Avrupa Birliği’nde Aşırı Sağın Yükselişini Anlamak: Siyasi Kültür Üzerine Lévi-Straussçu Bir Perspektif

Year 2025, Issue: 119, 267 - 294, 25.09.2025

Laçin Akyıl , Emre Aydilek , Alihan Pasin

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1665348

Abstract

Claude Lévi-Strauss’un yapısalcı çerçevesi bu çalışmada altı AB üye ülkesinde aşırı sağ popülist hareketlerin ortaya çıkışını incelemek için kullanılmıştır: Fransa, Almanya, İtalya, Macaristan, İsveç ve Portekiz. Çalışma, parti manifestoları ve programlarına bakarak aşırı sağ söyleminMsembolik temellerini ortaya çıkarmak için makro düzeyde nitel yöntemler ve mikro düzeyde manuel belge analizi kullanmaktadır. Sonuçlar, bu hareketlerin siyasi anlam üretmek için bize karşı onlar, doğal olana karşı yapay olan ve temiz olana karşı kirli olan gibi ikili karşıtlıkları kullandığını göstermektedir. Bu karşıtlıklar, mit ve kültürel kodlara ilişkin yapısalcı inançlarla tutarlıdır. Aşırı sağ partiler, liderlerini felaket ve yeniden doğuş hikayelerinin kahramanları olarak tasvir etmekte ve kendilerini mitleştirilmiş bir ulusal kimliğin savunucuları olarak resmetmektedirler. Bu sembolik sistemler içerisinde İslamofobi, Avrupa şüpheciliği ve göçmen karşıtlığı söylemleri, kültürel mitlerin yanı sıra politika duruşları olarak da işlev görmektedir. Çalışma, aşırı sağ popülizmin en iyi yapısal dönüşüme verilen kültürel bir yanıt olarak anlaşılabileceği sonucuna varmaktadır ki Lévi-Strauss’un teorisi bunun için ikna edici bir analitik araç sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Levi-Strauss , Avrupa Birliği , Siyasal Kültür , Aşırı Sağ , Popülist liderlik , Döküman Analizi

Ethical Statement

Makalenin İngilizce dil düzenlemesi ve revizyonu sırasında “DeepL Translator” ve “Grammarly” adlı çevrimiçi yazılımlar kullanılmıştır.

Understanding the Rise of the Far Right in the European Union: A Lévi-Straussian Perspective on Political Culture

Abstract

The structuralist framework of Claude Lévi-Strauss is used in this study to examine the emergence of far-right populist movements in six European Union (EU) member states: France, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Sweden, and Portugal. The study uses qualitative methods at the macro level and manual document analysis at the micro level to uncover the symbolic underpinnings of far-right speech by looking at party manifestos and programs. The results demonstrate that these movements use binary oppositions -such as us against them, natural versus artificial, and clean versus dirty -to generate political meaning. These oppositions are consistent with structuralist beliefs about myth and cultural codes. Far-right parties portray their leaders as heroes in stories of catastrophe and rebirth, and they portray themselves as defenders of a mythologized national identity. Within these symbolic systems, discourses on Islamophobia, Euroskepticism, and anti-immigration serve as cultural myths as well as policy stances. The study concludes that far-right populism is best understood as a cultural response to structural transformation, for which the theory of Lévi-Strauss offers a compelling analytical tool.

Keywords

Levi-Strauss , European Union , Political Culture , Far Right , Populist Leadership , Document Analysis

Ethical Statement

The online softwares ‘DeepL Translator’ and ‘Grammarly’ were used during the English language editing and revision of the article.

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