.47478/lectio.1079624

FIGHTING THE CLIMATE CRISIS WITHIN THE LAW (JUDICIAL) AXIS

Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi

https://doi.org/10.46849/guiibd.1193379

https://doi.org/

Dressing the Future: The Bibliometric Interplay Between Sustainability and Fashion Studies Amidst the Neoliberal Era

Fashion Practice

https://doi.org/10.1080/17569370.2024.2405485

İklim kanununa muhalefet: TBMM genel kurul ve çevre komisyonu görüşmeleri üzerine nitel bir analiz

İDEALKENT

https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1899250

Lectio Socialis is a prestigious, international, peer-reviewed journal operating on a continuous publication model that provides a platform for scholars to share high-quality, policy-relevant research. The journal’s primary focus is political science, exclusively accepting original research and review articles. While centered on political inquiry, the journal also welcomes contributions from related fields such as public administration, international relations, and economics that offer significant insights into governance and power structures. The primary objective of Lectio Socialis is to maintain an independent and unbiased environment for global researchers to present transformative scholarship that addresses structural inequalities and contributes to the advancement of knowledge and social progress.

Lectio Socialis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Öz

Analysing the Global Fight Against Climate Change and the Turkish Context

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite

Cited By

İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA: SCOPUS VERİ TABANINA DAYALI BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ

Assessing the Health-economic Crisis: The Case of Turkey

FIGHTING THE CLIMATE CRISIS WITHIN THE LAW (JUDICIAL) AXIS

Dressing the Future: The Bibliometric Interplay Between Sustainability and Fashion Studies Amidst the Neoliberal Era

İklim kanununa muhalefet: TBMM genel kurul ve çevre komisyonu görüşmeleri üzerine nitel bir analiz