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Ortadoğu’da İki Otoriter Lider Örneği Üzerine: Cemal Abdünnasır ve Ayetullah Humeyni

Year 2020, Volume: 25 Issue: 97, 67 - 87, 20.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.654797

Abstract

Bu makale, öncelikle dünyada ve Ortadoğu’da liderlik örnekleri ve türleri üzerinde durarak uluslararası ilişkilerde liderliğin karar alma süreçlerine ne ölçüde etki ettiği üzerine değerlendirmede bulunur. Ortadoğu’daki liderlik üzerinde durulduktan sonra Ortadoğu’ya ve dünya siyasetine damgasını vurmuş olan iki lider profili seçilmiştir. Arap dünyasında önemli bir yeri olan Cemal Abdünnasır ve İslam Devrimi ile hem Ortadoğu hem de dünya siyasetine damga vurmuş olan Ayetullah Humeyni’nin liderlik özellikleri, yönetim şekilleri, iç politika ve dış politikadaki önemli kararları ve siyaset tarzları üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Her iki liderin genel karakteristik özellikleri ve siyasi biyografileri üzerinden liderlik etme yöntemleri incelendikten sonra sonuç bölümünde de karşılaştırmalı analizleri yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma seküler ve milliyetçi bir Arap lider ile İslamcı –Şii bir İranlı liderin Ortadoğu siyasetinde edindikleri yeri ve Ortadoğu siyasetine katkılarını detaylı bir şekilde incelemektedir.

References

  • Abrahamian, E .(2008). Modern İran Tarihi, Dilek Şendil (çev.).İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Ajami, F. (1981). The Arab predicament: Arab political thought and practice since 1967. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Arjomand, S.A. (1988). The Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • ‘’Abd al-Karīm Qāsim’’, Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abd-al-Karim-Qasim
  • ‘’Ayatollah Khomeini (1900-1989)’’. BBC History. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/khomeini_ayatollah.shtml
  • Bengio,O. ve Litvak,M. (Ed).(2011). The Sunna and Shi'a in history : division and ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East. New York, N.Y. : Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Çandar, C.(1981). Dünden Yarına İran. İstanbul: Yalcin Yayinlari.
  • Çağılcı, İ. (2018).‘’Pan-Arabizm uğruna: Cemal Abdünnasır’’. Mecra.4 Mayıs 2018. https://www.gzt.com/mecra/cemal-abdunnasir-3116574
  • Dilek, K.(2007). ‘’İran’da meşrutiyet hareketi ve dönemin siyasi gelişmeleri’’, Akademik Orta Doğu, 2 ( 1), ss.50-68.
  • Fallaci, O.(1979). ‘’An Interview with Khomeini’’.The New York Times. 7 Ekim 1979. https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/07/archives/an-interview-with-khomeini.html
  • Gordon, J. (1992). Nasser’s Blessed Movement. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • ‘’Imam Khomeini’s Biography’’, Khamanei IR. http://english.khamenei.ir/news/2116/Imam-Khomeini-s-Biography
  • ’’I Know Khomeini’’.(2017). AlJazeera Belgesel.14 Kasım 2017. https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/specialseries/2017/11/knew-khomeini-171113131825740.html
  • Kechichian, J.A. (2008). Faysal : Saudi Arabia's King for all seasons. Gainesville, FL : University Press of Florida.
  • ‘’Khomeini, Ruhollah al-Musavi’’.Oxford Islamic Studies Online. http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0457
  • Kostiner,J.(1987). “Shi'i Unrest in the Gulf,” in Shi’ism, Resistance, and Revolution. Martin Kramer (Ed.). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
  • Krasno, J. (2015). “Laying out the Conceptual Framework”. Personality, Political Leadership, and Decision Making: A Global Perspective içerisinde, Jean Krasno and Sean LaPides (Ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, LLC.
  • ‘’Nasser resigns: crowds in Cairo weep’’.(2001). The Telegraph, 26 Ekim 2001.
  • Neck, L. (2008). The New Foreign Policy: Power Sekking in a Globalized Era, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Niblock,T. (2006). Saudi Arabia: power, legitimacy and survival. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis.
  • Parsi,T. (2018). ‘’Why Trump’s Hawks Back the MEK Terrorist Cult’’, The New York Review of Books (NYBooks), 20 Temmuz 2018. https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2018/07/20/why-trumps-hawks-back-the-mek-terrorist-cult/
  • Philipp, P. (2008). ‘’ Tahran-Bağdat hattında silahların sustuğu gün’’. Deutsche Welle. 20 Ağustos 2008. https://www.dw.com/tr/tahran-ba%C4%9Fdat-hatt%C4%B1nda-silahlar%C4%B1n-sustu%C4%9Fu-g%C3%BCn/a-3578230
  • Podeh, E. ve Winckler,O.(2004). Rethinking Nasserism: Revolution and Historical Memory in Modern Egypt. Gaineswille: University Press of Florida.
  • Reich,B. (Ed.). (1990).Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa. New York: Greenwood Press.
  • ‘’Ruhollah Khomeini’’, Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ruhollah-Khomeini
  • Sciolino, E. (1988). ‘’Iran Will Not Rely On U.S. or Soviets, Khomeini Declares’’. The New York Times. 5 Ekim 1988. https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/05/world/iran-will-not-rely-on-us-or-soviets-khomeini-declares.html
  • Scaddan,C, Szudek,M ve Jean Krasno.(2015). “Saddam Hussein: Violence and Terror”. Personality, Political Leadership, and Decision Making: A Global Perspective içerisinde. Jean Krasno and Sean LaPides(Ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, LLC.
  • ‘’Türkiye medyasında İmam Humeyni’’.(2016). Fars Haber Ajansı, 4 Haziran 2016. http://tr.farsnews.com/13950315000527
  • Vatikiotis, P.J. (1978). Nasser and His Generation. London: Croom Helm.
  • Yanardağ, M. (2003). ‘’İran Tarihinden Siyaset Dersleri’’. Bianet. 21 Haziran 2003. https://m.bianet.org/bianet/siyaset/20308-iran-tarihinden-siyaset-dersleri

The Two Authoritarian Leader Cases in The Middle East: Gamal Abd al Nasser and Ayatollah Khomeini

Year 2020, Volume: 25 Issue: 97, 67 - 87, 20.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.654797

Abstract

The article focuses on the leadership types in the world and the Middle East and evaluates in what extent the leadership made an impact on the decision making processes in international relations. After the brief review on the leadership in the Middle East, the two leader profiles who made a great impact on the Middle East and world politics are picked up for a review. The study focuses on the leadership features, governing methods, the crucial decisions in internal and foreign politics and political views of Gamal Abd al Nasser, who has an important place in the Arab world; and Ayatollah Khomeini, who made a great impact on both Middle East and world politics by the Islamic Revolution. The article tries to make a comparative analysis in the conclusion part after reviewing the leading methods through both leaders’ characteristics and political bibliographies. The study reviews the importance of Arab nationalist and secular leader and Islamist Shi’ite leader in the Middle Eastern politics and their contributions to the Middle East policy in detail.

References

  • Abrahamian, E .(2008). Modern İran Tarihi, Dilek Şendil (çev.).İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Ajami, F. (1981). The Arab predicament: Arab political thought and practice since 1967. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Arjomand, S.A. (1988). The Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • ‘’Abd al-Karīm Qāsim’’, Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abd-al-Karim-Qasim
  • ‘’Ayatollah Khomeini (1900-1989)’’. BBC History. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/khomeini_ayatollah.shtml
  • Bengio,O. ve Litvak,M. (Ed).(2011). The Sunna and Shi'a in history : division and ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East. New York, N.Y. : Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Çandar, C.(1981). Dünden Yarına İran. İstanbul: Yalcin Yayinlari.
  • Çağılcı, İ. (2018).‘’Pan-Arabizm uğruna: Cemal Abdünnasır’’. Mecra.4 Mayıs 2018. https://www.gzt.com/mecra/cemal-abdunnasir-3116574
  • Dilek, K.(2007). ‘’İran’da meşrutiyet hareketi ve dönemin siyasi gelişmeleri’’, Akademik Orta Doğu, 2 ( 1), ss.50-68.
  • Fallaci, O.(1979). ‘’An Interview with Khomeini’’.The New York Times. 7 Ekim 1979. https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/07/archives/an-interview-with-khomeini.html
  • Gordon, J. (1992). Nasser’s Blessed Movement. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • ‘’Imam Khomeini’s Biography’’, Khamanei IR. http://english.khamenei.ir/news/2116/Imam-Khomeini-s-Biography
  • ’’I Know Khomeini’’.(2017). AlJazeera Belgesel.14 Kasım 2017. https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/specialseries/2017/11/knew-khomeini-171113131825740.html
  • Kechichian, J.A. (2008). Faysal : Saudi Arabia's King for all seasons. Gainesville, FL : University Press of Florida.
  • ‘’Khomeini, Ruhollah al-Musavi’’.Oxford Islamic Studies Online. http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0457
  • Kostiner,J.(1987). “Shi'i Unrest in the Gulf,” in Shi’ism, Resistance, and Revolution. Martin Kramer (Ed.). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
  • Krasno, J. (2015). “Laying out the Conceptual Framework”. Personality, Political Leadership, and Decision Making: A Global Perspective içerisinde, Jean Krasno and Sean LaPides (Ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, LLC.
  • ‘’Nasser resigns: crowds in Cairo weep’’.(2001). The Telegraph, 26 Ekim 2001.
  • Neck, L. (2008). The New Foreign Policy: Power Sekking in a Globalized Era, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Niblock,T. (2006). Saudi Arabia: power, legitimacy and survival. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis.
  • Parsi,T. (2018). ‘’Why Trump’s Hawks Back the MEK Terrorist Cult’’, The New York Review of Books (NYBooks), 20 Temmuz 2018. https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2018/07/20/why-trumps-hawks-back-the-mek-terrorist-cult/
  • Philipp, P. (2008). ‘’ Tahran-Bağdat hattında silahların sustuğu gün’’. Deutsche Welle. 20 Ağustos 2008. https://www.dw.com/tr/tahran-ba%C4%9Fdat-hatt%C4%B1nda-silahlar%C4%B1n-sustu%C4%9Fu-g%C3%BCn/a-3578230
  • Podeh, E. ve Winckler,O.(2004). Rethinking Nasserism: Revolution and Historical Memory in Modern Egypt. Gaineswille: University Press of Florida.
  • Reich,B. (Ed.). (1990).Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa. New York: Greenwood Press.
  • ‘’Ruhollah Khomeini’’, Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ruhollah-Khomeini
  • Sciolino, E. (1988). ‘’Iran Will Not Rely On U.S. or Soviets, Khomeini Declares’’. The New York Times. 5 Ekim 1988. https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/05/world/iran-will-not-rely-on-us-or-soviets-khomeini-declares.html
  • Scaddan,C, Szudek,M ve Jean Krasno.(2015). “Saddam Hussein: Violence and Terror”. Personality, Political Leadership, and Decision Making: A Global Perspective içerisinde. Jean Krasno and Sean LaPides(Ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, LLC.
  • ‘’Türkiye medyasında İmam Humeyni’’.(2016). Fars Haber Ajansı, 4 Haziran 2016. http://tr.farsnews.com/13950315000527
  • Vatikiotis, P.J. (1978). Nasser and His Generation. London: Croom Helm.
  • Yanardağ, M. (2003). ‘’İran Tarihinden Siyaset Dersleri’’. Bianet. 21 Haziran 2003. https://m.bianet.org/bianet/siyaset/20308-iran-tarihinden-siyaset-dersleri
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Araştırma
Authors

Selim Öztürk

Publication Date March 20, 2020
Submission Date January 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 25 Issue: 97

Cite

APA Öztürk, S. (2020). Ortadoğu’da İki Otoriter Lider Örneği Üzerine: Cemal Abdünnasır ve Ayetullah Humeyni. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, 25(97), 67-87. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.654797