Amerikan Aydınlanması: Bir Giriş Denemesi

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 74, 109 - 137, 01.01.2014

Mümin Köktaş

Öz

Modern toplumun hangi siyasal, felsefi temellere dayandığını anlamak için Aydınlanma Çağı üzerinde durmak hala önemini korumaktadır. Aydınlanma Yüzyılının çağdaş toplumlar üzerindeki olumlu veya olumsuz etkisine yönelik dikkate değer bir literatür oluşmuştur. Ancak özellikle ülkemizde Aydınlanma çalışmalarındaki başat eğilimlerin ve analizlerin Kıta Avrupa’sına yoğunlaştığı dikkat çekmektedir. Amerikan Aydınlanmasının bu nedenle görece olarak uzun zamanlar ihmal edildiği söylenebilir. Batı’da bu alanla ilgili önemli bir literatür oluşmakla birlikte, Türkiye’de Amerikan Aydınlanması çalışmaları tatmin edici bir seviyede değildir.

Kaynakça

• Bernstein, R. B. (2009), The Founding Fathers Reconsidered, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press
• Cassara, E. (1975), The Enlightenment in America, Boston, Twayne Publishers
• Cohen, I. B. (1995), Science and the Founding Fathers: Science in the Political Thought of Jeffer- son, Franklin, Adams, and Madison, New York, London, W.W. Norton Company
• Commager, H. S. (1977), The Empire of Reason How Europe Imagined and America Realized the Enlightenment, New York, Anchor Press
• Engeman, T. S. (2004), “Introduction”, Protestantism and the American Founding, Edited by T.S. Engemen and M.P. Zuckert, Notre Dame, Indiana, University of Notre Dame Press: 1-19
• Epstein, D. F. (1984), The Political Theory of the Federalist, Chicago and London, The Univer- sity of Chicago Press
• Ferguson, R. A. (1997), The American Enlightenment 1750-1820, Cambridge, Harvard Uni- versity Press
• Ferguson, R. A. (2004), Reading the Early Republic, Cambridge, Harvard University Press
• Frey, R. G. (2006), “Moral Sense Theory and the Appeal to Natural Rights in the American Founding”, Liberty And American Experience in the Eighteenth Century, Edited by D. Wo- mersley, Indianapolis, Liberty Fund: 275-318
• Fruchtman, J. (2000), “Common Sense”, A Companion to the American Revolution, Edited by J. P. Greene and J. R. Pole, Malden and London, Blackwell Publishers: 254-257
• Gay, P. (1976), The Enlightenment: An Interpretation The Rise of Modern Paganism, New York, Alfred A Knopf
• Goetzmann, W. H. (2009), Beyond the Revolution A History of American Thought from Paine to Pragmatism, New York, Basic Books
• Hall, M. D. (2013), Roger Sherman and the Creation of the American Republic, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press
• Hamowy, R. (2000), “The Declaration of Independence”, A Companion to the American Revo- lution, Edited by Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole, Malden and London, Blackwell Publishers: 258-261
• Harris, A.L.; Kidd, T.S. (2012), The Founding Fathers and the Debate over Religion in Revoluti- onary America, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press
• Himmelfarb, G. (2004), The Roads to Modernity The British, French and American Enlighten- ments, New York, Alfred A. Knopf
• Holmes, D. L. (2006), The Faiths of Founding Fathers, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press
• Kennedy, R. (1993), “The Alliance Between Puritanism and Cartesian Logic at Harvard, 1687-1735”, The American Enlightenment, Edited by F. Shuffelton, New York, University of Rochester Press: 3-26
• Koch, A. (1965), The American Enlightenment The Shaping of the American Experiment and a Free Society, New York, George Braziller
• LaCroix, A. L. (2010), The Ideological Origins of American Federalism, Cambridge, Massachu- setts, Harvard University Press
• Lambert, F. (2003), The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America, Princeton and Oxford, Princeton University Press
• Lerner, R. (1994), Revolutions Revisited Two faces of the Politics of Enlightenment, Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press
• Lutz, D. S. (2000), “State Constitution-Making, through 1781”, A Companion to the American Revolution, Edited by J. P. Greene and J. R. Pole, Malden and London, Blackwell Publis- hers: 269-280
• Marienstras, E. (2000), “Liberty”, A Companion to the American Revolution, Edited by J. P. Greene and J. R. Pole, Malden and London, Blackwell Publishers: 627-632
• May, H. F. (1976), The Enlightenment in America, New York, Oxford University Press
• May, H. F. (1970), “The Problem of the American Enlightenment”, New Literary History, Vol. 1, No. 2, A Symposium on Periods (Winter, 1970), pp. 201- 214
• Meyer, D. H. (1976), “The Uniqueness of the American Enlightenment”, American Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 2, Special Issue: An American Enlightenment (Summer, 1976), pp. 165-186
• Pangle, T. L. (1988), The Spirit of Modern Republicanism The Moral Vision of the American Founders and the Philosophy of Locke, Chicago and London, The University of Chicago Press
• Rutland, Robert A. (2000), “Bills of Rights and the First Ten Amendments to the Constitu- tion”, A Companion to the American Revolution, Edited by Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole, Malden and London, Blackwell Publishers: 265-268
• Ryder, J. (2004), “Early American Philosophy”, The Blackwell Guide to American Philosophy, Edited by Armen T. Marsoobian and John Ryder, Malden MA, Blackwell Publishing: 3-21
• Schneider, H. W. (1963), A History of American Philosophy, New York and London, Columbia University Press
• Sinopoli, R. C. (1992), The Foundations of American Citizenship Liberalism, The Constitution and Civic Virtue, New York and Oxford, Oxford University Press
• Sweet, T. (2009), “Jefferson, Science, and the Enlightenment”, The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Jefferson, Edited by F. Shuffelton, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 101-113
• Thompson, C. B. (2006), “James Madison and the Idea of Fundamental Law”, America and Enlightenment Constitutionalism, Edited by Gary L. McDowell and Johnathan O’Neill, New York, Palgrave Macmillan: 243-263
• Torre, Jose R. (2008), The Enlightenment in America, 1720-1825 Volume 4 Science and Tech- nology Social Sciences, London, Pickering and Chatto
• West, T. G. (1988), “The Classical Spirit of the Founding”, The American Founding Essays on the Formation of the Constitution, Edited by J.J. Barlow, L.W. Levy, K. Masugi, New York, Greenwood Press: 1-56
• West, T. G. (2004), “The Transformation of Protestant Theology as a Condition of the Ameri- can Revolution”, Protestantism and the American Founding, Edited by T.S. Engemen and M.P. Zuckert, Notre Dame, Indiana, University of Notre Dame Press: 187-223
• White, M. (1987), Philosophy, The Federalist, and the Constitution, New York and Oxford, Oxford University Press
• Witte, J. Jr.; Nichols, J. A. (2011), Religion and the American Constitutional Experiment, Boul- der, Westview Press
• Wood, G. S. (2006), “The American Enlightenment”, America and Enlightenment Constituti- onalism, Edited by G. L. McDowell and J. O’Neill, New York, Palgrave Macmillan: 159- 175
• Wootton, D. (2006), “Liberty, Metaphor, and Mechanism: Checks and Balances and the Ori- gins of Modern Constitutionalism”, Liberty And American Experience in the Eighteenth Century, Edited by D. Womersley, Indianapolis, Liberty Fund: 209-274
• Zuckert, M. P. (1996), The Natural Rights Republic Studies in the Foundation of the American Political Tradition, Indiana, University of Notre Dame Press
• Zuckert, M. P. (2004), “Natural Rights and Protestant Politics”, Protestantism and the Ameri- can Founding, Edited by T.S. Engemen and M.P. Zuckert, Notre Dame, Indiana, Univer- sity of Notre Dame Press: 21-75