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Germany’s Policy on Public Security: An Analysis Through Strategy Documents

Year 2025, Issue: 118, 199 - 230, 18.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1683028

Abstract

This study analyzes Germany’s policy on public security through a thematic examination of eight strategy documents published between 2021 and 2024. A total of 33 codes were identified within the scope of the research. These codes are categorized under five main themes: “democratic security and participatory governance,” “digital security and technological capacity,” “inclusive resilience and crisis governance,” “preventive security and counter-extremism,” and “integrated crime prevention and intelligence cooperation.” The findings reveal that Germany’s security approach is not limited to military defense strategies but also prioritizes the protection of democratic values, management of digital threats, and the construction of societal resilience. The data obtained from these strategy documents demonstrate that Germany adopts a multi-actor, normative, and preventive approach to its security policies.

References

  • Agafonova, O. (2024). “Change of Epochs” in German security and defense policy. Izvestiya of Saratov University. Sociology. Politology. https://doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2024-24-2-229-235.
  • Ahmadi, A. (2021). The French Security and Defence Issue: How Does Strategic Culture Help Explain French Views on Common Security and Defence Cooperation? (Bachelor’s thesis, Lund University).
  • Almanya Federal Anayasayı Koruma Teşkilatı (2023). Anayasayı Koruma Raporu https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/SharedDocs/publikationen/DE/verfassungsschutzberichte/2024-06-18-verfassungsschutzbericht-2023.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=17 E.T. 03.06.2025
  • Almanya Federal Hükûmeti. (2023). Ulusal Güvenlik Stratejisi https://www.bmvg.de/en/national-security-policy E.T. 29.10.2024
  • Almanya Federal Hükûmeti. (2024). Aşırılıkla Mücadele ve Demokrasi Güçlendirme Stratejisi https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/downloads/DE/publikationen/themen/ministerium/BMI24021.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=8 E.T. 02.03.2025
  • Almanya Federal İçişleri Bakanlığı. (2021). Siber Güvenlik Stratejisi. https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/downloads/DE/veroeffentlichungen/2021/09/cybersicherheitsstrategie-2021.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1 E.T.02.02.2025
  • Almanya Federal İçişleri Bakanlığı. (2022). Afetlere Karşı Dayanıklılığın Güçlendirilmesine İlişkin Strateji https://www.bmi.bund.de/DE/themen/bevoelkerungsschutz/resilienzstrategie/resilienzstrategie-node.html E.T. 03.03.2025
  • Almanya Federal İçişleri Bakanlığı. (2023). Kritik Altyapıların Korunmasına İlişkin Çatı Strateji https://www.bmi.bund.de/DE/themen/it-und-digitalpolitik/it-und-cybersicherheit/cybersicherheitspolitik/cybersicherheitspolitik-node.html E.T.02.02.2025
  • Almanya Federal Kriminal Dairesi (2022). Polis Odaklı Suçla Mücadele Stratejisi https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/downloads/DE/veroeffentlichungen/2022/Strategie-OK.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=7 E.T. 03.12.2025
  • Arends, J. (2015). Güvenliğin Genişlemesi ve Derinleşmesi. Globacademy.
  • Arslan, A. C. (2024). Hukuk Devleti ve Kamu Dü zeni İlişkisinde Gü venlik Politikalarının Oluşumu. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, (116), 51-74. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1400587
  • Aslan, M. (2022). Türkiye’de Güvenlik Algısının Kavramsal ve Pragmatik Dönüşümü: Modern Dönemlerin Karşılaştırılması. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(3), 293–310.
  • Aytekin, A. (2015). Türkiye’nin Siber Güvenlik Stratejisi ve Eylem Planının Değerlendirilmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi).
  • Banasik, M. (2018). Dilemmas of security perception. Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6222.
  • Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Towards a new modernity (M. Ritter, Trans.). Sage Publications.
  • Berenskoetter, F. (2005). Mapping the Mind Gap: A Comparison of US and German Security Cultures. World Affairs, 168(2), 83–95.
  • Bigo, D. (2002). Security and immigration: Toward a critique of the governmentality of unease. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 27(1_suppl), 63–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/03043754020270S105
  • Bigo, D. (2014). The (in)securitization practices of the three universes of EU border control: Military/navy – Border guards/police – Database analysts. Security Dialogue, 45(3), 209–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010614530459
  • Bigo, D., & Guild, E. (2021). Security above the law? Exceptionalism and border controls in the time of COVID-19. Movements Journal, 9(1).
  • Bigo, D., & Guild, E. (Eds.). (2005). Controlling frontiers: Free movement into and within Europe. Ashgate Publishing.
  • Bigo, D., & Tsoukala, A. (Eds.). (2008). Terror, insecurity and liberty: Illiberal practices of liberal regimes after 9/11. Routledge.
  • Bigo, D., Brouwer, E., Jeandesboz, J., & Hayes, B. (2013). Mass surveillance of personal data by EU member states and its compatibility with EU law. Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2360473
  • Bigo, D., Carrera, S., Guild, E., & Walker, R. (2008). Mapping the field of the EU internal security agencies. Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS). https://didierbigo.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Mapping.pdf
  • Bilgin, P. (2006). Uluslararası İlişkilerde Güvenlik Kavramı: Kuramsal Bir Çerçeve. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 3(11), 3–25.
  • Birdişli, F. (2017). Teori ve Pratikte Uluslararası Güvenlik. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Buzan, B., Wæver, O., de Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Cassedy, C. P. (2013). National Security Strategies of the US and the UK: An Expansion of “Security” Over Time (Master’s thesis). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
  • Çıdam, E. V. (2025). Post-Ulusal Kimlik ve Geçmişle Yüzleşme Siyaseti: Almanya Örneği. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, (117), 167-183. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1584867 E.T. 05.15.2025
  • Çifçi, O. (2024). Güvenlik Paradigmasının Dönüşümü ve 21. Yüzyılda Uluslararası Güvenliğin Yeni Gündemi. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, (113), 143-170. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1335666
  • Dilbirliği, M. (2017). Avrupa aşırı sağının görünüş şekilleri: Almanya örneği. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, (86), 145-168. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/liberal/issue/48149/609149
  • Ettinger, A. (2017). U.S. National Security Strategies: Patterns of Continuity and Change, 1987–2015. Comparative Strategy, 36(1), 25–40.
  • Ettinger, A. (2018). Trump’s National Security Strategy: “America First” Meets the Establishment. International Journal, 73(1), 119–132.
  • Frank A. Stengel, The Politics of Military Force: Antimilitarism, Ideational Change, and Post-Cold War German Security Discourse (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2020
  • Gebremeskel, B., Jonathan, G., ve Yalew, S. (2022). Information Security Challenges During Digital Transformation. , 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.262.
  • Goedecke, M. (2012). The Modernization of the Bundeswehr: A New Trend in Germany’s Security Policy.
  • Gözen, R. (2015). Uluslararası Güvenlik Yaklaşımlarının Tarihsel Gelişimi. Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(1), 65–81.
  • Hammerstad, A., & Boas, I. (2015). National Security Risks? Uncertainty, Austerity and Other Logics of Risk in the UK Government’s National Security Strategy. Cooperation and Conflict, 50(4), 454–472.
  • Kaldor, M. (2007). New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era. Stanford University Press.
  • Köker, A. E. (2022). Ulusal Siber Güvenlik Stratejisi: Fransa. Uluslararası Politika Akademisi (UPA).
  • Layton, P. (2015). The 2015 National Security Strategy and Strategic Defence and Security Review choices: grand strategy, risk management or opportunism?. Defence Studies, 15(1), 28-45.
  • Mathews, J. T. (1989). Redefining Security. Foreign Affairs, 68(2), 162–177.
  • Miller, R. (2012). Balancing Security and Liberty in Germany.
  • Mirković, V. (2024). Germany’s Security Management In The Lıght Of The Integrated Security – Current State and Prospect. Scıence International Journal. https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0301089m.
  • Mutlu, B. (2020). Güvenliğin Dönüşen Anlamı: Yeni Tehditler ve Güvenlik Paradigması. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 16(33), 39–60.
  • Nye, J. S. (2010). The Future of Power. PublicAffairs.
  • Rhodes, R. A. (2000). Governance and public administration. Debating governance, 54, 90.
  • Sankot, O. (2016). German foreign and security policy, development and changes in the context of the Islamic State. , 2016, 91-108.
  • Singer, P. W., & Friedman, A. (2014). Cybersecurity and Cyberwar: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press.
  • Sokolov, A. (2024). The Concept Of Security In German Foreign Policy. Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS. https://doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran42024715.
  • Song, M., Kim, D. H., Bae, S., & Kim, S.-J. (2021). Comparative Analysis of National Cyber Security Strategies using Topic Modelling. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 12(6), 6–13.
  • Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands [SPD], Bündnis 90/Die Grünen & Freie Demokratische Partei [FDP]. (2021). 2021–2025 Koalisyon Anlaşması: https://www.spd.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Koalitionsvertrag/Koalitionsvertrag_2021-2025.pdf E.T. 03.03.2025
  • Stewart, H. (2022). Digital Transformation Security Challenges. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 63, 919 - 936. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2022.2115953.
  • Taran, Y. (2021). Transforming the Concepts of “State Security” and “National Security” in the System of Public Administration. Scientific Journal the Academy of National Security. https://doi.org/10.53305/2523-4927.2021.30.01.
  • UNDP. (1994). Human Development Report. United Nations Development Programme.
  • Walt, S. M. (1991). The Renaissance of Security Studies. International Studies Quarterly, 35(2), 211–239.
  • Zedner, L. (2003). The concept of security: An agenda for comparative analysis. Legal Studies, 23(1), 153–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121X.2003.tb00209.x
  • Zedner, L. (2012). Risiko, Sicherheit und Terrorismus: Drei Konzepte auf der Suche nach einer akademischen Disziplin. Kriminologisches Journal, 10. Beiheft, 30–46.
  • Zedner, L.(2007). Pre-crime and post-criminology? Theoretical Criminology, 11(2), 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480607075851
  • Zedner, L., & Ashworth, A. (2014). Preventive justice. Oxford University Press.

Almanya’nın Kamu Güvenliği Politikaları: Strateji Belgeleri Üzerinden Bir İnceleme

Year 2025, Issue: 118, 199 - 230, 18.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1683028

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Almanya’nın 2021–2024 yılları arasında yayımlamış olduğu sekiz strateji belgesi üzerinden ülkenin kamu güvenliği politikalarını tematik analiz yöntemiyle incelemektedir. Araştırma kapsamında toplam 33 kod belirlenmiştir. Söz konusu kodlar beş ana tema altında sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu temaları “demokratik güvenlik ve katılımcı yönetişim”, “dijital güvenlik ve teknolojik kapasite”, “kapsayıcı dayanıklılık ve kriz yönetişimi”, “önleyici güvenlik ve aşırılıkla mücadele” ile “bütünleşik suçla mücadele ve istihbarat iş birliği” şeklinde sıralamak mümkündür. Bulgular, Almanya’nın güvenlik anlayışının sadece askeri tehditlere karşı savunma stratejisi değil; aynı zamanda demokratik değerlerin korunması, dijital tehditlerin yönetimi ve toplumsal dayanıklılığın inşasını önceleyen bütüncül bir yönetişim modeli olduğunu göstermektedir. Strateji belgeleri üzerinden elde edilen veriler, Almanya’nın güvenlik politikalarında çok aktörlü, normatif ve önleyici bir yaklaşım benimsediğini ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • Agafonova, O. (2024). “Change of Epochs” in German security and defense policy. Izvestiya of Saratov University. Sociology. Politology. https://doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2024-24-2-229-235.
  • Ahmadi, A. (2021). The French Security and Defence Issue: How Does Strategic Culture Help Explain French Views on Common Security and Defence Cooperation? (Bachelor’s thesis, Lund University).
  • Almanya Federal Anayasayı Koruma Teşkilatı (2023). Anayasayı Koruma Raporu https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/SharedDocs/publikationen/DE/verfassungsschutzberichte/2024-06-18-verfassungsschutzbericht-2023.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=17 E.T. 03.06.2025
  • Almanya Federal Hükûmeti. (2023). Ulusal Güvenlik Stratejisi https://www.bmvg.de/en/national-security-policy E.T. 29.10.2024
  • Almanya Federal Hükûmeti. (2024). Aşırılıkla Mücadele ve Demokrasi Güçlendirme Stratejisi https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/downloads/DE/publikationen/themen/ministerium/BMI24021.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=8 E.T. 02.03.2025
  • Almanya Federal İçişleri Bakanlığı. (2021). Siber Güvenlik Stratejisi. https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/downloads/DE/veroeffentlichungen/2021/09/cybersicherheitsstrategie-2021.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1 E.T.02.02.2025
  • Almanya Federal İçişleri Bakanlığı. (2022). Afetlere Karşı Dayanıklılığın Güçlendirilmesine İlişkin Strateji https://www.bmi.bund.de/DE/themen/bevoelkerungsschutz/resilienzstrategie/resilienzstrategie-node.html E.T. 03.03.2025
  • Almanya Federal İçişleri Bakanlığı. (2023). Kritik Altyapıların Korunmasına İlişkin Çatı Strateji https://www.bmi.bund.de/DE/themen/it-und-digitalpolitik/it-und-cybersicherheit/cybersicherheitspolitik/cybersicherheitspolitik-node.html E.T.02.02.2025
  • Almanya Federal Kriminal Dairesi (2022). Polis Odaklı Suçla Mücadele Stratejisi https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/downloads/DE/veroeffentlichungen/2022/Strategie-OK.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=7 E.T. 03.12.2025
  • Arends, J. (2015). Güvenliğin Genişlemesi ve Derinleşmesi. Globacademy.
  • Arslan, A. C. (2024). Hukuk Devleti ve Kamu Dü zeni İlişkisinde Gü venlik Politikalarının Oluşumu. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, (116), 51-74. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1400587
  • Aslan, M. (2022). Türkiye’de Güvenlik Algısının Kavramsal ve Pragmatik Dönüşümü: Modern Dönemlerin Karşılaştırılması. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(3), 293–310.
  • Aytekin, A. (2015). Türkiye’nin Siber Güvenlik Stratejisi ve Eylem Planının Değerlendirilmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi).
  • Banasik, M. (2018). Dilemmas of security perception. Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6222.
  • Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Towards a new modernity (M. Ritter, Trans.). Sage Publications.
  • Berenskoetter, F. (2005). Mapping the Mind Gap: A Comparison of US and German Security Cultures. World Affairs, 168(2), 83–95.
  • Bigo, D. (2002). Security and immigration: Toward a critique of the governmentality of unease. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 27(1_suppl), 63–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/03043754020270S105
  • Bigo, D. (2014). The (in)securitization practices of the three universes of EU border control: Military/navy – Border guards/police – Database analysts. Security Dialogue, 45(3), 209–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010614530459
  • Bigo, D., & Guild, E. (2021). Security above the law? Exceptionalism and border controls in the time of COVID-19. Movements Journal, 9(1).
  • Bigo, D., & Guild, E. (Eds.). (2005). Controlling frontiers: Free movement into and within Europe. Ashgate Publishing.
  • Bigo, D., & Tsoukala, A. (Eds.). (2008). Terror, insecurity and liberty: Illiberal practices of liberal regimes after 9/11. Routledge.
  • Bigo, D., Brouwer, E., Jeandesboz, J., & Hayes, B. (2013). Mass surveillance of personal data by EU member states and its compatibility with EU law. Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2360473
  • Bigo, D., Carrera, S., Guild, E., & Walker, R. (2008). Mapping the field of the EU internal security agencies. Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS). https://didierbigo.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Mapping.pdf
  • Bilgin, P. (2006). Uluslararası İlişkilerde Güvenlik Kavramı: Kuramsal Bir Çerçeve. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 3(11), 3–25.
  • Birdişli, F. (2017). Teori ve Pratikte Uluslararası Güvenlik. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Buzan, B., Wæver, O., de Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Cassedy, C. P. (2013). National Security Strategies of the US and the UK: An Expansion of “Security” Over Time (Master’s thesis). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
  • Çıdam, E. V. (2025). Post-Ulusal Kimlik ve Geçmişle Yüzleşme Siyaseti: Almanya Örneği. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, (117), 167-183. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1584867 E.T. 05.15.2025
  • Çifçi, O. (2024). Güvenlik Paradigmasının Dönüşümü ve 21. Yüzyılda Uluslararası Güvenliğin Yeni Gündemi. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, (113), 143-170. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1335666
  • Dilbirliği, M. (2017). Avrupa aşırı sağının görünüş şekilleri: Almanya örneği. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, (86), 145-168. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/liberal/issue/48149/609149
  • Ettinger, A. (2017). U.S. National Security Strategies: Patterns of Continuity and Change, 1987–2015. Comparative Strategy, 36(1), 25–40.
  • Ettinger, A. (2018). Trump’s National Security Strategy: “America First” Meets the Establishment. International Journal, 73(1), 119–132.
  • Frank A. Stengel, The Politics of Military Force: Antimilitarism, Ideational Change, and Post-Cold War German Security Discourse (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2020
  • Gebremeskel, B., Jonathan, G., ve Yalew, S. (2022). Information Security Challenges During Digital Transformation. , 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.262.
  • Goedecke, M. (2012). The Modernization of the Bundeswehr: A New Trend in Germany’s Security Policy.
  • Gözen, R. (2015). Uluslararası Güvenlik Yaklaşımlarının Tarihsel Gelişimi. Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(1), 65–81.
  • Hammerstad, A., & Boas, I. (2015). National Security Risks? Uncertainty, Austerity and Other Logics of Risk in the UK Government’s National Security Strategy. Cooperation and Conflict, 50(4), 454–472.
  • Kaldor, M. (2007). New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era. Stanford University Press.
  • Köker, A. E. (2022). Ulusal Siber Güvenlik Stratejisi: Fransa. Uluslararası Politika Akademisi (UPA).
  • Layton, P. (2015). The 2015 National Security Strategy and Strategic Defence and Security Review choices: grand strategy, risk management or opportunism?. Defence Studies, 15(1), 28-45.
  • Mathews, J. T. (1989). Redefining Security. Foreign Affairs, 68(2), 162–177.
  • Miller, R. (2012). Balancing Security and Liberty in Germany.
  • Mirković, V. (2024). Germany’s Security Management In The Lıght Of The Integrated Security – Current State and Prospect. Scıence International Journal. https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0301089m.
  • Mutlu, B. (2020). Güvenliğin Dönüşen Anlamı: Yeni Tehditler ve Güvenlik Paradigması. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 16(33), 39–60.
  • Nye, J. S. (2010). The Future of Power. PublicAffairs.
  • Rhodes, R. A. (2000). Governance and public administration. Debating governance, 54, 90.
  • Sankot, O. (2016). German foreign and security policy, development and changes in the context of the Islamic State. , 2016, 91-108.
  • Singer, P. W., & Friedman, A. (2014). Cybersecurity and Cyberwar: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press.
  • Sokolov, A. (2024). The Concept Of Security In German Foreign Policy. Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS. https://doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran42024715.
  • Song, M., Kim, D. H., Bae, S., & Kim, S.-J. (2021). Comparative Analysis of National Cyber Security Strategies using Topic Modelling. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 12(6), 6–13.
  • Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands [SPD], Bündnis 90/Die Grünen & Freie Demokratische Partei [FDP]. (2021). 2021–2025 Koalisyon Anlaşması: https://www.spd.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Koalitionsvertrag/Koalitionsvertrag_2021-2025.pdf E.T. 03.03.2025
  • Stewart, H. (2022). Digital Transformation Security Challenges. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 63, 919 - 936. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2022.2115953.
  • Taran, Y. (2021). Transforming the Concepts of “State Security” and “National Security” in the System of Public Administration. Scientific Journal the Academy of National Security. https://doi.org/10.53305/2523-4927.2021.30.01.
  • UNDP. (1994). Human Development Report. United Nations Development Programme.
  • Walt, S. M. (1991). The Renaissance of Security Studies. International Studies Quarterly, 35(2), 211–239.
  • Zedner, L. (2003). The concept of security: An agenda for comparative analysis. Legal Studies, 23(1), 153–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121X.2003.tb00209.x
  • Zedner, L. (2012). Risiko, Sicherheit und Terrorismus: Drei Konzepte auf der Suche nach einer akademischen Disziplin. Kriminologisches Journal, 10. Beiheft, 30–46.
  • Zedner, L.(2007). Pre-crime and post-criminology? Theoretical Criminology, 11(2), 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480607075851
  • Zedner, L., & Ashworth, A. (2014). Preventive justice. Oxford University Press.
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science (Other)
Journal Section Araştırma
Authors

Onur Ağırdil 0000-0002-3544-2306

Early Pub Date July 26, 2025
Publication Date June 18, 2025
Submission Date April 24, 2025
Acceptance Date May 18, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 118

Cite

APA Ağırdil, O. (2025). Almanya’nın Kamu Güvenliği Politikaları: Strateji Belgeleri Üzerinden Bir İnceleme. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi(118), 199-230. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1683028