Manchester Okulu ve Serbest Ticaretin Önemi

Year 2023, Issue: 110, 21 - 40, 20.06.2023

Özlem Kırlı

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1265727

Abstract

Ekonomik ve politik açıdan tartışılan liberal ekollerden birisi olan Manchester okulunun düşünceleri İngiltere’nin politik ve ekonomik yaşamından etkilenmiş ve karar alıcıları da etkilemiştir. Manchester okulu klasik liberallerin öngördüğü serbest piyasa alanından daha fazlasını arzu ettiği için liberteryen düşüncenin entelektüel kaynaklarından birisidir. Daha fazla piyasa ve daha sınırlı devlet vurgusu yapan, elitizm karşıtı bir tutum sergileyen, her türlü ekonomik ve siyasal ayrımcılığa karşı duran Manchester okulu, dönemin birçok tartışma konularında siyasal ve ekonomik özgürlük mücadelesi yürütmüştür.
Çalışmanın amacı, Manchester okulunun ekonomik felsefesinin temel ilkelerini ve klasik iktisattan farklılaştığı noktaları değerlendirmektir. Manchester Okulu’nun, klasik iktisat veya diğer entelektüel gruplaşmaların bulunmadığı bir okul olduğunu bilmek başlangıç için yardımcı bir çıkarım olacaktır. Manchester okulunun ekonomiye ve siyasete ilişkin her konuyu tutarlı bir şekilde ele aldıklarını söylemek mümkün değildir. Meta bir teori veya doktrinden ziyade, dönemin tartışılan belli başlı konuları hakkında fikir beyan eden bir topluluk olduklarını söylemek daha gerçekçi bir yaklaşım olacaktır.

Keywords

Manchester Okulu, Tüccarların Dilekçesi, Serbest Ticaret, Tahıl Yasası

The Manchester School and the Importance of Free Trade

Abstract

As one of the economically and politically debated liberal schools, the ideas of the Manchester school were influenced by the political and economic life of the UK and accordingly influenced decision-makers. The Manchester school is one of the intellectual sources of libertarian thought as it aspired for more than the free market space envisioned by classical liberals. Emphasizing more markets and a more limited state, taking an anti-elitist stance, and opposing all kinds of economic and political discrimination, the Manchester school had fought for political and economic reedom in many controversial issues of the period. The aim of this study is to evaluate the basic principles of the economic philosophy of the Manchester school and the points where it differs from classical economics.
It is helpful to start by recognizing that the Manchester School was a school without classical economics or other intellectual groupings. It is not possible to say that the Manchester School dealt with every issue related to economics and politics in a coherent way. Rather than a meta-theory or doctrine, it would be more realistic to say that they had constituted a community that expressed opinions on the major issues debated at the time.

Keywords

Manchester School, Corn Law, Merchants’ Petition, Free Trade

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