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Manchester Okulu ve Serbest Ticaretin Önemi

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 110, 21 - 40, 20.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1265727

Öz

Ekonomik ve politik açıdan tartışılan liberal ekollerden birisi olan Manchester okulunun düşünceleri İngiltere’nin politik ve ekonomik yaşamından etkilenmiş ve karar alıcıları da etkilemiştir. Manchester okulu klasik liberallerin öngördüğü serbest piyasa alanından daha fazlasını arzu ettiği için liberteryen düşüncenin entelektüel kaynaklarından birisidir. Daha fazla piyasa ve daha sınırlı devlet vurgusu yapan, elitizm karşıtı bir tutum sergileyen, her türlü ekonomik ve siyasal ayrımcılığa karşı duran Manchester okulu, dönemin birçok tartışma konularında siyasal ve ekonomik özgürlük mücadelesi yürütmüştür.
Çalışmanın amacı, Manchester okulunun ekonomik felsefesinin temel ilkelerini ve klasik iktisattan farklılaştığı noktaları değerlendirmektir. Manchester Okulu’nun, klasik iktisat veya diğer entelektüel gruplaşmaların bulunmadığı bir okul olduğunu bilmek başlangıç için yardımcı bir çıkarım olacaktır. Manchester okulunun ekonomiye ve siyasete ilişkin her konuyu tutarlı bir şekilde ele aldıklarını söylemek mümkün değildir. Meta bir teori veya doktrinden ziyade, dönemin tartışılan belli başlı konuları hakkında fikir beyan eden bir topluluk olduklarını söylemek daha gerçekçi bir yaklaşım olacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Bannerman, G. (2015). Cobden’s Single-Issue Politics. Richard Cobden: Ideas and Strategies in Organizing the Free-Trade Movement in Britain içinde . Indiana: Liberty Fund.
  • Bresiger, G. (1997). Laissez Faire and Little Englanderism: The Rise, Fall, Rise, and Fall of the Manchester School. Journal of Libertarian Studies, 3(1), 45-79.
  • Bright, J. M. (1868). Speeches On Questions Of Public Policy, vol 1 (Ed James E. Thorold Rogers), London, Macmillan And Co.
  • Butler, E. (2018). Klasik Liberalizm Bir El Kitabı. (A. Akçiçek, Çev.). Ankara: Liberte Yayınları.
  • Castorina, C. P. (1976). Richard Cobden and the Intellectual Development and Influence of the Manchester School of Economics. United States: ProQuest.
  • Cobden, R. (1903). The Political Writings of Richard Cobden (C. I). London: T. Fisher Unwin.
  • Dewey, D. (1950). Professor Schumpeter on Socialism: The Case of Britain. Journal of Political Economy, 58(3), 187-210.
  • Donaldson, J. (1971). The Case of Richard Cobden. Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 83(3), 34-45.
  • Gesell, S. (1918). The Natural Economic Order. AbeBooks.
  • Grampp, W. D. (1960). The Manchester School of Economics. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Hirst, F. W. (1903). Free Trade and Other Fundamental Doctrines of the Manchester School: Set Forth in Selections from the Speeches and Writings of Its Founders and Followers. London and New York: Harper & Brothers.
  • Howe, A. (2010). The ‘Manchester School’ and the Landlords: The Failure of Land Reform in Early Victorian Britain. M. Cragoe (Ed.), The Land Question in Britain, 1750–1950 içinde (ss. 70-91). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Howe, A. (2015). Why Couldn’t Cobden Replicate His Anti-Corn Law Success? Richard Cobden: Ideas and Strategies in Organizing the Free-Trade Movement in Britain içinde . Indiana: Liberty Fund.
  • Magnusson, L. (2004). The Tradition of Free Trade. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Moss, L. S. (2010). Ricardian Economics: Reasoning About Counterintuitive Tendencies When System Constraints Are Present. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 69, 461-498.
  • O’brien, R. B. (1910). John Bright A Monograph. London: Smith, Elder & CO.
  • Richardson, S. (2015). Manchester or Midhurst? Richard Cobden: Ideas and Strategies in Organizing the Free-Trade Movement in Britain içinde . Indiana: Liberty Fund.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (2006). Capitalism, Socialism And Democracy. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Sheppard, E. (2005). Constructing free trade: From Manchester boosterism to global management. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 30(2), 151-172.
  • Smith, A. (2010). Milletlerin Zenginliği. (Haldun Derin, Çev.) İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Spall, R. F. (1988). Free Trade, Foreign Relations, and the Anti-Corn-Law League. The International History Review, 10(3), 405-432.
  • Turner, M. J. (1994). Before the Manchester School: Economic Theory in Early Nineteenth-Century Manchester. History, 79(256), 216-241.

The Manchester School and the Importance of Free Trade

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 110, 21 - 40, 20.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1265727

Öz

As one of the economically and politically debated liberal schools, the ideas of the Manchester school were influenced by the political and economic life of the UK and accordingly influenced decision-makers. The Manchester school is one of the intellectual sources of libertarian thought as it aspired for more than the free market space envisioned by classical liberals. Emphasizing more markets and a more limited state, taking an anti-elitist stance, and opposing all kinds of economic and political discrimination, the Manchester school had fought for political and economic reedom in many controversial issues of the period. The aim of this study is to evaluate the basic principles of the economic philosophy of the Manchester school and the points where it differs from classical economics.
It is helpful to start by recognizing that the Manchester School was a school without classical economics or other intellectual groupings. It is not possible to say that the Manchester School dealt with every issue related to economics and politics in a coherent way. Rather than a meta-theory or doctrine, it would be more realistic to say that they had constituted a community that expressed opinions on the major issues debated at the time.

Kaynakça

  • Bannerman, G. (2015). Cobden’s Single-Issue Politics. Richard Cobden: Ideas and Strategies in Organizing the Free-Trade Movement in Britain içinde . Indiana: Liberty Fund.
  • Bresiger, G. (1997). Laissez Faire and Little Englanderism: The Rise, Fall, Rise, and Fall of the Manchester School. Journal of Libertarian Studies, 3(1), 45-79.
  • Bright, J. M. (1868). Speeches On Questions Of Public Policy, vol 1 (Ed James E. Thorold Rogers), London, Macmillan And Co.
  • Butler, E. (2018). Klasik Liberalizm Bir El Kitabı. (A. Akçiçek, Çev.). Ankara: Liberte Yayınları.
  • Castorina, C. P. (1976). Richard Cobden and the Intellectual Development and Influence of the Manchester School of Economics. United States: ProQuest.
  • Cobden, R. (1903). The Political Writings of Richard Cobden (C. I). London: T. Fisher Unwin.
  • Dewey, D. (1950). Professor Schumpeter on Socialism: The Case of Britain. Journal of Political Economy, 58(3), 187-210.
  • Donaldson, J. (1971). The Case of Richard Cobden. Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 83(3), 34-45.
  • Gesell, S. (1918). The Natural Economic Order. AbeBooks.
  • Grampp, W. D. (1960). The Manchester School of Economics. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Hirst, F. W. (1903). Free Trade and Other Fundamental Doctrines of the Manchester School: Set Forth in Selections from the Speeches and Writings of Its Founders and Followers. London and New York: Harper & Brothers.
  • Howe, A. (2010). The ‘Manchester School’ and the Landlords: The Failure of Land Reform in Early Victorian Britain. M. Cragoe (Ed.), The Land Question in Britain, 1750–1950 içinde (ss. 70-91). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Howe, A. (2015). Why Couldn’t Cobden Replicate His Anti-Corn Law Success? Richard Cobden: Ideas and Strategies in Organizing the Free-Trade Movement in Britain içinde . Indiana: Liberty Fund.
  • Magnusson, L. (2004). The Tradition of Free Trade. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Moss, L. S. (2010). Ricardian Economics: Reasoning About Counterintuitive Tendencies When System Constraints Are Present. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 69, 461-498.
  • O’brien, R. B. (1910). John Bright A Monograph. London: Smith, Elder & CO.
  • Richardson, S. (2015). Manchester or Midhurst? Richard Cobden: Ideas and Strategies in Organizing the Free-Trade Movement in Britain içinde . Indiana: Liberty Fund.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (2006). Capitalism, Socialism And Democracy. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Sheppard, E. (2005). Constructing free trade: From Manchester boosterism to global management. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 30(2), 151-172.
  • Smith, A. (2010). Milletlerin Zenginliği. (Haldun Derin, Çev.) İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Spall, R. F. (1988). Free Trade, Foreign Relations, and the Anti-Corn-Law League. The International History Review, 10(3), 405-432.
  • Turner, M. J. (1994). Before the Manchester School: Economic Theory in Early Nineteenth-Century Manchester. History, 79(256), 216-241.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi, Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Özlem Kırlı 0000-0002-2824-1725

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 13 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 110

Kaynak Göster

APA Kırlı, Ö. (2023). Manchester Okulu ve Serbest Ticaretin Önemi. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi(110), 21-40. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1265727